Practical Research Quiz 2 Reviewer (Module 7-8) 4.

Research Instrument
Ang important lang naman dito is yung definition,, sinama ko lang
yung additional info just in case :DD
MODULE 7: Writing the Research Methodology
Methodology
- Something that you should not be afraid of
- Merriam-Webster: a particular procedure or set
of procedures
- Describes how the research is to be conducted
(how something is done)
Elements of the Research Methodology
1. Research Design
o Describes the specific framework that
you will follow to solve your research
problem.
o Explain why you chose that specific
design and how it could provide answers
to your research questions and research
problem.
2. Respondents or Participants of the Study
o Describes who your respondents or
participants are, from which the data to
answer the research problem is
collected.
o Respondents – the people who took
part in your study by answering a
questionnaire or answer sheet.
o Participants – the people who took part
in the study by performing tasks related
to the purposes of the study.
o Pseudonyms or aliases – hides the
identity of specific persons who are the
subjects of your study.
o You have to explain the reasoning
behind your chosen intrument and how
it gathers accurate data for your
analysis.
o Explain the parts or contents of your
research intrument (to see how it
answers the research questions and
helps solve the research problem)
o You are not limited to a single type of
data gathering instrument.
o You do not have to attach a copy of the
actual instrument or transcript in this
section. (put it at the appendices section
of the research paper)
5. Data Gathering Procedure
o Describes the entirety of how the data
will be collected and the steps leading up
to it.
o Written sequentially
o Can be written in essay form or in
numbered or bulleted list form
o IMPORTANT: explain in detail how the
instrument will be used, and data will be
collected
o Explain the steps that led you to the data
gathering activity
o Describe the setup of your data
gathering activity

3. Sampling Procedure
o Sampling – one of the few mathematical
procedures you will implement in
qualitative research.
o Describe which sampling method you
implemented and why you chose to
implement it.

Things to remember:
o If your study involves more than two
respondents or participants, you may
have to perform this section however,
o This section is no longer required if your
study involves one or two persons (case
studies or comparative case studies)
o You can choose between probability and
non-probability sampling types.
o Slovin’s Formula – you no longer need to
write down the complete formula and
solution at this section, just describe
how you used it and its result.
o Explain in sequential detail how you will
select your participants and
respondents.
MODULE 8: Fomulation of Research Instruments
I. Qualitative Questionnaires
o Attempt to elicit more in-depth
responses from the respondents.
o Designed to find out what has changed
as a result of the program, what the
mentees have learned, and what they
are doing differently.
Guidelines in Formulating Qualitative
Questionnaire
1. Mention the purpose of conducting qualitative
research.
2. Create qualitative statements with a defined
objective that can be easily communicated to the
target audience.
3. Other than the primary qualitative question, you
must create sub-question so that the purpose is
executed in a better manner.
4. Highlight these questions using ‘qualitative’
words.
o Start the questions with “What” or
“How” to make sure the respondents
provide details about their feelings.
o Questions such as “what happened” can
be asked to develop a description of the
topic.
o The unstructured questionnaires have
open-ended questions that elicit
answers to explain, reason out, or
express the actual written response of
the respondents.
5. Develop a skeleton to design the primary
question and the sub-questions
II. Interview
o A conversation for gathering
information
o Interviewer – coordinates the process of
the conversation and ask questions
o Interviewee – responds to those
questions
Tips for Formulating Interview Guides for
Qualitative Interviews
1. The relationship of research questions and
interview questions
2. Attributes of a population
3. Qualitative interviews are useful for eliciting
people’s descriptions
4. “Questions about factors that impact X”
5. Knowledge questions
6. Open-ended questions
7. Fewer questions
III. Observation
o A “successful” instrument to the extend
that it satisfies the research objectives
by capturing relevant events and
participants along with the constructs of
interest.
Types of Observational Tools
1. Observation Guide
o Helps maintain the observer’s focus
while also giving the observer scope to
reflect on the context associated with
each site.
o Purpose of this tool:
▪ Reminds the observer of the key
points of observation as well as
the topics of interest associated
with each
▪ Acts as the motivation for a
reflexive exercise in which the
observer can reflect on his/her
own relation ship and
contribution to the observed at
any moment in time
2. Observation Grid
o Ethnographic researchers utilize this
tool
o Similar to the guide that helps remind
the observer of the events and issues of
most import however,
o The grid is a spreadsheet or log of sorts
that enables the observer to record
observable events in relationship to the
constructs of interest
o Shows relevant constructs or research
issues as column heading and the
specific foci of observation as rows