10

ENGLISH
QUARTER 4 – MODULE 1
MELC 1:
Distinguish Technical Terms Used in Research
(EN10V-IVa-30)

English 10 – Quarter 4 – Module 1 1

What I Know
To test what you already know about research technical terms, answer the pre-test
below. Take note of the items that you didn’t answer correctly and gradually discover the
correct answer as you go through this module.

Directions: Identify what research technical term is being described in the following
statements. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. ____________ presents background information, scope, and focus of the research paper.
a. Methodology c. Literature Review
b. Introduction d. Reference
2. ____________ provides a review of what others have written or researched on concerning
the topic.
a. Methodology c. Reference
b. Literature Review d. Introduction
3. What part of research explains how the research was conducted?
a. Methodology c. Introduction
b. Literature Review d. Reference
4. ____________ presents the information gathered through the research.
a. Results c. Conclusion
b. Introduction d. Methodology
5. What section of research provides the summary of the study?
a. Literature Review c. Conclusion
b. Introduction d. Recommendation
6. ____________ is also called the Bibliography or a list of all the sources used in the
research.
a. Appendix c. Recommendation
b. Abstract d. Reference
7. ____________ contains other related information such as graphs, charts, tables, lists.
a. Reference c. Recommendation
b. Methodology d. Appendix
8. ____________ is the part of research that summarizes all sections and helps readers
decide whether or not to read the entire report.
a. Abstract c. Conclusion
b. Appendix d. Literature Review

What I Need to Know

Research plays an integral part in education and in people’s daily lives. In this
module you will learn about the distinguished technical terms used in research.
Objectives:
As you go through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. state a simple but comprehensive definition of research;

2. explain the different technical terms used in research;

3. differentiate quantitative and qualitative research; and

English 10 – Quarter 4 – Module 1 2

 4. explain the importance of research in daily life.

What’s in
In the previous lesson, you learned to illustrate the importance of qualitative
research across fields of inquiry. Research can be conducted in any field of
knowledge. Whatever field you belong you can freely choose the basic research
approaches either the scientific, naturalistic or mixed. The areas of disciplines that are
classified into soft and hard sciences assist you to understand where you really fit.
These will guide you into this next learning of familiarizing the technical terms used
in research.

What’s New
Having yourself familiarized with the different technical terms used in research will help
you easily understand the process in writing research. Your teacher may assign you a particular
topic but often requires you to choose a topic that interests you. In this lesson, you are given
the guidelines on the proper use of research terms. These pointers will guide you in writing
your research from beginning to end. Other matters like familiarization of the research process
and parts of research are provided. Likewise the sources of information are important for you
to know where your research topic may come from.

Activity 1.A. What is Research?

Directions: Encircle the words in the box that are related to the definition of research.

biases instrument theories factual investigation

intuition discovery system subjective interview

dreams experiences data phenomena guessing

productivity drama validate opinions Literature

Activity 1B. Using the encircled words, formulate your own definition of research. Use the blanks
provided.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

English 10 – Quarter 4 – Module 1 3

What is Research?
Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection,
presentation, analysis, and interpretation of facts that lines an individual’s speculation with
reality.
Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs, guesses or theories.
In research a systematic and well-planned procedure is required to meet the need in order
that information is acquired and evaluate its accuracy and effectiveness.
It is a process of inquiring.

Differentiate Inquiry from Research

Inquiry is a term that is synonymous with the word ‘investigation’. When you inquire or
investigate, you tend to ask questions to probe or examine something to request for truth,
information, or knowledge.

Research is an organized and objective creation of knowledge which is systematic (with a system
or method, the scientific method), objective (no bias, all angles presented), and knowledge creation
(a creative process).

Activity 2: Question and Answer

Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers on the space provided.

1. In your understanding, what is research?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. What is inquiry and its nature?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Give 3 importance of research in your life.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What Is It?
Technical Terms Used in Research
1. Abstract. This part of research summarizes all sections and helps the readers decide
whether or not to read the entire report.

English 10 – Quarter 4 – Module 1 4

 2. Problem. In research, problem is a statement clarifying what the research is all about. It
states the general problem and the specific statements of the problem in question form. The
problem stated are the targets of the researcher to be given answers as results of the study.
3. Background of study. This part of research provides the reason why a researcher has to
make a certain study. The background serves as a bridge that connects a present situation
to the present study.
4. Scope and limitation. This provides the reader the boundaries as to where the study is to
be covered. It states a specific place, event, or people under study.
5. Literature review. Provides a review of studies, published or unpublished, that others have
written or researched on concerning a topic under study.
6. Hypothesis. A statement in research which is tentative assumption made in order to draw
out and test its logical and empirical consequences.
7. Methodology. It basically presents and explains how that research is conducted. It includes
how data would be gathered, interpreted, and analyzed.
8. Results. The final data gathered by the researcher which is analyzed and interpreted, or
treated statistically.
9. Data. The information gathered from the participants or correspondents.
10. Analysis. The discussion, evaluation, and interpretation of the results of the research
11. Conclusion. Provides a comprehensive summary of the research. Usually, conclusion is
based from the results or data.
12. Recommendation. Considered to be the only part of research which the researcher claim
to be his own. Recommendation is borne out of the results of a study.
13. Appendix. Written at the end of research which contains related
information such as graphs, charts, tables, and list.
14. Research Instrument. The questionnaire or set of questions asked to
gather information in a survey. It can also mean the observation and
interview protocol which are prepared by a researcher before conducting
interview and observation.
15. Correspondence or participants. This pertains to the research-
participants who will be the subject of the study, or participants who
will be the source of data for research.
16. Significance of the study. Shows the benefits of the study to address issues and problems,
in improving economic and health conditions or even finding solutions to problems
encountered in daily life.

SEVEN STEPS OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Step 1. Define and develop your topic (Research Problem).
Step 2. Find background information about your chosen topic (Review of Related
Literature).
Step 3. Plan your research design including your sample (Methodology).
Step 4. Gather necessary data using open ended questions (for qualitative research)
and closed-ended questionnaire or paper pencil test
questionnaire for quantitative research (Data Gathering Activities).
Step 5. Process and analyze data using thematic analysis for qualitative
research and statistical tools for quantitative research.
Step 6. Formulate new insights gained for qualitative research, conclusions for
quantitative research and recommendations.
Step 7. Define new problem.
English 10 – Quarter 4 – Module 1 5
What’s More
Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Activity 3
Directions: Determine whether each word or group of words indicates Qualitative Research or
Quantitative Research.
___________________1. Objective
___________________2. Subjective
___________________3. Naturalistic
___________________4. To validate the already constructed theory
___________________5. Open-Ended Questions
___________________6. Highly-structured Research
___________________7. Hypothesis
___________________8. Multiple Methods
___________________9. Pure words, phrases, sentences, compositions, and stories are used in
data analysis
___________________10. No criteria
Research has two broad methodologies; qualitative research and quantitative research.
Quantitative and qualitative researches are complementary methods that you can combine in your
research studies to get results that are both wide-reaching and profound. To get the best results
from these methods in your research, it’s important that you understand the differences between
them which you will study in this lesson.
 Quantitative data can help you see the big picture.
 Qualitative data adds the details and can also give a human voice to your survey results.

Difference: Qualitative Research versus Quantitative Research

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
It aims to create new theory based on The purpose is to test a hypothesis
Objective the gathered data. or theory.

A fact-finding research used to gain Measures problem using rating

understanding of individual scale and other research
differences in terms of feelings and parameters of group similarities
experiences.
-natural setting -measurement setting
DATA -making stories out of a certain -performs measures out of a
DESCRIPTION phenomenon certain phenomenon.
-Uses pictures, words, - Uses numbers, scales,
sentences, paragraphs, hypotheses, calculations,
compositions, narrations and computations and statistics
short stories tools
SAMPLE (SIZE) Small judgment (by decision) Large sample representatives of
sampling population
INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE
ACTIVITIES The researcher starts with the Starts from a hypothesis or
observations, an open mind without already created theory
English 10 – Quarter 4 – Module 1 6
 biases, gathering all exact details of emphasizing the previously
the topic and generalization or new researched phenomenon from
theory is given towards the end of different views (tested against
the research process. observations)
Uses both inductive and deductive
DATA They are not mutually exclusive with each other in research.
DISCUSSIONS AND Deductive or “top-down “if discussion is from the overall mean
PRESENTATION going to the lowest and highest means, deductive.

Opinions are based on experience or Opinions are based on laws, rules,

observation. There are no criteria used or other recognized principles.
in data discussions.
Synthesize data, interpret, Statistical
DATA ANALYSIS thematic.
Subjective Objective
Data analysis is influenced by The researcher employs
the personal experiences and standard criteria in analyzing
views. data.

Cultivates understanding with Endorse a development.

OUTCOME high validity. Has high output replicability.
There are no conclusions Conclusion is formulated
formulated. towards the end of the research.

Additional Activities
Activity 1: Question and Answer
Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
1. How do you define the two designs of research: qualitative and quantitative?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. What are the differences and similarities between these methods?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Importance of Research in Daily Life
Every day you encountered various problems in any facets of life be it social, political,
environmental and personal. It may link between persons, groups or an organization. In this case,
there must be a solution not only to resolve it but can be a progress that everybody benefited from
it. As a learner how can you find a solution to these problems that is based on knowledge not on
ordinary beliefs, predictions or theories? You need to have this knowledge through organized and
well-planned procedures that are accurate and useful. Thus you need to do research.
English 10 – Quarter 4 – Module 1 7
Assessment
A. Answer the following questions.
1. How important is research in your daily life activities?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Why is there a need to conduct research?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

B. Underline the words in the box that are related to the definition of research.

phenomena experiences theories discovery validate

biases interview investigation intuition dreams

guessing system instrument Literature drama

subjective factual opinions productivity data

English 10 – Quarter 4 – Module 1 8

Reference
Abdullah, S.N. (2018) .Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved
from http://www.academia.edu./ppt
Baraceros, E.L. (2016).Practical Research 1. Ist ed. Rex Book Store. Manila
Buenseco, D.B, Dacanay, D.E., Manalo, G.A. (2016).Department of Education Practical
Research 1. Teachers Guide .Ist ed. Lexicon Press, Inc. Pasig City
Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. Ist
ed.C & E Publishing Inc. Quezon City.

Answer Key

B.

5. True A. 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False

Post test

Qualitative 8. 4. Quantitative
Quantitative 7. 3. Qualitative
10. Quantitative 6. 2. Qualitative
9. Qualitative Qualitative 5. 1. Quantitative
Activity 3 –

Activity 2 – Answers may vary

Activity 1b – Answers may vary

Literature opinions validate drama productivity

guessing phenomena data experiences dreams

interview subjective system discovery intuition

investigation factual theories instrument biases

Activity 1a

8. A 6. D 4. A 2. B
7. D 5. C 3. A 1. B

Pretest
English 10 – Quarter 4 – Module 1 9
 RETURN THIS WORKSHEET TO YOUR T E ACHER !

English 10 – Quarter 4
MODULE 1 – WORKSHEET
MELC 1: Distinguish Technical Terms Used in Research

Name: _______________________________ Score: ____________________

Grade & Section: ______________________ English Teacher: _______________

Directions: Identify what technical terms in research are being described in the following
definitions.

1. _______________ This part of research summarizes all sections and helps the readers
decide whether or not to read the entire report.

2. _______________ In research, problem is a statement clarifying what the research is all

about. It states the general problem and the specific statements of the problem in question
form. The problem stated are the targets of the researcher to be given answers as results
of the study.

3. _______________ This provides the reader the boundaries as to where the study is to be
covered. It states a specific place, event, or people under study.

4. _______________ Provides a review of studies, published or unpublished, that others

have written or researched on concerning a topic under study.

5. _______________ A statement in research which is tentative assumption made in order

to draw out and test its logical and empirical consequences.

6. _______________ It basically presents and explains how that research is conducted. It

includes how data would be gathered, interpreted, and analyzed.

7. _______________The information gathered from the participants or correspondents.

8. _______________ Considered to be the only part of research which the researcher claim
to be his own. Recommendation is borne out of the results of a study.

9. _______________ Written at the end of research which contains related information such
as graphs, charts, tables, and list.

10. _______________ The questionnaire or set of questions asked to gather information in

a survey. It can also mean the observation and interview protocol which are prepared by a
researcher before conducting interview and observation.

English 10 – Quarter 4 – Module 1 10