PRE-CALCULUS REVIEWER Catorce Module 2: Conversion from Degree Measure to Radian

Measure and Vice Versa

Module 1: Unit Circle
Degree to Radian
Angle
- Multiply the degree by π/180
- Plane figure consisting of two rays having the same end
point Radian to Degree

Sides - Multiply the radian by 180/π

- Rays of an angle
- One is initial side, and the other is terminal side
Arc Length (s)
o Terminal side is positive if it opens
counterclockwise s = rθ
o Terminal side is negative if it opens clockwise

Central Angle

- An angle whose sides’ vertex is at the center of the circle

- The sides are the radii of the circle

Intercepted Arc

- Subtends the central angle

- Part of the circumference of the circle Sector
Angle in Standard Position - Portion of the interior of a circle bounded by the initial and
- Fits a coordinate system terminal sides of a central angle and intercepted arc
- Origin is the vertex - Angle with the measure 2π radians will define a sector that
- Initial side coincides with the positive x-axis corresponds to the circle as a whole
- Area of a sector = ½(θr2)

Conversion from degrees to seconds

Module 3: Coterminal Angles
> Decimal of the degrees * 60 = minutes
Coterminal Angles
> Decimal of the minutes * 60 = seconds
- Two angles in standard position that have a common
terminal side
- Degree measures differ by 360k, k is an integer
Conversion from seconds to degrees
- Radian measures differ by 2πk, k is an integer
> Seconds / 60 = ans + minutes o Negative CT: subtract 360 degrees or 2π
o Positive CT: add 360 degrees or 2π
> New minutes = / ans + degrees

> New degrees

Module 4: Circular Functions on Real Numbers

Unit Circle

- Circle given by the equation x2 + y2 = 1

- Center is at the origin
- Radius is 1

Pythagorean Triples

- 3, 4, 5
- 5, 12, 13
- 6, 8, 10
- 9, 12, 15
- 8, 15, 17
- 7, 24, 25
Module 5: Reference Angles

Values of y = cos x where x is the equvalent radian

measure of the special angles

Graphs of each Circular Functions

Sine Function

MODULE 6: Domain & Range of Circular Functions

Domain
• (set of possible input values)
• involves all the input values which are
represented on the x-axis
Range Cosine Function
• set of possible output values
• takes place on the y-axis

Domain and Range of the 6 Circular Functions

Circular Domain Range
Function
Sine: y = sinAll real numbers [-1, 1] Tangent Function
x (R)
Cosine: y = All real numbers [-1, 1]
cos x (R)
Tangent: y = All real numbers [-1, 1]
tan x except kπ/2,
where k is an odd
integer
Cotangent: y All real numbers All real numbers
= cot x except x ≠ k𝜋, (R)
where k is any
integer
Cotangent Function
Secant: y = All real numbers
sec x except x ≠ (2k +
1)(π/2), where k is
any integer
Cosecant: y All real numbers
= csc x except x ≠ k𝜋,
where k is any
integer

Secant Function

Values of y = sin x where x is the equvalent radian

measure of the special angles
Cosecant Function

Module 10: Solve Situational Problems Involving Circular

Functions

Equations of Simple Harmonic Motion

𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏(𝑡 + 𝑐) + 𝑑
Amplitude (a) /a/
Maximum height (M) ½ (M-m)
Minimum height (m)
2𝜋
Period
𝑏
Horizontal Shift (c) /c/
Vertical Shift (d) /d/
𝑏
Frequency
* Reciprocal of period 2𝜋 Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

• Reciprocal, Quotient, Pythagorean, Even Odd

Module 11: Fundamental Trigonometric Identities • Used to simplify trigonometric expressions
Domain Module 12: Sum, Difference and Cofunction
Identities
• an expression or equation is the set of all real values
of the variable for which every term (or part) of the Sum Identity
expression / equation is defined in the set of real
Sine sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
numbers R.
Cosine cos(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
Identity Equations Tangent 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵
tan(𝐴 + 𝐵) =
• an equation that is true for all values of the variable
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵
in the domain of the equation.
• every element in the domain of the equation
satisfies the given equation Difference Identity
• always true Sine sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
Cosine cos(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
Conditional Equations
Tangent 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵
• Some values of the variable in the domain of the tan(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 1
equation do not satisfy the equation or do not make + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵
the equation true.
• Must be false for at least one element
Cofunction Identity and Reciprocal Cofunctions
Contradiction

• If it is false for every value in the domain; equation

has no solution

Trigonometric Identities
Module 13: Double Angle and Half-Angle Identities
• an equation involving trigonometric ratios of an
angle, where the equation holds true for a defined Double Angle Identity
range of values of the angle. Double Angle

• The increase of an angle to twice its measure or

quantity.
• There are two possible ways to double an angle:
1) Multiply the angle by 2 (such as 2 ); or
 2) Add an angle with the same degree, to that of the
given angle ( θ + θ ).
Sine sin 2𝑎 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
Cosine cos2a = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴
Tangent 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴
tan 2𝐴 = 2𝐴
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛

Half-Angle Identity

• alternative forms of the double – angle identities for

cosine will be the source of deriving the half – angle
identities for cosine and sine.
Sine 𝐴 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) = ±√
2

2 2
Cosine

𝑐𝑜𝑠
Tangent 𝑡𝑎𝑚2
)

Module 15: Domain and Range of Trigonometric Functions

NEEDED INFORMATION