1 Studentx27s Book Key

Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key
1 Do You Mind? F
Answers
Reading 1 sustain
2 cognitive
A 3 trauma
Answers 4 optimal
You can change most things wholly or in part, but not 5 empathetic
genetics. 6 determinant
B Vocabulary
Answers
A brain injury caused the change. The physical A
environment was the cause as it was the result of Answers
an accident. 1 misspent
2 dysfunctional
C 3 maladjusted
Answers 4 aberrant
It focused on what is going right in the lives of young 5 abnormal
people, rather than what is going wrong. 6 misanthrope
All of the prefixes have a negative meaning.
E
Answers B
1c 2d 3a 4b 5a 6d 7b 8c Answers
1c His miraculous survival, and the effects of the injury 1 venting
upon his character, made Gage an important case 2 bears
study for scientists concerned with the brain and 3 breeds
human behaviour. / Gage’s injuries provided the 4 swallow
first solid evidence for a link between brain trauma 5 conducted
and personality change. 6 exerting
2d The subsequent blast propelled the rod through 7 arouses
Gage’s left cheek, tore through his brain and 8 assert
exited through the top of his skull …
3a … he became … socially inappropriate. / It is C
involved in … inhibiting inappropriate behaviour … Answers
4b Today, research is still being conducted into 1 cynical
his condition and the majority of 2 Meticulous
introductory psychology textbooks mention 3 uneasy
Gage. His skull and the iron rod are on 4 obnoxious
display at the Warren 5 amiable
Anatomical Museum at Harvard University and are 6 eloquent
the most sought-out items there.
5a … 30-year study into childhood temperament and D
its impact on adult behaviours …/ … achieving Answers
optimal development and wellbeing. In measuring 1 obnoxious
positive development in young people … 2 amiable
6d In measuring positive development in young 3 cynical
people, researchers look for attributes and 4 eloquent
behaviours that enable them to take an active role 5 uneasy
in the community 6 meticulous
… (It can only refer to young people as they are
the group being studied in relation to taking an E
active role in the community, etc.) Answers
7b … have confidence that important organisations
1 vulnerable
in society would generally behave ethically and
2 distant
fairly
3 mutual
…
4 compatible
8c The findings are an invaluable resource for
5 inseparable
developing interventions and programmes that
6 platonic
reduce risks and also strengthen protective factors
7 unconditional
to assist optimal development.
8 devoted
Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 1

F B
Answers Answers
1 go back 1 I’ve been getting to know her. (It’s an ongoing
2 fell out situation, I’m still getting to know her.) I’ve got
3 drifted apart to know her. (I now know her quite well.)
4 settles down 2 The dog smelt terrible. (stative verb meaning
5 led … on the smell of the dog was terrible.)
6 come between The dog was smelling the flowers. (stative verb used
7 fit in to describe the dog’s action i.e. sniffing the
8 worked up flowers.)
9 get out of 3 The patient had forgotten to take her pills.
10 stick up for (once.) The patient had been forgetting to take
her pills. (repeatedly, over a period of time.)
G 4 They imagine themselves somewhere calm. (every
Answers time they meditate.) They are imagining
1 doing themselves somewhere calm. (right now in the
2 egging yoga class.)
3 winding 5 I understood the problem. (stative verb, never
4 stresses used in continuous tenses.) I was working on a
5 let solution. (action going on at or around a certain
6 chills time in the past.)
H C
Answers Answers
1 face 1 continuous
2 arm’s 2 simple
3 shoulder 3 continuous
4 chest 4 simple
5 head 5 simple
6 back
7 tongue D
8 foot Answers
9 elbow 1b 2c 3b 4a 5b 6b
10 neck
E
I Answers
Answers 1 didn’t mean
1 in 2 made
2 beside 3 forever
3 on 4 needs
4 in 5 had received
5 at 6 had been
6 on 7 has been
7 against 8 controls
8 in 9 tell
9 on 10 was studying
10 at
11 on F
12 out of Answers
1 have been making/have made, need
J 2 knew, was lying / knows, is lying
Answers 3 was falling, occurred
1b 2d 3c 4a 5b 6d 7b 8a 4 didn’t understand, had been following
5 doesn’t like, is thinking
Grammar 6 sold, is working
A
Answers G
1b 2a 3d 4c Answers
1 didn’t use to
2 used to can replace would for actions
(would/used to have deep conversations)
3 would can replace used to for actions (used
to/would go on for hours)
4 for states (used not to like, used to have one or
2 Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer
two very good friends)

H
Speaking
Answers
1c 2a 3b A
Answers
I One picture depicts a quiz show and the other an
Answers oral exam in a language class. On a quiz show the
stress, repeating, present, is not contestants introduce themselves to the audience.
In an exam they introduce themselves to the
J examiner. ‘Hello, I’m X/My name is X. I’m a friend
Answers of Y. I work at Z/I’m a student/ I’m X’s brother, etc.
2 after we took it Pleased/Nice to meet you.’
3 when they fought
4 while she talked B
5 as we catch up Answers
Students’ own answers, but should include the
K following: People use different degrees of formality
Answers depending on the situation and give different
1 used to information according to the situation, e.g., if
2 used not to making a complaint on the phone you might give your
3 do name, address and phone number, whereas in a social
4 does situation you might talk about your family or what
5 did you
6 has do for a living. At the doctor’s you would give your age
7 do and some details relating to your health; in a language
8 did class you might tell people where you are from, where
9 will you live and why you are learning the language.
10 did
C
L Answers
Answers Students’ own answers
1 do
2 Since
D
3 would Answers
4 have Yannis did better because he was friendlier, a bit more
5 used talkative, and used the right intonation
6 not
7 hardly E
8 no Answers
Students’ own answers
Listening
F
A Answers
Answers Students’ own answers
Students’ own answers, but could include the following.
A: working together to achieve a goal / the herd Ideas Focus
mentality / safety in numbers Answers
B: preferring to work on one’s own / concentration Students’ own answers
C: being picked on / excluded / singled out / bullied
B Writing: an essay (1)

Answers A
Students’ own answers Answers
1 negative peer pressure
C 2 young people/adolescents
Answers 3 factors that make people susceptible to peer
1g 2f 3c 4e 5d 6h 7a 8b pressure; how they can tackle the problem/ways
they can protect themselves against peer pressure
F 4 by giving specific reasons
1A 2A 3A 4B 5C 6A
B
Answers
1 desire
2 self-esteem
3 confidence
4 performance
5 fear
6 isolation
G
7 interests Answers
8 vulnerable Students’ own answers
9 dysfunctional
10 prone
H
It is universally agreed that evil is bad. Why then
C has it flourished? Perhaps it is because decent, law-
Answers abiding people have not spoken out against it or taken
Students’ own answers, but could include the measures to prevent it. The reasons for their
following: not wanting to be alone, natural for people reluctance are many, but how can these be overcome
to feel this way, want acceptance, etc. to turn inaction into action?
There is a time when good men and women must stand
D up for what is right, even when it involves risk, but
Suggested answers that moment comes only after evil has already been
well established. For instance, how many people could
positively or negatively = for better or for worse;
dictators have killed with no one to take their orders?
beneficially or adversely
How many people would have starved to death without
young people = adolescents; teens
obedient middlemen? With dutiful followers, however,
susceptible = vulnerable
evil rulers killed millions of people in the 20th century
tackle = handle; face; deal with
alone. Were it not for basically decent people ready
E to obey, evil would quickly fail. Such people would
not initiate destruction by themselves, but perhaps in
Answers
the name of duty, loyalty, or the greater good, they
Students’ own answers cooperate with evil. Perhaps they are driven by fear
F of repercussions should they not obey. Each one plays
only a small part in the misery brought upon others,
Answers and therefore they do not contemplate the results of
1 Yes, it is a good opening paragraph because it their actions – as far as they are concerned, it is
mentions every important point to be discussed in nothing to do with them.
the task. It paraphrases the essay prompt well. If obedience towards evil is rooted in fear, how can we
2 The first main paragraph focuses on the eliminate the fear? The answer may lie in our
particular risk factor; in this case, the desire to fit collective strength. Our history is full of instances of
in. Yes, it is stated in the topic sentence. revolution and rebellion – some peaceful, many
3 The second main paragraph focuses on a way to more bloody.
handle the kind of pressure and problems that Regimes, dictators and tyrants have been toppled
arise when young people want to fit in. Yes, it is by the will of the people. Surely this shows us that
stated in the topic sentence. a combined, concerted effort can face down evil
4 Yes, they are. and
5 Yes prevent it from causing further destruction. This
6 Yes, the style is formal and impersonal. The writer holds true for battles great and small. A good
has achieved this by using some advanced grammar illustration of this are the Neighbourhood Watch
such as the passive voice (have been identified, schemes that are in force in neighbourhoods around
can be used); a range of advanced vocabulary the world. Working together, residents patrol and
(undue influence, potentially serious consequences, protect their areas from criminals.
vitally important, contrary to, core value system, In summary, it would seem that people do not act to
assertive, non-confrontational, rears its ugly head prevent evil if by doing so they risk their own lives.
…); complex sentences (In the case of the latter, This fear can be overcome by working with others to
certain risk factors have been identified that can combat the evils of our times.
make young people prone to undue, and often
unwelcome, influence. / Peers play an important role
in a teenager’s life as adolescence is the time when Video 1 From the Same
the desire to fit in and find acceptance and approval
from the group is strongest. / At times though, the
Family
desire to either impress or gain acceptance by the
group becomes excessive, and can result in people
Before you watch
choosing to take risks with potentially serious A
consequences, etc.); formal linking words and Answers
phrases (however, nevertheless, in short).
7 By using such in When such situations arise to Students’ own answers
refer back to risks with potentially serious
consequences and behaviour that is extremely
While you watch
hurtful. B
8 the latter, When this occurs, For this reason Answers
Chimpanzees share all the characteristics in A with
humans.
C 3A … those hankering for the next big thing, should
Answers refund.
The aspect of their nature that is emphasised is their
resemblance to us.
D
Answers
1 repelled (00:10)
2 transformed (00:22)
3 resembles (00:34)
4 outright (00:38)
5 tender (00:45)
6 gestures (00:52)
After you watch

E
Answers
1 link
2 ancestors
3 struggles
4 expressions
5 invention
6 humanity
7 cultures
8 medicine
9 grasp
10 glimpse
Ideas Focus
Answers
2 Bright Ideas
Reading
A
Answers
B
Answers
C
Answers
D
Answers
Texts A and D
E
Answers
1B 2D 3A 4C 5A 6D 7C 8B 9A 10B
1B Although the camera … nowhere near as good
as the best phone cameras on the market …
for an asking price of £499, I would expect it
to be.
2D According to ABT, the phone is especially durable
and has withstood many drop tests. What did
they test it on? A soft pillow? I’m claiming a

look no further than Core’s X7i model.
4C But if you’ve found recent offerings to be
underwhelming, ABT’s new Genius4 isn’t likely
to make you deviate from that position.
5A … the typical Android phone was … Then
along came ABT with its breakthrough
Genius1 … the best-looking Android phone of
its time, inspiring many firm followers and
prompting a slew of copycats.
6D I didn’t do any research … All I knew was that
it had to be attractive. Some might scoff, but
that’s a genuine concern for a lot of phone
buyers.
7C And although the Genius4 is surely better
than any of the versions that preceded it …
8B Unfortunately for ABT, the granny market
was not what they had in mind for the
Genius4. Print and TV ads, brimming with 20-
somethings … are testament to that. The
phone, however, doesn’t measure up for that
demographic.
9A Since ABT’s competitors took note of the
Genius’ radical design, the market has been
flooded
with look-alike devices, thus rendering the new
Genius4 model generic and unexciting.
10B My grandmother makes and receives calls
… nothing too challenging – simple text, no
attachments … her requirements are the most
basic. The Genius4 would suit her to a T.
F
Answers
1 iconic
2 underwhelming
3 firm
4 minimalist
5 hefty
6 durable
7 radical
8 generic
Vocabulary
A
Answers
1 deduce
2 eminent
3 emitted
4 principles
5 sensors
6 eradicating
7 fission
8 ingenious
B
Answers
2, 3, 1
1a dissolves
1b
disintegrated
1c decomposed
2a interpret
2b analysed
2c inferred
3a compute
3b calculate Grammar
3c estimated A
C Answers
Answers 1 Don’t wait until the last minute! All the best
1 underline: obsolete, outdated; circle: advanced tickets will have gone.
2 Will you be transferring the funds electronically?
2 underline: functional, utilitarian; circle: impractical
3 The tech company is to move its headquarters
3 underline: groundbreaking, revolutionary; circle:
to Japan.
conventional
4 You’re to text me when you get home.
4 underline: concrete, tangible; circle: abstract
5 I shan’t talk to you until you take your
D headphones off!
Answers B
1 digital native Answers
2 operating system
1d 2c 3b 4a 5e
3 active users
4 security breach C
5 computer literacy
Answers
6 artificial intelligence
7 search engine present tenses
8 information technology we use: once, before, after, as soon as, immediately,
the moment, the minute, the second, until
E
D
Answers
Answers
1 at
2 up 1 Once artificial intelligence has developed,
3 behind humans will be in trouble.
present perfect simple to show one action finishes
4 By
before another starts
5 off
2 As soon as the plane lands, they’ll announce
6 on
its arrival.
7 outside
present simple to show one action follows another
8 in
immediately
9 before
3 While you are browsing our products you’ll notice
10 out of
our opening offers.
11 ahead
present continuous to show one action happening at
12 within
the same time as another in the future
F 4 After I’ve been diving all morning, I’ll be
very relaxed.
Answers
present perfect continuous to show one action will
1 inconclusive be in progress before another
2 negligently
3 misinterpret E
4 longevity Answers
5 incurable 1 are to
6 unprecedented 2 have logged
7 perseverance 3 has had
8 emissions 4 just about
G 5 shan’t bother, turn
6 are shopping, will
Answers
1 more or less F
2 time after time Answers
3 wear and tear 1 will progress
4 touch and go 2 ✓
5 little by little 3 change
6 back and forth 4 ✓
7 safe and sound 5 will deteriorate
8 back to front 6 ✓
H 7 ✓
8 will fit
Answers
9 ✓
1D 2C 3B 4A 5C 6D 7B 8A 10 ✓

G M
Answers Suggested answers
1 as soon as 1 Scientists are on the verge of creating a vaccine
2 just about to for the common cold.
3 While 2 I’m looking forward to starting my new job
4 Once in electrical engineering.
5 until 3 There are a lot of interesting new projects on
the way.
H 4 Given the lack of funding, I foresee a bleak future
Answers for scientific research in this country.
1 We hope (that) we will see you. 5 Robots have now replaced all warehouse staff. To
We expect (that) we will arrive early. be honest, it was bound to happen sooner or later.
We anticipate (that) there will be a few problems. 6 Jason is busy preparing his presentation for the
2 ‘Hope’ implies that we want something to happen upcoming launch of the new smartphone.
in the future.
‘Expect’ and ‘anticipate’ imply that something is N
likely to happen in the future. Answers
1a 2b 3d 4b 5d 6c 7c 8d 9a 10d
I
Answers Listening
1a 2c 3b
A
J Answers
Answers Students’ own answers, but could include the
would, was/were going to, Past Continuous following. There is no wi-fi; the phone has fallen into a
swimming pool; the phone has been dropped and
K screen broken. The owner feels annoyed / frustrated /
Answers helpless / angry. The owner should move to a place
The organisers of the technology exhibition, which is fast with a signal; retrieve the phone and attempt to dry
approaching, do not envisage any problems. They plan to it / take it to a repair centre.
hire extra staff to cope with the numbers as they predict
that attendance will be record-breaking. The press fears B
that it will be a disaster, and the public dread the effect Answers
on the city’s transport system. The organisers however, Students’ own answers
who are counting on everything running smoothly,
foresee a resounding success and say we can look forward E
to the best exhibition ever, with all the major tech Answers
companies showing off their new products and gadgets Task 1
that are in the pipeline. There will be plenty of surprises 1 E
in store and rumour has it the unveiling of some great 2 B
innovations is on the cards. As always, I’ll keep you
3 H
posted on this and other upcoming tech events.
4 A
L 5 C
Answers Task 2
neutral positive negative very soon very unexpected 6 D
probable
7 H
verbs foresee hope fear expect 8 B
envisage look dread anticipate
plan forward count on
9 F
anticipate to 10 A
expect
phrases on the way be looming am (just) is bound in store Speaking

in be brewing about to to /
the offing
in the
upon us
on the
certain
/ sure
A
pipeline verge of to be
Answers
in store on the on
point of the cards Students’ own answers
on the
brink of C
Answers
adjectives impending imminent
forthcoming Students’ own answers
upcoming
approaching Ideas Focus
Answers

Writing: a review (1) You don’t have to have any knowledge of science
A
Answers
Circle: State Science Fair, Darwin Centre, science,
technology, engineering and maths
Underline: science-mad friend, wasn’t particularly keen,
science is for nerds, reluctantly agreed
B
Answers
1 Yes. It is the State Science Fair at the Darwin
Centre and he visited it last week.
2 By asking questions; by using informal language
(science-mad, nerd)
3 Yes
C
Answers
1 a technology exhibition
2 describe the technology exhibition; say what you
enjoyed most about it; explain why it is worth
visiting
3 Students’ own answers
D
Answers
It’s a long walk around the entire collection before
reaching the tech exhibition; waiting for ages before
being able to play the video games
E
Answers
1 They tell a story / set the scene /
provide background.
2 No
3 Yes
F
Answers
1 a hand-held device
2 a labour-saving gadget
3 a user-friendly interface
4 a once-in-a-lifetime experience
5 a fuel-powered engine
6 a long-life battery
G
Answers
H
Suggested answers
As someone who was never any good at science
while at school, I was tempted to give the National
Science Museum a miss when my friends suggested
going. I’d always felt that physics and maths were
too
complicated for me, and wondered what – if anything –
I would find of interest at the museum. As it turned
out, there was more than enough to engage me.
With six floors of interactive and educational
exhibits, this museum will fascinate people of all
ages. It covers everything from early technology to
space travel.
to appreciate the exhibits, which is what makes it 10 landscape
so thoroughly enjoyable. And if you want to learn
a
little more, the interactive screens dotted around the
galleries provide loads of interesting facts.
Walking through the museum, I was totally
enthralled by everything I saw, but the highlight for
me was ‘Man in Space’, which traces the history of
our earliest space exploration. This was the time
when Russia
and the USA were locked in a race to be the first to
enter space. The exhibition features real rockets
and satellites, plus a full-size replica of the lander
that took Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to the
moon in 1969. When you see how small it was, you
really appreciate the courage of the astronauts who
travelled in it.
The great thing about the museum is that it
approaches science from the perspective of the
average person. The explanations are in language that
anyone can understand, and this makes a visit very
worthwhile. Just make sure you go during the week as
it gets pretty crowded at the weekend.
The National Science Museum is extraordinary and
incredibly engaging. So don’t be put off by the
notion that science is ‘too hard’ or ‘too boring’. Do
yourself a favour and go along as soon as you can.
You won’t be disappointed!
Video 2 Neon Seas

Before you
watch A
Answers
They are taken in the ocean. They show a variety of
marine life, some of which are fluorescent.
B
Answers
1c 2b 3d 4a
While you
watch C
Answers
1 T (00:13)
2 F (00:38)
3 T (00:50)
4 T (00:58)
5 F (01:17)
6 T (01:40)
After you
watch D
Answers
1 coral
2 occurrence
3 diversity
4 function
5 filters
6 world
7 behaviour
8 reef
9 serenity

11
Ideas Focus D: the remarks
Answers E: They’re not alone
Students’ own answers F: She
G: Later that same week
Review 1 (Units 1 & 2) H: is also available
D
Grammar Revision Answers
A 1B 2F 3D 4A 5H 6E 7G
Answers (paragraph C is not needed)
1D 2A 3B 4C 5B 6A 7C 8D E
B Answers
Answers 1 prevalent
2 destitute
9 native
3 traumatic
10 large
4 humbling
11 hardly/not
5 selfless
12 Owing/Due
13 Contrary
14 users Vocabulary
15 used A
16 by Answers
C 1 conscience
Answers 2 suppress
3 persecuted
17 cynical
4 affluent
18 philosophical 5 disperse
19 unconventional 6 immigrating
20 dysfunctional 7 empathy
21 eminent 8 condemned
22 unorthodox
23 abnormal B
24 impassive Answers
D 1 is an advocate
Answers 2 Blatant disregard for
3 caused the residents great alarm
25 will be upon us
4 is an assault on democracy
26 is off limits to visitors 5 It is the activists’ endeavour/The endeavour of
27 can’t work up any enthusiasm for the activists is
28 advised me to keep a cool head 6 suffered abuse
29 what Tilly gets out of doing 7 get a ban on smoking
30 was beside himself after 8 is in favour of
The noun forms are the same as the verbs.
3 Right On! C
Reading Answers
A
Answers
B
Answers
Soup kitchens; food rescuing / stopping food waste;
money for food purchases
C
Answers
A: One
B: It’s simple
C: They’re looking
a
a a a a a
a rally human a fuss
workplace product factory protest campaign
chain

boycott ✓
form ✓
hold ✓ ✓
make ✓
mount ✓ ✓
occupy ✓ ✓
picket ✓ ✓
stage ✓ ✓

13
D
Grammar
Answers
Positive: benevolent, humane, just, merciful, tolerant A
Negative: apathetic, brutal, callous, corrupt, prejudiced Answers
1 humane a have been made
2 prejudiced b were arrested
3 merciful c is expected
4 corrupt d was blocked
5 tolerant
6 brutal B
7 benevolent Answers
8 apathetic 1b 2a 3c 4d
9 just
10 callous C
Answers
E
1I 2T 3I 4T
Answers 2 The injured demonstrator was taken to hospital.
1 corrupt 4 The parliament building was occupied by the group.
2 tolerant
3 apathetic D
4 just Answers
5 prejudiced 1 is being discussed
6 humane 2 are being reviewed
3 is being constructed
F
4 are being held
Answers 5 is suspected
1f 2h 3a 4c 5b 6e 7d 8g 6 have been scrutinised
7 has been arrested
G 8 is being attacked
Answers
1 jump E
2 bury Answers
3 brought Students’ own answers. 1 is perhaps better style.
4 fell
5 came F
6 got Answers
7 spared 1 The right to vote was won by women after a
8 turn hard struggle.
2 The anti-fur campaign is supported by many
H
celebrities.
Answers 3 Modern day slavery is still being fought.
4 Have people with disabilities been given equal rights
dis- in- un- under- by the government?
disobedience inequality unbiased underfed 5 These laws should be tightened.
6 People were advised to leave their homes by the
disorder injustice unequal underpaid hurricane forecast.
dispossessed intolerance unmerciful underprivileged G
Answers
I 1 appear
Answers 2 is being
1 activists 3 imposition of
2 inequality 4 had been
3 unlawful 5 has since died
4 injustice 6 being reviewed
5 unjust
6 disobedience H
7 demonstrators/demonstrations Answers
8 justifiably 1 Feminists were responsible for the obliteration
of the posters.
2 There will be a loss of hundreds of jobs with the
closure of the factory. / The closure of the factory
will mean the loss of hundreds of jobs. / The
closure of the factory will result in hundreds of job

losses.

15
3 The destruction of the environment continues/is which fair prices are paid to the producers.
happening at an alarming rate.
4 Equal pay for women is still not a reality in many
industries. / Equal pay for women still doesn’t exist
in many industries. / Equal pay for women still
hasn’t been achieved in many industries. / Women
still do not receive equal pay in many industries.
5 Redundancy at 50 is a problem for
many breadwinners.
I
Answers
1f 2a 3d 4c 5b 6e 7g
J
Answers
1b 2c 3d 4e 5a 6f
1 Although the children were young, the photographer
got them to smile for the camera.
2 There were only a few volunteers, but they
worked hard and the job was done efficiently.
3 The animal welfare campaign got people to adopt
lots of strays.
4 The asylum seekers got their papers checked by the
authorities.
5 The schoolteacher had her pupils helping the
homeless.
6 The coastguard got the captain to give his position
when he radioed for help
K
Answers
1 got
2 talking
3 got
4 had
5 passed
6 investigate
7 got
L
Answers
1 got -> get
2 did -> done
3 explained -> explain
4 he -> him
5 accepting -> accepted
6 fix -> fixed
7 have -> had
M
Answers
1 is said to have been
2 had been badly treated by/had been treated badly by
3 had its/their website shut down
4 still under construction
5 suspect’s human rights were violated /human
rights of the suspect were violated
Listening
A
Answers
Fair trade is trade between companies in developed
countries and producers in developing countries in

B 3 explain the importance of their contribution
Answers
1 T
2 T
3 T
4 T
5 F
6 T
C
Answers
1b 2d 3c 4a 5f 6e
E
Answers
1b 2a 3b 4a 5b 6a 7c 8b
Speaking
A
Answers
B
Answers
D
Answers
Ideas Focus
Answers
Writing: an article (1)

A
Answers
B
Answers
1a, b 2a 3a 4b 5a 6b 7b 8b
C
Answers
1 a person who has made a valuable contribution
2 their character
3 Students’ own answers, but could include
raising money, raising public awareness about
an issue, petitioning government to bring about
change
4 in an explanation of the importance of the contribution
D
Answers
petitioning government to change its approach to
shelter for the homeless
E
Answers
1 describe the person
2 talk about what they have done

17
F I constantly hear heart-warming stories resulting
Answers from these visits. For the elderly residents who
Main paragragh 1 have
Students should underline, Maria is small in stature, experienced the trauma of giving up their own beloved
but her heart is huge. / It answers the question, pets, a regular visit from a friendly dog does wonders
Who is this ‘someone else’? Let me tell you. for their morale and gives them something to look
Main paragragh 2 forward to. As for the dogs, they love the attention
Students should underline, That experience and the treats they get!
taught her a lot about human nature. / That Don’t think twice about it. I encourage anyone who has
experience refers back to the fact that people spare time and a placid pooch to enquire about getting
were eager to help. involved. Even if, like me, you don’t have a pet, there
Main paragragh 3 are ways you can help. Look into it – you won’t regret
Students should underline, Needless to say, the it
benefits are enormous. / the benefits links back to
living in a home. Video 3 Dirty Energy
Conclusion
Students should underline, Isn’t it amazing how one Before you watch
person can bring about so much change? / so much
change refers back to the benefits and opportunities A
that living in a home bring. Answers
The photos show air pollution from a coal power plant,
G and a form of renewable energy (wind energy).
Answers Students should tick dirty energy, impact on climate,
1 not very important alternatives exist and outdated plant. Coal is relatively
2 persuade someone who is reluctant cheap and supplies are not limited, so these statements
3 it is already understood are not true.
4 a home of your own
5 have an important effect on something While you watch
6 do as another person did before
B
H Answers
Suggested answer The video mentions dirty energy, impact on climate,
It’s a dog’s life alternatives exist and outdated plant.
What does it take to make a huge difference in C

someone’s life? Would you be surprised to learn that Answers
all you need is a friendly pet and few hours a week? 1 relying (00:18)
But let me back up a bit. When my elderly neighbour 2 deeply (00:24)
moved into aged care, I decided to visit her one 3 luxury (00:31)
Sunday. I wasn’t sure what to expect: Would she 4 right (00:38)
feel depressed at having to leave her own home? 5 significant (00:48)
I needn’t have worried. An amazing charity called 6 injustice (00:53)
Pet Set had taken care of that. Sitting by her side
was a big white English Bulldog, Winston. It was After you watch
Winston’s job to offer companionship to the elderly
residents,
D
and this he did with great success. Apparently, Winston Answers
visited three times a week and raised everyone’s 1 shut down
spirits. Speaking with his owner, I learned that Pet Set 2 breathe
volunteers take their good-natured dogs to places like 3 run
aged care facilities and hospitals to help improve the 4 contribute
wellbeing of residents and patients. 5 Quit
‘What a great idea!’ I thought. Wanting to take 6 power
part, but not having a pet, I offered my time as an 7 grow up
administration officer. Twice a week, I work the 8 introduce
phones and organise the volunteers. Knowing that I’m 9 call on
doing something worthwhile with my time is important 10 provide
to me. Getting to know the dogs and seeing the joy
they bring is an added bonus. Ideas Focus
Answers

4 Express Yourself D
Answers
Reading Verb Noun Adjective
A - analogy (1) analogous
Answers contradict (2) contradiction (3) contradictory
(4) detraction/
detract -
B detractor
Answers (6) diverse /
diversify (5) diversity
Students’ own answers diversified
C dominate (7) domination (8) dominant

Answers (10) homogenised /
homogenise (9) homogenisation
The first test used snail mail/regular mail to deliver a homogeneous
physical package. In the later tests, the ‘package’ - (11) proximity proximate
was an electronic message – email in the first case
and instant message in the other. shrink (12) shrinkage (13) shrunken
D E
Answers
Answers
Option A states an indisputable fact, but it does not
1 contradiction
answer question 1.
2 shrinkage
E 3 analogous
4 proximity
Answers
5 detractors
1B 2C 3D 4A 5C 6A 6 dominates
F 7 homogenised
8 Diversity
Answers
1 the man in the street F
2 gain acceptance Answers
3 at my expense 1d 2f 3a 4c 5e 6b
4 To all intents and purposes
5 The beauty of G
6 display herd mentality Answers
1b 2a 3c 4a 5b 6c
Vocabulary
I
A Answers
Answers 1b 2c 3d 4a 5c 6c 7b 8a
1c 2a 3b 4d 5d 6c 7b 8a
Grammar
B
Answers A
1 long-lost Answers
2 thick Modals are followed by the bare infinitive
3 famously a send (present infinitive)
4 speaking b be driving (present continuous infinitive)
5 wrong c not have checked (perfect infinitive)
6 acquaintance d have been waiting (perfect continuous infinitive)
7 best of friends e be turned off (passive simple infinitive)
8 one-sided f have been read (passive perfect infinitive)
C B
Answers Answers
1 crowdfunding 1f 2a 3b, c, e 4d
2 meme
3 tag
C
4 avatar Answers
5 clickbait a could / were able
6 trending to, b were not allowed
7 bio to, c didn’t have to
8 emoticon d wouldn’t
19
e would
f was able to, could/was able to
K
The modals in bold have to change when the idea is Answers
expressed in the past. 1 can’t
2 don’t have to
D 3 Oughtn’t I
Answers 4 mustn’t
1c 2a, f 3b 4e 5d 5 shouldn’t
6 couldn’t
E
Answers L
1 Her phone may/ might/could well be turned off. Answers
/ Her phone must be turned off. 1 can’t
2 The video may/might/could well go viral. 2 shouldn’t
3 The number of people with Internet access 3 couldn’t
may/ could/might well keep growing. 4 mustn’t
4 We had better close the social media account. 5 Ought not
5 He could/should have told me he would post that 6 needn’t/don’t have to
photo of me as a baby!
6 Do they have to brag about their children on M
social media? Answers
7 Try as he might, he couldn’t get the hang of small 1 may/might/could
talk. 2 all
8 Sociable though he may/might be, he prefers to 3 be
spend time with one or two friends./ Sociable 4 are
he may/might be, but he prefers to spend time 5 have/need/tend
with one or two friends 6 might
9 The manager can’t come to the phone right now. 7 able
10 Can I call you back? 8 not
F Listening
Answers
1 can’t
A
2 could’ve Answers
3 needn’t Students’ own answers
4 well
5 be able to B
6 to have Answers
1 I think you already know that no language is
G straightforward.
Answers It goes without saying that no language is
1 must have written straightforward.
2 needn’t/mustn’t worry Naturally, no language is straightforward.
3 might/may/could/must have got lost 2 For example / To give an example, Chinese
4 couldn’t/can’t have been joking is notoriously difficult to master.
5 must/should/ought to come, can’t/couldn’t/won’t 3 There are, I think /-, thousands of words in
the English language.
H 4 He speaks three languages, still / but you know,
Answers that’s not uncommon there.
can’t, obligation, oughtn’t to 5 By the way / I forgot to tell you, I met someone
yesterday who knows you.
I 6 In fact / In actual fact / I’d like to point out /
Answers To be honest, learning sign language isn’t as
hard as people think.
needn’t have, didn’t need to
7 They didn’t know the language, but they
J enjoyed the trip in spite of that / despite that /
Answers all the same.
8 It’s hard to say which language is more
a I don’t dare to open the email in case it is infected. difficult; I mean / you know, they are both
b Her online profile is misleading. Do I need to hard.
say more? 9 To be frank / Frankly / I have to admit /confess,
c You don’t need to worry about me; I have a I don’t understand this text.
busy social life. 10 The message is a bit vague; what I mean is / how
d She doesn’t dare to comment for fear of can I put it? / basically I’ve no idea what it
offending someone. means
e Don’t you dare to read my diary! It’s private!

E 3 your experiences using social media, the
Answers reasons why some people use social media, and
1B 2C 3C 4A 5D an assessment of the future impact of social
media
Speaking 4 probably five: introduction, one each for the
points to be discussed, and a conclusion
A
Answers E
B
Answers F
Tick 2, 4, 6,
C 1 Inversion: Nor do I wish to …
Answers 3 Passive voice: be bombarded with, is generated by
Students’ own answers the user
5 Cleft sentences: What it must never do
E 7 Emotive, subjective language: truly annoying
Answers
G
Answers
Ideas Focus Tick 1, 4, 5
Students’ own answers 1 People who are normal in real life seem to change
personality online.
Writing: a letter (1) 4 I am not a fan of social networking and
A therefore avoid it.
5 What kind of person checks his social media account
Answers
countless/dozens of times a day/endlessly?
Letter for Article for Essay for
publication magazine teacher Useful Expressions
the most formal ✓ H
Suggested answers
the least formal ✓ Dear Sir,
has a greeting ✓
I would like to give my views on the benefits of social
has an ending ✓ media. Many articles and research papers have been
can have written on the adverse effects of the medium, but I
first-person ✓ ✓ believe there are a number of positive aspects to its
sentences use. Personally, I use social media to keep in touch
with friends and family who live far away. I enjoy
explains reason receiving their news and updates as it brings me closer
for writing
✓
to them despite the distance that separates us. In
addition, social media has enabled me to make contact
B with
Answers long-lost friends from school. Being able to reconnect
with an old friend is a wonderful thing, and I have social
1c 2a 3b 4c
media to thank for it.
C Were it not for social media, many people who live
Answers in isolation would be cut off from the rest of
society. Those who are house-bound due to illness
1 Formal: Dear Sir/Madam, Dear Mrs Jones, Dear or family circumstances need an outlet, and social
Editor, Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully; Informal: Hi media provides this. They can stay in contact with
Oliver, All the best friends or
2 Dear Mrs Jones, Yours sincerely / because you know family elsewhere, or even use social media as a way
her (name) to have some harmless fun and break up the boredom
3 Dear Sir/Madam, Dear Editor, Yours faithfully or drudgery of their lives.
/ because you don’t know them or their name Going forward, what I see is a continued role of social
D media in my life. As I plan to travel extensively in the
future, social media will enable me to keep my family
Answers
informed of my movements, and share with them the
1 the impact of social media on our lives places that I intend to visit. Social media will also play a
2 no role in my career once I complete my studies and enter
21
the workforce.

Social media is unparalleled as a means of staying in
touch with loved ones, and reestablishing contact
B
with friends from the past. In addition, it is a godsend Answers
for the isolated and lonely. It serves a very useful 9 under
purpose as long as it doesn’t become the epicentre of 10 get/keep
one’s existence. 11 are
12 can’t/cannot
Yours faithfully, 13 all
14 have/need
Jane Barkin 15 chances
16 can
Video 4 Elephant Alert C
Answers
Before you watch
17 unjust
A 18 benevolent
Answers 19 unlawful
1b 2c 3d 4a 20 dominant
21 activists
B 22 brutal
Answers 23 diverse
24 detractors
India. Text messages can warn people that elephants
are in the area. D
Answers
While you watch
25 have no option but to cancel
C 26 doesn’t dare quit for fear of/dare not quit for fear of
Answers 27 to get hold of Faye
1 T (00:01) 28 get all the work done
2 T (00:12) 29 may not have checked
3 F (00:46) 30 gets along famously with
4 T (01:15)
5 T (01:50)
6 F (03:00)
5 If At First You Don’t
Succeed …
After you watch
D Reading
Answers A
1 roaming Answers
2 common
3 scattered
4 preventable B
5 sufficient Answers
6 warning
7 bulk
8 cautious C
9 accidental
Answers
10 primary
They keep them off the streets and provide supervision.
Ideas Focus
D
Answers
Answers
1D 2G 3E 4A 5F 6C 7H
Paragraph B is not needed.
Review 2 (Units 3 & 4)
E
Grammar Revision Answers
A 1c 2e 3a 4f 5b 6d
Answers
Vocabulary
1D 2C 3A 4B 5A 6C 7B 8D
A
Answers
1 mean, inspiration
2 determination, broken
23
3 aspiration, fast
4 high, perseverance
I
5 rough, prevalence Answers
6 bleak, adversity 1 in
7 dashed, fulfillment 2 In
8 setback, dampen 3 to
4 in
B 5 on
Answers 6 around
1d 2e 3b 4a 5f 6c 7 at
C J
Answers Answers
1 initiative 1D 2C 3A 4B 5C 6A 7D 8B
2 ineptness
3 attainment
Grammar
4 recognition A
5 anguish Ian’s dad was an alcoholic and his mum abandoned
6 backbone him. He got involved with a gang. He didn’t have a
7 aptitude strong male role model. He felt worthless. Potential
8 lethargy employers can’t trust him, so they don’t give him
work. He has a criminal record, so he will have
D difficulties finding a job. He has not been given a
Answers second chance. He needs support and more
1f 2h 3e 4a 5c 6g 7d 8b opportunities to change.
E B
Answers Answers
1 fell in with unless means if not
2 got caught up in as long as/provided that mean on condition that
3 write them off supposing means what if or imagine if
4 slipped up given means if Ian is given (this is the past participle
5 held him back of the verb)
6 think ahead
7 set out C
8 leapt at Answers
1 If they had caught the ringleader, they would
F have arrested him.
Answers If they caught the ringleader, they would arrest him.
1 went 2 correct
2 plucked 3 correct
3 throw 4 If she had known that she was making a mistake,
4 making she would never have agreed.
5 stand 5 correct
6 got 6 correct
7 fell
8 blew D
9 hold Answers
10 pick 1 would reoffend/would have reoffended
2 Were … ask, would say
G 3 is recognised, should not be approached
Answers 4 Had … been, would have used
1b 2c 3f 4e 5d 6a 5 had not intervened, would have escalated
6 will be released, behaves
Ideas Focus
H E
1 turned over a new leaf If Max’s parents hadn’t been rich, they wouldn’t have
2 was sucked in by sent him to the best private school. If he hadn’t gone
3 bigging himself up to this school, he might not have got good grades. If
he hadn’t got good grades, he wouldn’t have got into a
4 sort your life out
top university. If he hadn’t graduated from university,
5 a leopard never changes its spots
he wouldn’t have expected to find a good job. If his
6 putting yourself down
mum’s friend hadn’t helped him, he wouldn’t have
found a
job in a multinational company.
He wouldn’t have got where he
is today if he hadn’t had a lot of
help.

25
F People write their goals and aspirations on a bucket
Answers list, for example things to do, places to visit,
1 Supposing challenges to overcome.
2 Would Students’ own answers
3 what if
4 Would
B
5 given Answers
6 Were you 1c 2d 3e 4b 5a 6f
7 On condition The expressions in 1-6 are more informal.
8 Whether
C
G Answers
Answers a her bucket list
1 If she’s talking to her best friend, she’ll be on b fear of trying
the phone for ages. (She’s talking to her best c you’ve tried it
friend so…) d follow the crowd
2 If she’d been lying about the accident, I e anyone else’s
would’ve known. (She wasn’t lying) f pottery
3 If she drove without a licence, she’d be breaking
the law. (To drive without a licence is breaking the F
law) Answers
4 If you’re trying to get a job, make sure you get 1 fear of heights
good references. (You are trying to get a job, so…) 2 last
5 If she said she liked him, she would be lying. 3 terrified
(She doesn’t like him) 4 run a marathon
6 If she hadn’t made one mistake, she wouldn’t 5 raising money
have been hiding for years. (She made a mistake, 6 classic novel
so she has been hiding) 7 surprises
8 competition
H
Answers Speaking
1 The if-clause relates to the past. The main
clause relates to the present. A
2 The if-clause relates to the present. The main Answers
clause relates to the past. Students’ own answers
I B
going to, will/would, might, must The analogy of life as a journey is quite a common one,
both have twists and turns and different paths to take,
J with progress made along the way.
Answers Aspirations are not enough for success, but the idea
1 To learn Russian, you have to learn a new alphabet. is that if someone wants something enough, they are
2 Please take a seat and I’ll call you in a minute. more likely to succeed.
3 Might I make a suggestion? I think we should take Both competition and ambition express a desire to be
a break. better; with competition, it is a desire to beat others,
4 When you forget her name, she’s bound to be upset. and ambition describes one’s own desire to succeed.
5 Unless you say something to him, I shall!
6 Don’t say anything, unless you can say something C
nice! Answers
K
Answers Ideas Focus
L
Answers Writing: an essay (2)
1a 2d 3c 4b 5c 6a 7b 8a 9a 10b
A
Listening Answers
1 COM: stupid and dull are synonyms.
A 2 CON: The joys of giving does not qualify who to
Answers help, whereas Charity begins at home is a very
A bucket list is a list of things to do before you die narrow view of who to help.
(from the idiom ‘kick the bucket’, which means ‘to die’).
3 CON: Golden opportunities is something positive, The second text expresses the view that people are
whereas Where dreams go to die is a negative/ increasingly equating wealth with happiness and
pessimistic view.
4 COM: Global cooperation can only be a positive
thing as is Revolutionising how we work.
B
Answers
Contrasting
1 Golden opportunities
2 Where dreams go to die
C
Answers
1 realising one’s ambitions in a city; success and
failure in a city, etc.
2 cities offer professional opportunities for ambitious
people; competition is good because it helps people
to learn and succeed
3 it’s tough living in a place where you don’t
succeed; failure can lead to depression or crime
D
Answers
It isn’t always healthy and it can result in
unscrupulous behaviour. / It is intense due to so
many people vying for the same career opportunities
E
Answers
1 suggests, asserts, argues, proposes, puts forward the
idea
2 I am inclined to agree …; There is no doubt in my
mind
3 Nevertheless, it should be noted that …
F
Answers
1 bring
2 give
3 trigger
4 lead
5 result
Useful Expressions
G
Suggested answers
The two passages explore the concept of what brings
happiness, but with contrasting views.
The first text states that happiness is something that
can be bought. It suggests that material possessions
such as luxurious residences and expensive cars, as
well as experiences such as frequent holidays, are
enough to make people happy. Furthermore, it states
that if these have been acquired through hard work,
they are deserved rewards. In addition, it argues that
if these
trappings of wealth are a cause for envy, then those
who are envious should consider working hard
themselves for the same benefits. As I see it, not all
wealth is accrued honestly or through hard work, and
when it is flaunted as well, it naturally causes ire. It
should also
be noted that not everyone has the opportunity to get
ahead in life, no matter how hard they work.
27
that this is flawed. It argues that a trouble-free life Ideas Focus
filled with leisure is no substitute for the things that Answers
bring real happiness, the most important of which is
friendship. The text notes that friends can be relied
on to give a hand whenever it is needed. It also
makes the claim that the wealthy can never truly know
if their friends like them for themselves or for their
money.
I am inclined to agree with the views expressed in
the second text. It has become obvious that greed
is
rampant, and that wealth is considered more important
than health or friendship, for example.
All in all, it seems to me that wealth can bring a
measure of happiness, but it is no substitute for
friendship.
Video 5 Surviving Deadly

Everest
Before you watch
A
Answers
A Climbing boots and crampons are essential for
gripping snow and preventing climbers from
slipping.
B Oxygen cylinders are a safety device, to
prevent symptoms of oxygen starvation at high
altitudes.
C A Sherpa guide is a member of a native tribe,
who knows the area and helps climbers by
transporting supplies.
D A satellite phone allows communication where
there is no terrestrial mobile network so that
climbers
can communicate with the outside world and
get weather information.
While you
watch B
Answers
1 claimed (00:23)
2 notorious (00:35)
3 gear (02:12)
4 off guard (02:51)
5 sea (04:01)
6 oncoming (04:51)
After you
watch C
Answers
1 ultimate
2 blizzard
3 adjust
4 base
5 monitor
6 ceremony
7 altitudes
8 supply
9 disorientation
10 summit
6 Made of Money C
Answers
Reading 1 expensive
2 broke
A 3 bribe
Answers 4 miser
1d 2c 3b 4a 5 money
6 bureaucracy
B
Answers D
1 wanting
C 2 thrifty
Suggested Answers 3 well-kept
It was a miserable life without love or care. Hunger 4 aboveboard
was a constant in his life. 5 spendthrift
D E
Answers Answers
A copper is a large copper container for cooking food 1 aboveboard
or boiling water 2 thrifty
3 wanting
E 4 spendthrift
Answers 5 well-kept
1C 2B 3D 4A 5B 6D
F
F Answers
Answers 1g 2c 3a 4h 5b 6e 7f 8d
1 sage
2 implicitly
G
3 paupers Answers
4 temerity 1 corner
5 stupefied 2 egg
6 At length 3 resort
7 countenance 4 lane
8 compose 5 side
6 bet
Vocabulary 7 red
8 line
A
Answers H
1 offset Answers
2 maximise 1R 2R 3P 4R 5P 6P 7P 8R
3 reimbursed
4 valued I
5 financing Answers
6 squandered formal = idigent, affluent
7 compensate possible others could include: loaded (rich), hard-up
8 incurred (poor)
9 soared
10 gambles K
Answers
B 1B 2C 3A 4D 5B 6C 7A 8D
Answers
1 bribery Grammar
2 stimulus
3 chancellor A
4 merger Answers
5 heir 1 Not until
6 concessions 2 Never
7 mortgage 3 Hardly
8 misuse 4 Under no circumstances

29
5 Not one
6 No sooner
H
a In sentences 3 and 6, Hardly and No sooner mean Answers
the same. 1 b
b Not until is followed by inversion in the main 2 a
clause. 3 d
c Alternative negative adverbs: 4 e
1 Scarcely had he received his salary than he 5 f
paid the bills. 6 c
2 Seldom did they manage to save any money.
3 No sooner had the money been deposited than I
it was withdrawn. Answers
4 Never should you tell anyone your PIN. Unreal past are 3 and 6
5 In no way could the accountant give a
reason for the lack of funds. J
6 Hardly had the money been deposited than it Answers
was withdrawn. 1 paid
2 learnt
B 3 had made
Answers 4 had better
1 d 5 would stop
2 e 6 rather
3, 6 c 7 hadn’t
4 a 8 owns
5 b
K
C Answers
Answers 1 d
inversion, start, formal, main 2 e
3 a
D 4 b
Answers 5 c
1 T
2 T L
3 T Answers
1 hadn’t fallen out
E 2 had bought
Answers 3 acting
1 Little 4 is
2 No sooner/Barely 5 weren’t
3 On no account 6 got
4 Only after
5 Not once M
6 Not only Answers
7 Barely/No sooner 1 no account should you
8 Only if 2 until another decade had passed, did
9 Only after 3 he wishes he hadn’t bought
10 Not once 4 no stage/point/time did the manager discuss
5 sooner have you paid by debit card than / sooner
F have you used a/your debit card than
Answers
1 had … begun Listening
2 have … spent
3 has received/receives A
4 had … accepted Answers
5 did … show Students’ own answers e.g. differences between real
6 does … condone and digital money: real money is coins and notes that
you can hold in your hands, digital money only exists
G in electronic form.
Answers Difference between paper money and gold: paper
Students should tick sentences a-f. money can become devalued easily, gold can change
Sentences g and h are incorrect. in value but is less volatile. Paper money can be
only, unreal, would, not printed and lead to devaluation as seen in prewar
Germany and more recently in Zimbabwe. Alternative
currencies like bitcoin are popular with some because

transactions

31
are fast and anonymous. Alternative currencies are
on the rise where money is short or because people
D
want to keep money inside a country or local Answers
community. Students’ own answers
Alternative currencies include digital currencies, time
banks, bartering and local or community currencies. E
Answers
B
1 Yes. The writer has addressed one specific
Answers
question about the drawbacks of money.
1 d 2 There are 2 main paragraphs. The first deals
2 c with societal problems money causes, and the
3 b second looks at its negative effects on
4 a individuals.
5 f 3 The French Revolution as an example of
6 e social unrest; the problems faced by lottery
winners.
D
4 ‘The most serious of these is the redistribution
Answers of wealth.’ where ‘these’ refers back to
Task 1 ‘significant drawbacks’ in the introduction. /
1 D ‘Not only can money cause problems at the
2 G societal level, but it can ruin individual lives.’
3 C which refers back to the societal problems in the
4 B second paragraph.
5 E 5 Yes
Task 2
6 C F
7 B Answers
8 E 1 money management
9 H 2 basic necessities
10 D 3 social unrest
4 class divisions
Speaking 5 little luxuries
A G
Answers Suggested answer
Students’ own answers More and more people are travelling. While tourism
B can bring many economic and social benefits,
particularly in rural areas and developing countries,
Answers mass tourism is also associated with negative
Students’ own answers effects. Tourism can cause change or loss of local
culture, identity and values.
D One effect of tourism is that destinations become
Answers standardised in order to satisfy tourists’ desires for
Students’ own answers familiar facilities. While accommodation, food and
drinks must meet the tourists’ desire for the new and
Ideas Focus unfamiliar, they must at the same time not be too
Answers new or strange because few tourists are actually
Students’ own answers looking for completely new things. Tourists often look
for recognisable facilities in an unfamiliar
Writing: an essay (3) environment, like well-known fast-food restaurants
and hotel chains. The result is that a popular
Answers
destination in one country may differ little from an
A equally popular destination in another country. When
Answers that happens, the local identity has changed.
1b 2c 3a Another impact of tourism is that local cultures are
turned into commodities when customs, traditions
B and festivals are changed to conform to tourist
Answers expectations. Once a destination is sold as a tourism
1b 2a product, and the tourism demand for souvenirs, arts,
entertainment and other commodities begins to exert
C influence, basic changes in human values may occur.
Answers Sacred sites and objects may not be respected when
In what situations can money create problems; Can they are perceived as goods to trade.
the amounts be justified or not Finally, because tourism involves social relations
Students’ own answers between people who would not normally meet, cultural

clashes can take place as a result of differences in

33
values and lifestyles. Such cultural clashes may
further arise through economic inequality. Many Review 3 (Units 5 & 6)
tourists come from countries that are more prosperous
than their destination. They go there seeking Grammar Revision
pleasure, spending large amounts of money and A
sometimes behaving
in ways that even they would not accept at home. Answers
One effect is that local people may develop a sort of 1B 2A 3D 4A 5C 6B 7D 8C
copying behaviour, as they want to live and behave in
the same way. They reject their own culture in order B
to emulate the new one. Answers
To sum up, while the positive impacts of tourism can 9 pick
create prosperity for a region, these are offset by 10 in
its very negative influences on cultural identity and 11 only
traditional ways of life. 12 set
13 Such
14 So
Video 6 Alaskan Money 15 Provided
16 happen
Laundering
C
Before you watch Answers
17 implicitly
A 18 adversity
Answers 19 prevalence
‘Money laundering’ is the process of making 20 currency
illegally- gained money appear legal. 21 privileged
22 unrest
B 23 failure
Suggested Answers 24 opulent
The money has been burnt. Perhaps there was house
fire. It probably doesn’t have any value. However, in the D
US, if more than half the money is unmutilated, it can be Answers
posted to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing to be 25 Had it not been for his sister/Had he not been
redeemed. dis- suaded by his sister
26 would rather he studied
C 27 had taken your advice, I wouldn’t be
Answers 28 No sooner had she inherited the money than
1 T (00:06) 29 Only if you are employed will you
2 T (00:26) 30 on condition that
3 F (00:41)
4 F (00:47)
5 T (00:21) 7 Distant Shores
6 F (00:51)
D Reading
Answers A
1 rural Answers
2 distinguishable Students’ own answers
3 intact
4 salvage B
5 charred Answers
6 stack People do it because it makes them feel good, not just
7 initial because they’re a kind, giving soul.
8 tragic
9 laundering C
10 mile Answers
Ideas Focus A: this will depend on overall meaning
B: this will depend on overall meaning
Answers C: One last thing (after a number of other things)
Students’ own answers D: There is also
E: this will depend on overall meaning
F: what you’re buying, too
G: Isn’t this
H: Yes, that’s right (in answer to a query/question)

D G
Answers Answers
1B 2G 3D 4A 5F 6C 7H 1 whim
(paragraph E is not needed) 2 ear
3 tip
E
4 drop
Answers 5 bucket
1 put one over on me 6 spur
2 made a huge dent in 7 riot
3 add insult to injury 8 stone’s
4 took the plunge
5 off the beaten path H
Answers
Vocabulary 1c 2b 3d 4a 5b 6c 7a 8a
A
Answers
Grammar
1 oddity A
2 wonder Answers
3 marvel 1 gradable adjectives: serious, radical, late, difficult /
4 spectacle ungradable adjectives: essential, right
5 rarity 2 adverbs used with gradable adjectives:
6 phenomenon extremely, a bit, quite
3 adverbs used with ungradable adjectives:
B absolutely, quite
Answers 4 ‘quite’ meaning ‘absolutely’: quite + right
1 deciding 5 ‘quite’ meaning ‘fairly’: quite + difficult
2 desired 6 ‘too’ with ‘only’ meaning ‘more than expected’:
3 dim only too often
4 educated 7 ‘too’ meaning ‘more than is desirable’: too late
5 narrow
6 prime B
7 sharp Answers
8 strong 1 tired
2 tired
C 3 tired
Answers 4 exhausted
1 influx 5 tired and exhausted
2 injection 6 tired and exhausted
3 spelt 7 tired
4 long-lasting
5 diversity C
6 picturesque Answers
7 drain slightly tired
8 short-sighted a little tired / a bit tired
rather tired / somewhat tired / fairly tired
D moderately tired / pretty tired
Answers very tired / really tired / terribly tired
1b 2c 3a 4c 5b 6a quite exhausted / pretty exhausted / really exhausted
utterly exhausted / completely exhausted
E absolutely exhausted
Answers
1d 2f 3e 4b 5h 6c 7a 8g D
Answers
F Ungradable, adverbs, gradable, tired, ugly, good
Answers
1 tranquillity E
2 sparsely Answers
3 vaccinations 1 the prices of the tickets are reasonable, i.e. not
4 detrimental too expensive
5 phenomenal 2 there is a dramatic (i.e. very clear) difference
6 unsustainable between these and other solutions
7 devastation 3 dilemmas that are almost impossible to solve
8 provincial 4 it is surprising how few difficulties

35
5 it is understandable that viewers are shocked 4b after the foothills the mountain proper starts = the
6 the hikers are lost to the point of possibly real mountain
never being found 5a humans are responsible for climate change = are
F to blame for
5b a responsible person would not waste energy =
Answers sensible/mature
1f 2a 3d 4e 5c 6b
M
G Answers
Answers 1 Hardly
1 completely worried really/very/extremely/incredibly/ 2 almost
terribly worried 3 Virtually
2 Correct 4 serious
3 Correct 5 hungrily
4 very ridiculous absolutely/completely/utterly 6 tourists responsible
ridiculous
5 slightly ruined completely/totally/utterly/absolutely/ N
really/virtually ruined Answers
H 1 almost/nearly
2 greatest/biggest
Answers
3 no
1 an unbelievably successful conservation programme 4 most
2 a surprisingly resilient species 5 too
3 an understandably shy creature 6 as/so
4 a stunningly beautiful fish 7 horn
5 deeply disturbing statistics 8 possible
6 a dreadfully wasteful lifestyle
I Listening
Answers A
1 painfully Answers
2 considerably 1a 2c 3d 4e 5b 6f
3 enormously
4 quite B
5 hugely Suggested answers
6 extremely 1 Of course.
7 partly Sure.
8 perfectly Certainly.
I’ll get on to it soon.
J As soon as I get a chance.
Answers It’s a priority.
a Almost, virtually and practically are used with a 2 Sorry, I can’t help.
negative verb/situation. I haven’t the vaguest/foggiest/least idea.
b Hardly, barely and scarcely have a negative meaning. Oh, I wish I could help.
Well, you could try the
K supermarket. The market might
Answers stock it.
before, after, after You might try checking the Internet.
3 I haven’t got round to it, I’ve been too
L busy. I’ve been meaning to do it.
Answers Oh, dear! I completely forgot about it.
1a the concerned members = the members who are It just slipped my mind.
concerned (worried) I thought you said you’d fix it!
1b the members concerned = the members who the 4 Be my guest!
issue concerns/relates to No, go (right) ahead!
2a a rather long and involved explanation = Of course not.
overcomplicated You might as well.
2b the organisations involved include local 5 Of course you can.
conservationists = the organisations that are That’s perfectly
involved OK. Yes, no
3a the present situation = the current situation problem.
3b the people present at the meeting = people who Yes, which would you like?
are attending the meeting Yes, by all means.
4a the proper way to deal with the problem = the 6 Don’t ask me!
correct way Never heard of

it.
I think I have an idea.

37
I’d be lying if I said I did.
Are you sure that’s a word?
F
Better look it up! Answers
Something tells me it’s a bit like recycling. 1 Notwithstanding
Isn’t it a kind of recycling? 2 yet
3 by the same token
D 4 inasmuch as
Answers 5 albeit
1a 2a 3b 4c 5c 6c 7b 8a 6 what with
Speaking G
Suggested answers
A The passages look at some of the positive effects of
Answers tourism on the environment and on living standards.
Students’ own answers The first text begins with the observation that tourism
is linked to the declining quality in areas of natural
B beauty, in particular, coastal areas. This is in
Answers reference to the over-development of popular island
Students’ own answers and seaside destinations such as those found in the
Mediterranean region. However, it points out that
Ideas Focus their popularity can lead to an increased awareness of
Answers the need to protect them with the establishment of
Students’ own answers protected areas that will guarantee their continued
existence. While I can appreciate the logic of the
Writing: an essay (4) argument, for the most part the damage has already
been done by the time any plans to create marine and
A wildlife parks are made.
Answers The second text argues that tourism leads to an
1EC 2SC 3EN 4EN 5EC 6SC improvement in the standard of living for local
residents. In order to attract and satisfy tourists,
B investments are made in facilities and services that
Answers everyone benefits from. These include vital services
such as health care centres and hospitals, improved
Positive: 1, 4, 6
public transport, sport and leisure facilities, restaurants
Negative: 2, 3, 5
and pubic spaces. It cannot be denied that in
C comparison to places that are not tourist destinations,
Answers popular holiday spots offer the local residents a wider
range of facilities and services that can significantly
1 The quality of the environment is essential to
improve standards of living.
tourism; it’s why people travel / tourism has Overall, it would appear that tourism can have some
negative impacts on the environment that it
positive impacts for the environment, though these
depends on.
tend to be cancelled out by over-development. On the
2 Multinational companies in tourism, offering all-
other hand, improvements to the standard of living are
inclusive packages / this is bad for local
an obvious benefit.
businesses and should be strictly regulated.
3 Both texts are about (negative aspects/impacts
of) tourism; the first text mentions infrastructure
construction (including hotels and resorts) and
Video 7 Reef Cleaner
the second text mentions all-inclusive packages
at hotels and resorts. Before you watch
4 No. A
5 Yes, they are both about some negative aspects
of tourism. Answers
The equipment is used for fishing. There are fishing
D hooks, fishing line and rope. Sometimes it can get left
Answers behind in the sea and trap marine life.
The writer suggests that multinationals should only
employ local staff at their hotels and resorts. While you watch
E B
Answers Answers
1 that is to say 1 hazard (00:06)
2 thereby 2 sponges (00:36)
3 In the final analysis 3 utilised (00:47)
4 footprints
(00:53) 5 snagged
(01:10) 6 shears
(01:19)

39
After you watch 7 matter
8 bibliography
C 9 appendix
Answers 10 methodology
1 discarded 11 data
2 pose 12 discipline
3 entangled 13 plagiarism
4 clear 14 acknowledgement
5 break down 15 hypothesis
6 perform
7 accumulated B
8 bring up Answers
9 cut out 1 intimate
10 support 2 formidable
3 reasoning
Ideas Focus 4 supplementary
Answers 5 receptive
Students’ own answers 6 Positing
7 intelligible
8 applying
8 Knowledge is Power C
Answers
Reading
1c 2a 3b 4a 5c 6b
A
Answers D
Students’ own answers, but a Mickey Mouse degree Answers
is a university degree that is considered to have 1 on
no practical use, and one which will not lead to 2 by
employment for those who earn it, or if the degree 3 round
did at one time have value, it no longer does due to 4 towards
becoming over-popular. 5 off
6 at
B 7 up
Answers 8 in
E
C Answers
Answers 1 on
They all mention work/employment/jobs. 2 In
3 on
D 4 in
Answers 5 in
1B 2D 3C 4A 5D 6E 7A 8B 9C 10E 6 On
7 In
E 8 on
Answers 9 on
1 in sync with 10 In
2 crying out for F
3 state of affairs
4 had the last laugh Answers
5 pale in comparison with 1 ropes
6 a means to an end 2 same page
3 subject
Vocabulary 4 bell
5 hard way
A 6 books
Answers 7 lines
1 indicator 8 book
2 paper 9 act
3 critical 10 hands
4 fundamental
5 scholarly
6 argument

G 5 will be punished
Answers 6 won’t help you cheat
1 attended
2 chosen F
3 conducted Answers
4 cited verb + gerund verb+ preposition verb + object +
+ gerund preposition +
5 compile gerund
6 refer/referred admit admit to accuse sb of
7 detailing
den apologise for congratulate sb on
8 submission
describe complain about / of
H mention insist on
Answers
1 curriculums/curricula G
2 exemplified
Answers
3 standardised
4 disciplinary same, not, reported, not, if, whether
5 disrespectfully H
6 repetition
7 assimilation Answers
8 phenomena 1 accused
2 enquired/inquired/asked/complained
Grammar 3 denied
4 admitted (to)
A 5 congratulated
Answers 6 insisted
Example answers in parentheses 7 apologised
1 b (urge, order) 8 complained
2 a (threaten, refuse)
3 d (tell, advise)
I
4 c (say, mention) Answers
1b 2a 3d 4b 5a 6c 7a 8b 9c 10b
B
Answers Listening
1, 2 and 3 exclude the speaker A
4 and 5 include the speaker
When the speaker is included the reporting verb Answers
is followed by a gerund, but when the speaker is In the photo, the young people are probably teaching
excluded the reporting verb is followed by that + the elderly woman how to use a computer.
(should) + bare infinitive Students’ own answers
C B
Answers Answers
should, should, suggest, gerund 1 incorrect grammar
2 incorrect grammar
D 3 incorrect punctuation
Answers 4 incorrect spelling
1 herself not to panic during the exam 5 incorrect grammar
2 her students (should) arrive early for the exam 6 incorrect grammar
3 to help him with his revision C
4 Sue (should) turn off the music while she
was studying Answers
5 having a party after the exams / that they 1 research
should have a party after the exams 2 children’s
6 him not to worry/he shouldn’t worry … 3 pupils
him everything would be fine 4 developed
5 accurately
E 6 to understand
Answers
1 are not (allowed) to/ must /may not bring
D
mobile phones to class Answers
2 should focus on exam grades 1c 2d 3b 4e 5a
3 am leaving at the end of the/this year
4 will buy you a new phone if you pass your exams

41
G 4 accessible
Answers 5 objectives
1 a solitary person 6 tutor
2 learning through teaching 7 rapport
3 understanding 8 insight
4 learning
5 first-born children F
6 virtual character Answers
7 thoroughly Students’ own answers
8 emotionally
G
Speaking Suggested answer
Beginners’ Italian
A
Answers Introduction
Students’ own answers The aim of this report is to describe and evaluate the
6-week Beginners’ Italian course that I attended in June
B and July, as well as assess its usefulness and give some
Answers recommendations.
Content
C The course aimed to instruct students in the basics of
Answers the Italian language. Classes covering the
Students’ own answers fundamentals of the language were held every morning
between 9 am and 1 pm. I found these to be very
Ideas Focus thorough and, though intensive, were in no way tiring.
Answers Following a break for lunch, the cultural awareness
Students’ own answers classes were held. These covered Italian history, art,
architecture and cuisine, and were extremely
Writing: a report (1) informative and enjoyable.
A Teaching facilities
Answers The classes were held in bright, modern tutorial rooms
Students should tick 1 (a superior), 3 (a peer that were equipped with state-of-the-art facilities,
group), 5 (attending a course or a conference) and including interactive whiteboards with video capability.
8 (recommendation) The videos, in particular, were of high quality and
high definition, and extremely helpful in learning
B conversational Italian. As for the cultural awareness
Answers classes, these were particularly enjoyable. They were
1 a Shakespeare course often held in museums and galleries, while the
cuisine classes took place in local Italian restaurants
2 (fellow) college students
where we learnt about different regional dishes and
3 to describe the experience of attending the course
culinary customs.
4 William Shakespeare course (suggested title)
5 5 – introduction, content, organisation,
atmosphere, conclusion Extracurricular activities
6 4 – describe, evaluate, assess, give Evening and weekend activities were optional, and
a recommendation were arranged by the university. All tastes were
catered for as the activities covered a wide range of
C interests from sports to cinema, theatre and day trips
Answers to places of interest. Attendance was high due to the
Each session/class should be slightly longer fact that the activities were well planned and
organised.
D
Answers Conclusion
1 Yes In conclusion, I believe anyone attending this course
2 Yes will find it enjoyable and a good first step in learning
3 Yes Italian. The intensive nature of the course may not
4 Yes appeal to everyone, so I would suggest an alternative
course of eight weeks’ tuition that would be at a
E slightly slower pace.
Answers
1 approach
2 novel
3 bring to life

Video 8 Environmental 19
20
rarity
picturesque
Theme Park 21 sparsely
22 practically
23 detrimental
Before you watch 24 indicators
A
Answers D
25 reminded him not to let his
While you watch 26 insisted on them/their leaving / insisted that they
leave
B 27 not to go through with
Answers 28 are not quite sure/certain
1 T (00:44) 29 congratulated me on (writing)
2 T (00:53) 30 a stone’s throw from / a short distance from
3 F (01:31)
4 T (01:45)
5 F (01:58) 9 Flying the Nest
6 T (00:25)
Reading
After you watch
C A
Answers Answers
1 objective Students’ own answers
2 impact B
3 solution
Answers
4 economy
5 movement Students’ own answers
6 power C
7 mentorship
8 warming Answers
9 extinction pregnancy-related death
10 lack
D
Ideas Focus Answers
Answers by singing and dancing with the tribe
E
Answers
Review 4 (Units 7 & 8) Text 1: 1A 2A 3B 4D
Text 2: 5D 6B 7A 8C
Grammar Revision F
A Answers
Answers 1 union
1D 2A 3D 4C 5B 6A 7D 8B 2 deference
3 norm
B 4 ritual
Answers 5 span
6 manifestation
9 face
7 burden
10 practically/virtually
8 ranks
11 What
12 no
13 state Vocabulary
14 most A
15 in Answers
16 on
1 lease
C 2 utilities
Answers 3 let
4 references
17 seemingly
5 tenant
18 diversity
6 upfront

43
7 landlord 7 ears
8 deposit 8 free
9 eviction
10 tenancy G
11 sublet Answers
12 agency
1b 2d 3a 4c 5d 6a 7c 8b
B
Answers
Grammar
1 granted A
2 resigned from Answers
3 early retirement 1b 2d 3a 4c
4 manual In sentence a that can replace the relative pronoun
5 absence without other changes.
6 nominate
7 match B
8 downtime Answers
C Sentence b means there were other tenants who did
not damage the property.
Answers
Sentence a means all the tenants damaged the property.
1 neutral
2 emancipated C
3 liberated Answers
4 sovereign whom, many of/some of, five
5 autonomous
6 enfranchised D
7 self-sufficient Answers
8 independent
Sentence c is incorrect because the participle
D clause (covered in books) refers to the same
subject as the main clause (Sarah). It implies that
Answers
Sarah herself was covered in books (rather than her
verb noun adjective desk)!
dismiss dismissal
E
dispense (in)dispensable Answers
entitle entitlement 1 The students who are standing in the queue want
hierarchy hierarchical to open a bank account.
(im)maturity Mature, immature 2 The money which was paid into the account was
just enough to live on.
mediocrity mediocre
3 Sarah studied at the desk, which was covered in
obligate obligation obligatory books. the same, an active, a passive
orientate orientation
F
1 hierarchical Answers
2 immaturity 1 The aunt from whom they borrowed the money was
3 orientation a millionaire.
4 indispensable 2 The couple who didn’t meet their mortgage
5 mediocrity repayments had to move in with relatives.
6 obligatory 3 The student couldn’t understand the
7 entitlement rental agreement that he had to sign.
8 dismissal 4 Any students who are not able to cook for
themselves should choose catered halls.
E
Answers G
1d 2g 3a 4h 5b 6e 7c 8f Answers
1 Our new flatmates love practising the guitar at
F all hours, which can be quite annoying.
Answers 2 We met some fellow students, the majority of
1 strike whom are second years.
2 fend 3 She looked at two flats, neither of which she liked.
3 pull 4 Any applications submitted late will not
4 burn be accepted.
5 thrown 5 The children making a noise were asked to be quiet.
6 devices 6 The noise made by the builders gave the occupants
a headache.
H 2 covering
Answers
1 This is a first class university, which track record is
second to none.
2 He was living alone for the first time, that was
quite a challenge.
3 The woman to whom you talked to was the landlady.
4 Which is the room you live?
5 We met a lot of neighbours, most of which came
to the housewarming.
6 This is the girl whose sharing a room with you.
7 There are some adults who’s parents still treat
them like children.
8 The students sat in the canteen were having a
break.
Corrections
1 whose
2 which
3 to whom you talked (delete to) or who you talked to
4 live in
5 whom
6 who’s
7 whose
8 sitting
I
Answers
1d 2b 3c 4a 5a 6c
J
Answers
1 Liz was extremely knowledgeable. As a result,
she impressed the interview panel.
2 In order not to look too young, Jack grew a beard.
3 Parents often give their children advice –
although the children never take it.
4 Due to all the pressures of being independent,
student life is quite stressful.
5 Because of his outstanding academic performance,
he was offered a scholarship.
6 However much he loves his parents, he prefers
to live alone.
K
Answers
1e 2a 3b 4d 5c
L
Answers
1 Given the right circumstances, I would quit my
job, sell my house and start a new life abroad.
2 Having been asked to leave the family home,
James moved in with some friends.
3 Wondering why he was late, she checked her phone
continuously for new messages.
4 After seeing the house of our dreams, we put in
an offer at the full asking price.
5 Having been given the job in Norway, he signed
up for Norwegian lessons and put his house on the
market.
M
Answers
1 Helping
45
3 ranging an essay.
4 managing
5 making
6 Included
7 led
8 given
9 considering
10 dealing
N
Answers
1 whose features include
2 Not having managed
3 In view of rising/higher tuition fees / In view of
a/the rise in tuition fees
4 almost none/hardly any of whom
5 Not having been taken care of
Listening
A
Answers
1 apron strings
2 manoeuvre
3 deposit
4 etiquette
5 code
6 notice
7 squatter
8 mortgage
B
Answer
s 1a 2b
C
Answers
1b 2b 3a 4c 5c 6a
Speaking
A
Answers
B
Answers
C
Answers
Ideas Focus
Answers
Writing: an article (2)

A
Answers
Students’ own answers, but it could be argued that
1, 3 and 5 are from an article as they are personal
and informal in tone and content; sentences 2 and
4 are more formal and thus more likely to be from

B Personally, I believe it was a great first job. Working
Answers in a full-fledged lab taught me to pay careful
1 informal attention to detail, and work efficiently as a member
2 no (the task states that you should ‘describe your of a team. They are skills that I have been able to
experience’, so it must be factual from the point apply to other areas of my life.
of view of the writer; however, explain to students
that they can make up their own ‘factual’
experience – they can pretend to have moved out Video 9 Best Job Ever!
of home)
3 3; describe moving out, explain what you learnt Before you watch
from the experience, say how it helped you to
develop as a person A
4 anecdote, description, narration Answers
1 Geologists study the Earth’s history as recorded
C in the rocks.
Answers 2 Caves contain interesting rock formations as well
Students’ own answers as mineral deposits.
3 Different mineral deposits give evidence of changing
D climate.
Answers 4 The history of climate change and its effect on
1 yes the Earth can help make predictions for the
2 Blowing your budget while living at home doesn’t future.
carry the harsh consequences that follow when you
live on your own … I adopted budgeting skills / I was While you watch
able to become a better communicator and learnt B
how to resolve conflicts in all facets of my life /
learn more about who I am as an individual, and Answers
prepared me for the many challenges of adulthood 1 the moon (00:04)
3 the same style throughout 2 samples (00:09)
4 yes and yes 3 deposited (00:12)
4 record (00:17)
E 5 remote (00:22)
Answers 6 loose (00:30)
speaking for myself, in my experience, I would say that
After you watch
F
C
Suggested answer
Answers
My first job
I had spent my teenage years studying and doing 1 find
volunteer work for an animal charity. The work was 2 remains
fulfilling and it gave me a sense of accomplishment. It 3 layers
was important to me that I could do something of value 4 rings
with my free time rather than fritter it away online or 5 construct
in front of the TV. However, it wasn’t my first ‘real’ job. 6 climate
That came a few years later, after I’d graduated. 7 remoteness
Having earned a degree in biology, I applied for various 8 field
entry level positions as a biology technician. I was hired 9 exploration
by a pharmaceutical company to conduct experiments 10 desire
and tests on products in development, and analyse the
data. I worked alongside a team of other technicians Ideas Focus
who reported back to a biologist. The position enabled Answers
me to apply nearly all the skills I had cultivated Students’ own answers
during my undergraduate studies. I felt very fortunate
compared to some friends who had studied in other
disciplines, yet were unable to find employment in
those fields.
10 Because You’re Worth It!
I only realised the effect this would have on my
career later. Even though I was reporting to a higher- Reading
up biologist, the position was stable and offered A
opportunities for advancement. If you can stick to your
chosen field in terms of work, you can climb the career Answers
ladder and take on more demanding positions, with Students’ own answers
more responsibility and a higher salary of course. If you
are unable to do so, you could find yourself with a long
B
list of unrelated jobs. Answers
47

C 4 manipulative
Answers 5 complimentary
They look like recommendations from a trusted 6 fraudulent
friend.
F
D Answers
Answers 1c 2g 3e 4a 5h 6d 7f 8b
1F 2A 3D 4H 5B 6G 7E
Paragraph C is not needed. G
Answers
E 1B 2A 3B 4D 5C 6D 7A 8B
Answers
1c 2d 3a 4e 5b 6f 7g Grammar
A
Vocabulary Answers
A 1 U
Answers 2 U
1 telemarketing 3 C
2 jingle 4 C
3 merchandising 5 U/C
4 infomercials
5 copy B
6 materialism Answers
7 demographics paper, not, amount, number, fewer, less
8 billboards
9 momentum C
10 caption Answers
1 or
B 2 can
Answers 3 else
1 classified
2 market D
3 leaflet Answers
4 prime 1 little
5 edition 2 all
6 trade 3 amount
4 fewer
C 5 number
Answers 6 Many
Attract Influence/Persuade Promote 7 less
entice cajole endorse
8 deal
9 much
lure coax hype
10 few
pull induce pitch
tempt lobby push E
woo sway tout Answers
1 A nobody
D B all
2 A something
Answers
B nothing
1 equated 3 A everything
2 geared B anything
3 driven 4 A someone
4 expense B Anything
5 accounts 5 A a few, each
6 amounts B several, one
7 essence
8 degree F
Answers
E
1 d
Answers 2 a
1 charismatic 3 b, c
2 hypocritical
3 acquisition
49
4 e
5 b, c
B
Answers
G 1 C
Answers 2 I
1 d 3 C
2 a 4 I
3 c 5 C
4 b 6 I
5 e
D
H Answers
Answers Task 1
The advertisements, the ones, a child, the world, the 1 D
problem, the medium, the message. 2 H
a is used with child as it’s the first time this idea is 3 A
mentioned. The is used with unique nouns, such as 4 E
world; when something has been mentioned earlier, 5 F
e.g. the ones, the problem; to talk generally, e.g. Task 2
the medium, the message; with specific nouns, e.g. 6 F
the advertisements. 7 A
8 D
I 9 B
Answers 10 C
1 A, a
2 - Speaking
3 An, the
4 - A
5 the Answers
6 -, the Students’ own answers
7 - Suggested answer for first question: The photos in A
8 -, the show garment industry workers, most likely in an Asian
9 a, a sweatshop, and a Westerner shopping for clothes – the
10 the, the clothes the shopper is looking at may have been
sewn in such a sweatshop. The photos in B show a
J child watching an ad for some sort of unhealthy, sweet
Answers snack and a child suffering toothache – the connection
1 themselves -> each other is that eating too many sweets will lead to tooth
2 itself -> themselves decay or other dental problems.
3 us -> ourselves
4 each others -> each other’s
B
5 hers self -> herself Answers
K
Answers D
1 a Answers
2 both Students’ own answers
3 however
4 others Ideas Focus
5 This Answers
6 enough Students’ own answers
7 anyone/anybody/everyone/everybody
8 amount Writing: an article (3)
Listening A
Answers
A 1C 2A 3B
Answers
1 disbelief B
2 pride Answers
3 frustration Students’ own answers
4 regret
5 disappointment
6 concern

C advertisers and marketing experts have quite a nerve
Answers telling us we’re not thin, pretty, masculine, fragrant or
popular enough.
1 Yes – money/economy, consumerism/advertising,
environment
3 Escaping consumerism
4 4: an introduction and 3 main paragraphs
to comment on the three points and
conclude
D
Answers
E
Answers
1 Yes, by discussing all three of the points in the task
2 Suggested answer - The narrative element adds a
personal note to the article which makes it more
interesting as people can probably identify with
the character of Natalie or know someone who
does.
3 semi-formal / more informal than formal style/tone;
narrative about a friend, conversational, direct
speech, contractions
4 Money/economy: bank balance, on sale, high
price, credit, part with their cash, consumer, cost.
Consumerism /advertising: must-have, manipulated,
valued customers, advertisers, brands.
Environment: landfill, raw materials, energy,
discarded, disposable, one-time only use, wasteful
excess.
F
Answers
1 blight
2 pie in the sky
3 psychologically obsolete
4 the toll on
5 take some doing
Useful Expressions
G
Suggested answer
My cousin Nick epitomizes today’s young adult. He’s
studying at university, has a part-time job in an electrical
appliances store and spends his weekends out and
about with his circle of friends. Before Nick goes out,
he carefully chooses a designer label shirt and jeans,
trendy shoes and an expensive cologne. He grabs his
latest model smartphone and heads out the door.
Nick is actually quite a nice guy, but he has become
the perfect example of today’s consumer, obsessed
with the latest offerings by tech companies and
designers. ‘But everyone’s doing it!’ he protests when I
tease
him about this. He fails to see that advertisers are
manipulating him into thinking he actually needs status
symbols in order to gain the respect of his friends and
have any worth as a human being.
Of course, that’s the hold that advertising has over
people – it makes them think they’re inferior unless
they buy this, that or the other. These anonymous

51
If a work colleague were to suggest such a thing – or
worse – a teacher, they would be up before a
disciplinary committee. It’s not fair to play on
people’s insecurities; it’s akin to bullying and there
are laws against that!
A bit of knowledge does go a long way. If young
people are made aware of the psychological ploys
that advertisers use to make them part with their
cash, and if they realise that advertisers see
customers as commodities rather than the goods
they’re selling, perhaps they will be better able to
resist the pressure to spend, spend, spend!
Video 10 Skateboards
from Trash
Before you
watch A
Answers
1 plastic paint buckets
2 in landfills
3 used to create part of the base
While you
watch B
Answers
1 T (00:09)
2 T (00:15)
3 F (00:36)
4 F (01:09)
5 T (00:58)
6 T (01:16)
After you
watch C
Answers
1 challenge
2 Inspiration
3 handmade
4 homebuilder
5 jobsite
6 upcycled
7 landfill
8 cost
9 empowerment
10 world
Ideas Focus
Answers
Review 5 (Units 9 & 10)

Grammar
Revision A
Answers
1C 2D 3B 4C 5A 6D 7A 8B

B
Vocabulary
Answers
9 what A
10 where Answers
11 little/nothing 1 pack
12 whom 2 slander
13 themselves 3 hounded
14 in 4 recluse
15 to 5 Lampooned
16 expense 6 stalked
7 column
C 8 scoop
Answers
17 unwitting B
18 fraudulent Answers
19 indispensable 1 memoirs
20 obligatory 2 anecdotes
21 tantalisingly 3 press
22 manifestation 4 blackmail
23 manipulative 5 notorious
24 consumption 6 exile
7 scandal
D 8 instalments
Answers 9 excerpts
25 leaves Emma to her own devices 10 gossips
26 am not at liberty to give 11 libel
27 talked me into purchasing/buying 12 obscurity
28 many of which
It means ‘you can publish if you like, I don’t care.’
29 Not knowing where the building was
It is now used more often when someone decides to
30 Having been chosen to fill the position
publish something offensive or unpopular even though
they know they will face public criticism.
11 Say Cheese! C
Answers
Reading 1 circulation
A 2 print
3 leak
Answers
4 discreet
Students’ own answers 5 correspondent
B 6 credible
Answers D
Students’ own answers, although it could be argued Answers
that none of them can be objective if they have to 1d 2f 3a 4c 5e 6b
follow an editorial line or the views of the media
outlet’s owners. E
Answers
C
1 string
Answers
2 limelight
Documentaries 3 splash
D 4 minutes
5 time
Answers 6 stardom
1C 2A 3D 4B 5D 6B 7 invasion
8 map
E
9 legend
Answers 10 headlines
1b 2e 3c 4a 5d
Ideas Focus
F
Answers
be dropped from a record label
get signed by an agent
make a comeback
53
reach the peak of stardom
seek publicity
D
Answers
G 1 a
Answers 2 b
1 making a comeback 3 c
2 seeks publicity 4 b
3 were dropped from … record label 5 a
4 reached the peak of stardom 6 b
5 get signed by an agent
E
H Answers
Answers full, abstract, bare, active, passive, full
1 at
2 out of
F
3 of Answers
4 in 1 b
5 on 2 a
6 over 3 d
7 of 4 c
8 in 5 e
6 f
I
Answers G
1 objective Answers
2 impartially 1 saying
3 conspiracy 2 to say
4 dissemination 3 listening
5 misinformation 4 to listen
6 selectively 5 turning
7 omission 6 to forget
8 chaotic 7 talking
8 to talk
Grammar H
A Answers
Answers 1 to resign
gerund, noun, object, object 2 posting
3 to be
B 4 seeing
Answers 5 worrying
1 You can’t explain why some people like or
dislike certain things. (usually said in disbelief) I
2 You have nothing to lose if you … Answers
3 You cannot predict 1 b
4 Some people are never happy, no matter what 2 a
5 A toast to you, my friend! (made famous by the film 3 c
Casablanca) 4 d
6 Let’s hope for a better future. 5 c
7 You don’t know if something works until you put 6 a
it into practice. 7 b
8 (In sport,) participation is more important than victory. 8 c
9 b
C 10 d
Answers
1 Getting an audition for the reality show Listening
2 Posting that photo online
3 everyone being famous for 15 minutes
A
4 for not checking the facts Answers
5 without asking permission 1 C
6 warning at all/whatever/whatsoever 2 B
7 the (possible) meaning of the two leaders’ 3 A
body language/body language of the two 4 D
leaders
8 (his/him) being rich and famous

B C
Answers Answers
Students’ own answers Conclusion 2
C D
Answers Answers
1 make less challenging 1 a documentary about a famous person
2 realistic, including imperfections 2 describe it, explain why the story was important,
3 act differently in the presence of cameras say what we can learn from it
4 without lines to learn 3 a recommendation
5 behave in a stupid way
6 causing embarrassment E
7 an inaccurate term Answers
8 all media existing before the Internet The media hounded her, causing added pressure.
F F
Answers Answers
1 D 1 yes
2 A 2 the documentary is worth watching and will make
3 B you re-examine your views on fame and the
4 C media
5 C 3 yes
Speaking G
A Answers
Answers 1 What this documentary gives is
2 the more Winehouse hurt, the more she
channelled that despair
Suggested answers for the first question: They are
3 Seldom do you hear
all stereotypes. Asian prodigy / child prodigy;
4 Had they tried harder
nerdy cosplayers (people who dress as and pretend
5 Emerging from this documentary is
to be a character from a film, TV programme,
comic book, etc.) / larping (Live Action Role Play, a Useful Expressions
game where
participants physically act out their characters’ actions); H
meditation / yoga / New Age; a book work / swotting Suggested answer
in the library. Review: Steve Jobs
by Walter Isaacson
B My very first computer was an Apple Mac. I fell in
Answers love with it as soon as I laid eyes on it. It was so
Students’ own answers different to everything else on the market, and I was
curious
C to learn how that came about. More so, I was
Answers curious about the man behind the brand – Steve
Students’ own answers Jobs. This biography is an amazing inside view into
the life of one of the great visionaries and
Ideas Focus businessmen of our era.
Answers If I learned anything from this book, it’s that Jobs
Students’ own answers believed that design is paramount, and spending
extra time to make a beautiful design work is worth
it. He wanted the Apple computers he built to be
Writing: a review (2) both beautiful and useful. Much time was spent
A fitting the hardware into the beautifully designed
Answers cases
the designers came up with. It produced amazing
1S 2S 3F 4S 5F
computers that were visually distinct from everything
B else available.
Answers Another thing that comes through very strongly in
this book is what an incredible perfectionist Jobs
Students should underline: talent, rose meteorically,
was. Reading the biography, I discovered that Jobs’
crashed, stardom, media pack
ethos was basically that if you are going to do
Students should circle: innovative, format, archival
something, do it right. The book is full of instances
footage, approach, narrator, screen, illusion
of Jobs doing
this, not only in regard to his computers. For
example, Jobs was obsessed with quality glass, and
55
ordered the highest quality he could find for his
Apple Stores. In all things he did, he kept at it until
it was perfect in his mind. He was dogged in this
regard.

The book was full of references to Jobs’ dynamic
personality. He believed anything was possible and he 12 Culture Shock
was so persuasive that he could convince those around
him of it too. Surely this is one of the most defining Reading
qualities of an entrepreneur – believing something can
be done against all odds. A
This biography gives incredible insight into one of the Suggested answers
defining minds of the 21st century. It’s a must-read! symbol – flag; language – each is unique, used for
written history; values – individualism, work ethic,
Video 11 A Polar Picture family; music – tango, rap; gestures – hand shake;
rituals – baptism; artefacts – iPhone, art works,
architecture; clothes – denim, national costumes, etc.
Before you watch
B
A Answers
Suggested answers 1 identity
1 Polar bears are hard to find. The photographers 2 status
may search for days. The conditions are difficult 3 pleasure
for humans. Polar bears could be dangerous. 4 community
2 They have to wait for the opportunity to photograph
wildlife, they may have a camera in place for some C
time before they get good photos. Answers
3 They have to have endurance, they may have to the ruling classes
deal with difficult weather conditions and physically
tough environments. They need a good D
understanding Answers
of the animals and environment that they are
1B 2C 3D 4E 5A 6D 7E 8A 9C 10B
photographing. They need to be resourceful and
make the most of the opportunities they get to E
photograph the wildlife in question. Answers
While you watch 1 Latin
2 Latin
B 3 Latin
Answers 4 Greek
1 tough (00:17) 5 Greek
6 hybrid of Greek and Latin, meso being Greek for
2 afraid (01:00)
‘middle’ and America from Italian explorer
3 emerging (01:32)
Amerigo Vespucci who played a prominent role in
4 cubs (01:40)
exploring the New World
5 remote (02:03)
7 Greek
6 high (02:11)
8 Latin
1c 2e 3a 4h 5d 6g 7b 8f
After you watch
C Vocabulary
Answers A
1 sheer Answers
2 vast
1 assumptions
3 terrible
2 stereotypes
4 ashore
3 mannerisms
5 dramatic
4 codes
6 short
5 values
7 curious
6 artefacts
8 directly
7 heritage
9 impatient
8 diversity
10 reminiscent
Ideas Focus B
Answers
Answers
1 long
2 time
3 rooted
4 present
5 standing

57
6 gone
7 honoured Grammar
8 held A
C Answers
Answers Sentence a, is an example of a standard sentence; the
others are introduced by ‘It was’ to emphasise different
1 legacy
parts of the sentence, followed by a relative clause.
2 vestiges
3 annals B
4 reign
Answers
5 heirloom
6 ancestry 1 c
7 memorial 2 e
8 revival 3 b
4 d
D
C
Answers
Answers
1a 2c 3b 4d 5c 6a
1 It was in (the year) 1536 that Spanish Conquistadors
conquered Peru.
E 2 It was they that then carried potatoes to Spain.
Answers 3 It was Sir Walter Raleigh who introduced potatoes to
1 sit Ireland in 1589.
2 close 4 It was only in 1589 that Sir Walter Raleigh
3 join introduced potatoes to Ireland.
4 hold 5 It wasn’t until nearly four decades later that
5 stay the potato had spread to the rest of Europe.
6 band 6 was this (disease) which/that caused the Irish
Potato Famine of the 1840s.
F 7 It was the Irish Potato Famine that caused the
Answers deaths of over a million people from
1 diverse starvation./ It was the Irish Potato Famine that
2 defied caused over a million people to die of
3 torn starvation.
4 integrated 8 It was fleeing the Great Hunger, as it was
5 turned his back on known there, which/that led to mass
emigration from Ireland.
G
Answers D
1 irreverent Answers
2 burial 1 Language must have given humans an advantage.
3 observance 2 Some Amazon tribes weren’t discovered until
4 likeness the 1960s.
5 satirical 3 Taking part in the tea ceremony was the highlight
6 ceremonially of the trip. / The highlight of the trip was taking
7 offerings part in the tea ceremony.
8 festive 4 We find learning about our common ancestry
fascinating.
H 5 A genetic database has been set up in Iceland.
Answers 6 Creole languages developed because traders spoke
1 insanity different languages.
2 culturally E
3 disrespectfully
4 condemnation Answers
5 sensitivity a All people need to survive is food, water and shelter.
b What the tribe does is fast for a few days.
I c What made the tribe lose their culture
Answers was globalisation.
1C 2A 3B 4A 5D 6B 7C 8D d All the logging company cared about was the
chance to make a big profit.
F
Answers
Sentence 2 is wrong because you can’t use this
structure with stative verbs.

G D
Answers Answers
1 What people tend to cling on to when they get older 1 b
are their cultural beliefs. 2 b
2 It really upsets me the way the elderly are treated 3 a
in my culture – they’re given no respect! 4 b
3 What was really interesting was the way that 5 c
the villagers deferred to a group of elderly 6 a
women before making any decisions.
4 All that I can remember from my trip to Thailand as
a child is the overwhelming heat.
Speaking
5 What they do when they eat is they put the food in
an enormous communal pot and share it as a A
family. Answers
H
Answers B
1 d Answers
2 a Students’ own answers
3 b
4 f C
5 h Answers
6 c Students’ own answers
7 e
8 g Ideas Focus
Answers
I Students’ own answers
Answers
1 All the plan means is that Writing: a report (2)
2 It was not until much later that they
3 What he will never forget A
4 It is culture which/that binds Answers
5 What amazed the anthropologist
1b 2c 3a
Listening B
A Answers
Answers 1 negative (left a lot to be desired)
Students’ own answers 2 positive (made me think twice)
3 neutral (a similar and predictable format)
B 4 negative (poorly executed)
Answers 5 positive (enthusiasm was infectious)
1 + C
2 +
Answers
3 -
4 + 1 to describe the festival and evaluate the extent to
5 - which similar events can open people’s minds to
6 + new experiences and further understanding between
7 + different cultures
8 - 2 your fellow college students; your peers
9 + 3 you have attended the festival and are
reporting about two interesting and relevant
10 -
events
C 4 two events of particular interest and relevance
Answers in regards to understanding and cooperation
5 Multicultural festival / A festival of multiculture /
1 b Cultural understanding
2 f 6 5 sections: introduction, brief description, one
3 c event, a second event, evaluation
4 e
5 a D
6 d Answers
the food stalls

59
E Conclusion
Answers There are some preconceived ideas about British
1 the introduction; it should be brief and only state people, such as they drink tea all day and are obsessed
a few facts with the weather. It would be best to ignore these and
2 Yes; the art reproductions weren’t interesting; fully embrace the true British way of life while you are
there were issues with parking here.
3 Yes; the food stalls and the art exhibition
4 Yes, in the conclusion Video 12 Rite of Passage
F
Before you watch
Answers
1 veritable A
2 fare
Answers
3 intoxicating
4 unqualified 1 A rite of passage is a ceremony or event marking an
5 vehicle important stage in life.
6 foster 2 Most commonly birth, the transition from childhood
to adulthood, marriage, and death are marked by
Useful Expressions rituals.
3 family, friends, important people to officiate, e.g.
G religious figures
Suggested answer 4 Rituals vary quite a lot from culture to culture,
based on different belief systems, but share some
The British
common features e.g. the importance of symbols,
rules, particular costumes and behaviour.
Introduction
The aim of this report is to provide international While you watch
students with an introduction to some aspects of British
culture. B
Answers
What are the British like? 1 T (00:10)
Although the British are generally seen as being 2 F (00:30)
reserved, you will find that people are usually quite 3 T (00:49)
friendly once they get to know you a little. They will 4 T (00:58)
appreciate it if you make an effort at small talk or take 5 T (01:45)
an interest in local affairs. The British are also very 6 F (04:30)
polite and often say thank you in situations you might
not. They are respectful of rules and queue politely After you watch
at bus stops, airports and shops. It is considered
exceedingly rude to queue jump. C
Answers
Humour and understatement 1 onset
Humour has a special place in British society. It can 2 ordeal
be used in many situations: to establish a welcoming 3 endurance
atmosphere, to create a sense of togetherness, to 4 representation
settle differences, to criticise, to show appreciation. As 5 rising
far as topics go, British people joke about everything. 6 emotion
Humour is often combined with understatement. 7 pollen
Depending on the tone ‘Not bad’ can actually mean 8 fertility
‘Very good’ and ‘Not bad at all’ might be considered 9 spirits
very high praise indeed. 10 clay
Informality
Relationships in the workplace and in educational
Ideas Focus
settings are very informal. Most people address their Answers
manager and other colleagues by their first names. Students’ own answers
University tutors usually expect students to address
them by their first names as well. In general, tutors
and other teaching staff are very approachable and it Review 6 (Units 11 & 12)
would not be unusual for them to join you for a coffee
during a break. In terms of clothes, style of dress Grammar Revision
depends more on personal preference than on position
or A
rank, so don’t expect to find lecturers in suits – more Answers
likely than not they will be dressed in casual jeans and 1A 2D 3C 4B 5D 6B 7D 8A
sweaters.
B 19 obscurity
Answers 20 notoriously
9 time 21 invasion
10 oral 22 privacy
11 It 23 chaotic
12 What 24 eminent
13 until
14 fast / on D
15 knowing Answers
16 of 25 All the explorers did was (to) destroy
26 was made to apologise
C 27 What she will never do is sell
Answers 28 It is studying ancient civilisations that
17 assumption 29 was the first person to climb
18 stardom 30 has the makings of

61

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Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key

Close-up C2 Student’s Book Answer Key 1

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B Writing: an essay (1)

After you watch

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phrases on the way be looming am (just) is bound in store Speaking

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Video 2 Neon Seas

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Writing: an article (1)

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What does it take to make a huge difference in C

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C dominate (7) domination (8) dominant

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Video 5 Surviving Deadly

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Writing: an article (2)

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Review 5 (Units 9 & 10)

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