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  • Properties of Electric Charge and Charge Transfer

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    Electric charge can be positive or negative. Like charges repel while opposite charges attract. Charge is quantized and conserved. The amount of charge on an object can be calculated based on the number of protons or electrons. Charge can be transferred through contact or induction. When two materials are rubbed together, electrons may jump, leaving one material negatively charged and the other positively charged according to the triboelectric series. Charging by induction occurs when a charged object polarizes a neutral object without direct contact. Grounding connects an object to the Earth to allow it to easily give up or accept excess electric charge. Conductors allow charge to move freely while insulators do not.

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    1. Electric charge

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    Electric charge can be positive or negative. Like charges repel while opposite charges attract. Charge is quantized and conserved. The amount of charge on an object can be calculated based on the number of protons or electrons. Charge can be transferred through contact or induction. When two materials are rubbed together, electrons may jump, leaving one material negatively charged and the other positively charged according to the triboelectric series. Charging by induction occurs when a charged object polarizes a neutral object without direct contact. Grounding connects an object to the Earth to allow it to easily give up or accept excess electric charge. Conductors allow charge to move freely while insulators do not.

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    4 views2 pages

    Properties of Electric Charge and Charge Transfer

    Uploaded by

    abbsa
    Electric charge can be positive or negative. Like charges repel while opposite charges attract. Charge is quantized and conserved. The amount of charge on an object can be calculated based on the number of protons or electrons. Charge can be transferred through contact or induction. When two materials are rubbed together, electrons may jump, leaving one material negatively charged and the other positively charged according to the triboelectric series. Charging by induction occurs when a charged object polarizes a neutral object without direct contact. Grounding connects an object to the Earth to allow it to easily give up or accept excess electric charge. Conductors allow charge to move freely while insulators do not.

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    of 2

    PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC CHARGE

    electric charge can bepositive of negative


    Likechargesrepel positivepositiveandnegative negative
    1
    oppositechargesattract positive negative
    electric charge is conserved it is not created or destroyed
    charge is quantized i e multiples of theelementary charge e 1.6 10 C
    proton e 11.6 10 C
    electron e 1.6 10 C
    unitofcharge Coulomb C
    How to find the number ofelectrons orprotons that make up a charge

    Totalchargey of protons
    Amountofcharge in 1proton

    ed Q 1O C howmanyprotonsmakeup Q
    1o 1018
    ofprotons a 6.25 x protons
    T
    TRANSFER OF ELECTRIC CHARGE
    charging bycontact
    this canhappenwhen a chargedobjecttouchesan unchargedobject
    alsocanhappenbyrubbing 2 uncharged objects together
    electronscanjumpto onematerialmakingthatmaterialnegativewhiletheotherispositive
    Triboelectric series
    tribomeans to rub so this seriestellsus whathappens to 2objectswhenthey're rubbed
    together
    ex if PVC is rubbedwith hard rubber whatwillbethe
    net charge on each

    hardrubberhigherupthan PVC so PVC will be


    NEGATIVE whilethehardrubber willbe POSITIVE
    PVC willtake electronsawayfrom hard rubber
    chargingbyinduction
    objects canbecharged withoutdirectcontact
    polarization of neutralobjects charge separation on anobjectthatremainsneutraloverall

    I noextra or missing electrons

    grounding
    to ground anobjectmeansto physically connect theobject to somethingthatcaneasily take or
    giveaway charge
    usually weconnect totheearthsinceit's solarge
    when anobjectis connectedto ground it cangetrid ofextra e or bringin e
    neutralobjects can beattracted to
    any chargedobject

    to neutral insulator
    molecules arepolarized

    neutral conductor
    objectpolarized

    electroscope deviceusedto detectthe presence of charge


    charging by induction example
    neutral inducedpolarization plateis groundremoved netcharge
    but neutral grounded
    Ff Ft II
    ground

    CONDUCTORS INSULATORS
    conductors allowselectric electrons charges to move freely
    ex metalssaltywaterelectric electrons charges to move freely
    insulators does notallow
    ex purewaterglass rubber plastic

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