.

RAMGARH GAS THERMAL POWER PLANT,

JAISALMER
A

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

Degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted to: Submitted By:

Mrs. Pooja Soni Mr. Abhishek Karwasra
(T&P Incharge,EE) (III B. Tech., V Sem.)

Department of Electrical Engineering

Jodhpur Institute of Engineering & Technology,
JIET Group of Institutions, Jodhpur.
Bikaner Technical University, Bikaner
(Raj.)2020-24

i
 SELF CERTIFICATION

I Mr. Abhishek Karwasra hereby undertake that, I have completed 45 days

summertraining at RAMGARH GAS & THERMAL POWER PLANT,
JAISALMER from 27/06/2022 to 10/08/2022.
The record of practical training is prepared by me and submitted for the partial
fulfilment of the Requirement of the degree Bachelor of Technology in
Electrical Engineering of Jodhpur Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Jodhpur.

Mr. Abhishek Karwasra Countersigned:

Date: Prof. Chandershekhar Singh
Place: Jodhpur (HEAD-EE)

ii
COMPANY Certificate

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my privilege to express sincere thanks to Mr. ASHWANI JOSHI (Assoc.

Prof.) for their unconditional cooperation and support. They have served us
with the excellent research facilities, exquisite equipment’s and helped us in
all of his capabilities to make it a fruitful experience.

I acknowledge with thanks the kind of patronage to Mr. AVINASH JAIN

(J.En.) for his loving inspiration, timely guidance, for providing us with all
the finer detail of the Transformer, switch yards and bus bars. He has helped
us throughout the training in all respects to complete this task.

I would like to express my heart full thanks Head of Department (Electrical

Engineering), JIET and Training and Placement Officer, JIET Jodhpur, for
encouraging me to take training at such an esteemed organization.

(Mr. Abhishek
Karwasra

Roll No.

20EJIEE002

iv
 LIST OF FIGURE

Figure No. Title of Figure Page No.

Fig. 1.1 Ramgarh Gas Thermal Power Plant Entrance 1
Fig. 1.2 Power Plant View 2
Fig. 2.1 Brayton Cycle 7
Fig. 2.2 Rankine Cycle 8
Fig. 3.1 Operation of RGTPP 10
Fig. 5.1 Steam Turbine 15
Fig. 5.2 Bearing 16
Fig. 5.3 Steam Turbine Cover 16

v
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title of Table Page No.

Table 1.1 Total Energy Generated 4
Table 1.2 Gas (full) Component 5
Table 5.1 Steam Turbine Generator 18
Table 5.2 Insulation Level 20

vi
 INDEX
Certificate ii
Acknowledgement iv
List of Figures v
List of Tables vi

CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION ABOUT RGTPP 1-5

1.1 First Unit 1

1.2 Second Unit 2

1.3 Availability of water 3

1.4 Electricity Transmission system 3

1.5 Expected System Operation 3

1.6 Gas Transportation System 4

CHAPTER-2: POWER PLANT CYCLE 6-6

2.1 Open Cycle 6

2.2 Combined Cycle 6
2.3 Advantages of Combined Cycle Process 7

CHAPTER-3: BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF PLANT

OPERATION
9-10

CHAPTER-4: GAS TURBINE

4.1 Compressor 11

vii
 4.2 Combustors 11
4.3 Transition Pieces 11
4.4 Turbine 11
4.5 Exhaust 12

CHAPTER-5 CONSTUCTION DETAILS OF

GENERATOR & EXCITOR 13-21
5.1 Stator 14
5.1.1 Stator frame 14
5.1.2 Stator core 14
5.1.3 Stator windings 14
5.1.4 Stator and covers 15
5.2 Rotor 16
5.2.1 Rotor shaft 16
5.2.2 Rotor winding and retaining ring 16
5.2.3 Field connections 16
5.3 Bearings 17
5.4 Air Cooling Circuits 20
5.5 Excitation System 20

CHAPTER-6 132 KV SWICTH YARD 22-26

6.1 Bus Bar 22
6.2 Insulators 22
6.3 Isolators 22
6.4 Circuit Breakers 23
6.5 Protective Relays 24

viii
 6.6 Current Transformer 25
6.7 Potential Transformers (PT)/Voltage Transformer (VT) 25
6.8 Lightning Arrestors 25
6.9 Current Voltage Transformers 26
6.10 Wave Trap 26
6.11 Bus Coupler 26

CONCLUSION 27

BIBLOGRAPHY 28

ix
 Chapter: 1

INTRODUCTION ABOUT RGTPP

RGTPP is located near Ramgarh Town at about 60 km from district head quarter,
Jaisalmer (Rajasthan), which is largest district of the state. Its installed capacity is 270
MW. And this plant is located in largest state of India, based on area

There was problem in maintaining desired quality standards in electric supply to

Jaisalmer on account of excess losses because of longer transmission lines. To rectify
above problem and to utilize available natural gas in this area RGTPP was established
in this border district whose existing capacity is 270 MW.

Seeing the increasing demand of electricity in this region for various purposes like for
providing drinking water in desert area, flood lighting on INDO-PAK Border fencing
etc.., state Govt. found it essential to raise the capacity of RGTPP and therefore
Rajasthan Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd. established here two more units in second phase
of the project. In second phase, one gas turbine of 50 MW capacities and one steam
turbine of 37.5 MW capacities were installed.

Fig. 1.1-Ramgarh Gas Thermal Power Plant Entrance

1
1.1 First Unit
Necessary equipments for this power plant were supplied by Bharat Heavy Electrical
Ltd. (BHEL), and building construction was carried out by Rajasthan State Bridge
Construction Corporation. This unit is capable to generate power using both gas and
diesel. In power plant 12 underground tanks are constructed for storage of diesel having
total capacity of 2520KLt. In This Stage Gas Turbine (GT-1) Is Used Which Includes
Unit Of 50 MW and steam turbine (ST-1) is used which include unit of 37.5
MW.

1.2 Second Unit

First unit of this power plant is being operated by open cycle system, resulting in higher
cost on electricity generation. Reduction in cost is only possible when first unit is
operated on Combined Cycle System. So, under expansion program of this project,
work of installation of a gas ne and steam turbine is taken in hand.

Fig. 1.2: Power Plant View

2
In this system, electricity will be generated by a steam turbine utilizing heat obtained
from exhaust of gas turbines through a Heat Recovery Boiler. Thus, no additional fuel
will be required for operating Steam Turbine.

Under stage-II, one Gas Turbine Unit (110 MW) was commissioned and synchronized
with the grid on June 2010 The Steam Turbine Unit (50 MW) was also commissioned
and synchronized with the grid on June 2010 and thus the plant has been made
operational in combined cycle mode with a total capacity of 270 MW.

1.3 Availability Of Water

Requirement of water for power plant is supplied through Sagar Mal Gopa branch of
Indira Gandhi Nahar Project. (IGNP). FOR THIS A 27 KM Long , 5.4 cusec capacity
pipe line is laid from RD-190 of Sagar Mal Gopa Branch to power plant & another pipe
line from RD200. For ensuring proper electric supply requirements, a Substation of
capacity 2X250KVA, 33/0.4KV, and a pumping station has been established at RD-
190 in addition to construction of a water storage tank of capacity 77000m3 at power
plant.

1.4 Electricity Transmission System

To ensure efficient transmission of electricity generated in the power plant, a 215km
long Ramgarh-Jaisalmer-Barmer line & 165km Ramgarh-Pokaran of 132 KV has been
laid.

1.5 Expected System Operation

In spite of unfavorable geographical conditions and supply of gas of lower quality than
expectation, expected electricity is being generated in this power plant.

The details of total energy generated from this power station during years are as under:

3
 Table 1.1: Total Energy Generated

YEARS ENERGY GENERATED (MU)

1999-00 228
2000-01s 229
2001-02 120
2002-03 221
2003-04 238
2004-05 361.13
2005-06 435.6
2006-07 404.14
2007-08 414.11
2008-09 348.67
2009-10 424.11
2010-11 430.15
2011-12 431.98
2014-15 1267.83
2015-16 1522.57
2016-17 1426.75
2017-18 1449.13
2018-19 (till 31 Dec. 2018) 820.90

1.6 Gas Transportation System

ONGC and IOCL are engaged in exploration of oil and natural gas deposits in western
Rajasthan. Gas Authority Of India Ltd. (GAIL) laid down 12”diameter and 35 km long
pipe line for supply of gas from Gamnewala based gas collection plant to Ramgarh, which
has been further extended upto Dandewala gas field of Oil India Ltd. Total distance of

4
Dandewala Terminal, is approximately 67 km from Ramgarh Terminal. This pipe line is
being maintained by GAIL.

Gas, which is use in plant, is mixture of different gas.

Table 1.2: Gas (full) Component

GAS PERCENTAGE
NITROGEN 31.9064 %

METHANE 48.5668 %

CARBON DIOXIDE 18.8793 %

ETHAN 0.5009 %

PROPANE 0.0333 %

ISO-BUTANE 0.0285 %

N-BUTANE 0.0513 %

ISO-PENANE 0.0185 %

N-PENANE 0.0130 %

HEXANE 0.0000 %

5
 Chapter- 2 POWER PLANT CYCLE

Ramgarh Gas thermal power station is Combined Cycle power station.

2.1 Open Cycle

When Gas Turbine (GT) exhaust is diverted directly into the atmosphere due to no
provision of HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generator) or non availability of HRSG then
it is called as GT is running in open cycle. In open cycle as gas turbine high exhaust
gas is not utilized for heat transfer in boiler so its efficiency will come down.

2.2 Combined Cycle

When Gas Turbine exhaust is diverted to HRSG in which high temperature Gas Turbine
exhaust gas passes through HP Super Heater, HP Evaporator, HP Economizer, LP
Evaporator, LP Economizer, and Condenser Preheated (CPH) thus heat of gas turbine
exhaust gas absorbed by above series of bank located inside the HRSG and temperature
of gas turbine exhaust which is about 570 deg C will come down to 135 deg C.

By utilizing the heat of gas turbine exhaust HRSG (Boiler) generates Steam which is
used to run Steam Turbine Generator (STG).

Thus we can generate an additional power (about 50 % of the gas turbine generation)
in Steam Turbine Generator without any extra fuel cost. Thus we can get 30% extra
efficiency by running the gas turbine in combined cycle.

As gas turbine is operated on Brayton Cycle principle and Steam Turbine is rotated
on Rankine cycle principle that is why it is called Combined Cycle.

2.3 Advantages of Combined Cycle Process

• Decreases in capital cost per mw installed.

• High overall efficiency i.e. 48%.

6
 • Compact in size.

• Low main power required for its operation and maintenance.

• Low water requirement.

• Pollution free atmosphere and clean works place.

• Low installation time.

• High reliability and flexibility of the plant.

2.4 Brayton Cycle

Fig. 2.1: Brayton Cycle

7
2.5 Rankine Cycle

Fig . 2.2: Rankine Cycle

8
Chapter-3 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF PLANT OPERATION

At RGTPP gas to the turbines is being supplied through GAIL terminal from oil wells of
ONGC and OIL, which are attached to discover oil and natural gas recourses in Western
Rajasthan. The quantity of the gas is 9.5 Lac SCM per day. From GAIL Terminal gas is
supplied to Gas Booster Compressor (GBC motor) at pressure of 10-15kg/cm2 and
quantity of gas is 9.5 Lac SCM/day.

The work of the Gas Boost Compressor is to compress gas and to supply required pressure
of gas for power production to gas turbine. In compressing process by GBC the pressure of
the gas increases from 10-15kg/cm2 to 18-23kg/cm2. The output of the GBC motor is first
merged and then is divided further, before blowing into the Combustion Chamber. There
are two GBC motor in RGTPS, GT-1 and GT-2. The blowing pressure is 18-23 kg/cm2.

Combustion Chamber is a place where ignition of fuel mixed with air occurs with the help
of the sparkplugs, the voltage on both of the sparkplugs is 15000 V dc. On combustion, the
gas gets mixed with air then the gas will expand and air pressure will increases. This air
exhausts on the gas turbine buckets & nozzles and gas turbine starts to rotate. There are
two generators of 35.5 MW and 37.5 MW attached with GT-1 and GT-2 respectively,
mounted on the same shaft as the turbine. So GT-1 and GT-2 produces 35.5 and 37.5 MW
electricity respectively.

The exhaust of GT is flue gases. The temperature of flue gas is near about 500 deg C. This
exhaust may also be relieved into the atmosphere with the help of controlled valves.
But this exhaust is taken in use to produce electricity. So this power plant is called
Combined Cycle Power plant. This exhaust (flue gas) of the gas turbine is further passed
into the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). It is a boiler. Water circulating in
drum is superheated with the help of flue gases. This superheated steam runs the Steam
Turbine Generator, so it is called unfired combined cycle.

The generator is mounted on the same shaft as of the steam turbine, produces 37.5 MW
electricity. The steam which is blowing on the gas turbine should be superheated.

9
The generator is mounted on the same shaft as of the steam turbine, produces 37.5 MW

electricity. The steam which is blowing on the gas turbine should be superheated. Steam

should be superheated so that1. No corrosion will be occur,

2. Enthalpy drop will be less.

Power generation is also done at low voltage because of the insulation problem.

If the power generation is done at high voltage then there are following disadvantages-

1. Losses will be more

2. Wire also may burn out

3. High Insulation will be required which is very costly

Fig. 3.1 Operation of RGTPP

10
 Chapter: 4 GAS TURBINE
Turbine Equipments

4.1 Compressor
The atmosphere air is compressed to the 17 stage compressor and before it passes through
the filter. The compressor ratio is 10 and this air is routed to the combustors. The
compressor used in the plant is of rotatory type. The air at atmospheric pressure is drawn
by the compressor via the filter which removes the dust from the air. There are 396 no. of
filters connected in different rows. These filters are made up of cellulose fiber. The rotatory
blades of the compressor push the air between stationary blades to raise its pressure

4.2 Combustors
The fuel (gas) is provided to ten equal flow lines, each terminating at a fuel nozzle centered
in the end plate of a ten separate combustion chamber and prior to being distributed to the
nozzles, the fuel is actually controlled at a rate consistent with the speed and load
requirements of gas turbine. The nozzle introduces the fuel into the combustion chambers
where it mixes with the combustion air and is ignited by the sparkplugs. At instant when
fuel is ignited in one combustion chamber, flame is propagated through connecting
crossfire tubes to all other combustion chambers.

4.3 Transition Pieces

The hot gases from the combustion chambers expand into the ten separate transition pieces
and from there to the three stage turbine section of the machine.

4.4 Turbine
There are three stages of the turbine and each consists of a row of fixed nozzles followed
by a row of rotating turbine buckets. In each nozzle row, the kinetic energy of the jet is
increased with an associated pressure drop and in each following row of a moving buckets,
a portion of the kinetic energy of the jet is absorbed as useful work on the turbine rotor.

11
4.5 Exhaust
After passing through the third stage buckets, the gases are directed into the exhaust hood
diffuser which contains a series of turning vanes to turn the gases from an axial direction
to a radial direction, thereby minimizing exhaust hood losses. The gases then pass into the
exhaust plenum and are introduced to atmosphere through the exhaust stack or to the
H.R.S.G.

12
 Chapter: 5 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF GENERATOR
AND EXCITER

Generator:
The generator is two pole, cylindrical rotor, air cooled type-TARI, Siemens, Designs of
BHEL make.

Main components of generator are –

5.1 Stator

5.1.1 Stator frame

5.1.2 Stator core

5.1.3 Stator windings

5.1.4 Stator and covers

5.2 Rotor
5.2.1 Rotor Shaft

5.2.2 Rotor winding and retaining ring

5.2.3 Field connections

5.3 Bearings

5.4 Generator and Air Cooler

5.5 Excitation System

13
5.1 Stator:

5.1.1 Stator Frame:

Stator frame supports the laminated core and stator winding. It is welded construction
consisting of stator frame housing, two flanged rings, axial and radial ribs. The dimensions
and arrangement of ribs is determined by cooling air passage and required material strength
and stiffness. Ventilating air ducts are provided in the radial ribs.
Footings are provided to support the stator frame on foundation plates by means of bolts.

5.1.2 Stator Core:

Stator core is build from silicon steel electrical grade laminations. Each lamination is made
up from number of individual segments. Segments are stacked on insulating bars which
hold them in position. One bar is kept un- insulated to provide grounding of laminated core.

The laminations are hydraulically compressed and located in frame by means of camping
bolts and pressure plates.

Clamping bolts run through the core and are made of non magnetic steel and are insulated
from the core to prevent short circuiting of the core. Clamping fingers are provided at the
ends which ensure compression in teeth area. The clamping fingers are made up of non
magnetic steel to avoid eddy current losses.

5.1.3 Stator Winding:

Stator winding is two layers short pitch winding consisting of stator bars of rectangular
cross section.

Each bar consists of number of separately insulated strands. In slot portion the strands are
transposed to ensure uniform distribution of current over entire cross section of the bar.
The high voltage insulation is epoxy cast resin type bonded with mica. The insulation is
continuous, void free, extremely low moisture absorbent, oil resistant and exhibits excellent
electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. A coat of semi conducting varnish is applied
over the surface of all bars within the sot range to minimize corona discharges between and
slot wall.

All the bars are additionally provided with end corona protection to control the field at that
location and to prevent formation of creep age sparks. Several layers of semi conductive
varnish are applied at varying lengths to ensure uniform electric field. A final wrapping of

14
glass fabric tape impregnated with epoxy resin is provided which serves as surface
protection. The stator bars are inserted in slots with very small clearances. At the top they
are secured by slot wedges and ripple springs. In the end windings the bars are firmly lasted
to supporting brackets. Spacer blockers are placed between the bars to take care of
electromagnetic forces that may be produced during short-circuits. The beginning and the
ends of the three phase winding are solidly bolted to output leads with flexible.
Output leads are copper flats inserted into insulating sleeve.

5.1.4 Stator End Covers:

Stator and covers are attached to the end flanges of stator frame and rest on a foundation
frame. The end covers aluminum alloy castings.

Fig. .5.1 Steam Turbine

15
 Fig. 5.2- Bearing

Fig 5.3 Steam Turbine Cover

16
5.2 Rotor:

5.2.1 Rotor Shaft:

The rotor shaft is single piece solid forging. Slots for winding are miled into rotor body.
Axial and radial holes are provided at the base of the rotor teeth forming air cooling ducts.

5.2.2 Rotor Winding:

The rotor winding consists of several series connected coils which form north and south
poles. The conductors have rectangular cross section and are provided with axial slots for
radial discharge of hot air. Individual conductor is bend to obtain half turn. After insertion
into slots these turns are brazed to form one full turn. Individual coils are series connected
so that one north and one South Pole are obtained. Conductors are made of copper having
0.1% silver content to provide high strength at higher temperatures so that coil deformation
due to thermal stresses is avoided. Individual turn of the coil is insulated with glass fiber
tape. Glass fiber laminates are used slot insulation.

To protect the winding against the effects of centrifugal forces the winding is secured in
the slots with wedges. Slot wedges are made from alloy high strength and high electrical
conductivity material. This also acts as damper winding. At the ends, slot wedges are short
circuited through the retaining ring which acts as short circuiting ring to induced currents
in damper windings.
Retaining rings of high strength of non magnet steel are provided.

5.2.3 Field Connections:

The connections of the rotor windings are brought out at the exciter side shaft end through
rotor shaft bore.

5.3 Bearings
The rotor is supported in two sleeve bearings. To eliminate shaft currents the exciter end
bearing is insulated from the foundation frame & oil piping. Temperatures of the bearing
are monitored by two RTDs embedded in the lower half of the sleeve bearing. Bearings
also have provision of fixing vibration pickups to monitor bearing vibrations transmitted
from the shaft.

17
 Table 5.1: Steam Turbine Generator

HEADER PRESSURE (Kg/cm2) 8.8 Kg/cm2

LUBE OIL TANK TEMPERATURE (deg 50 deg C

C)

AUXILARY STEAM PRESSURE 11.2 Kg/cm2

AUXILARY STEAM TEMPERATURE 180 deg C

(deg C)

CONDENSOR VACCUME VALUE -0.92 Kg/cm2

(Kg/cm2)

SEAL STEAM PRESSURE (Kg/cm2) 0.3 Kg/cm2

SEAL STEAM TEMPRATURE (deg C) 120 deg c

CEP HEADER PRESSURE (Kg/cm2) 15 Kg

CEP MOTOR CURRENT (amp) 95 amp

HPCV POSITION 0-100%

LPCV POSITION 0-100%

CONTROL OIL PRESSURE (Kg/cm2) 8 Kg/cm2

TRIP OIL PRESSURE (deg C) 9 Kg/cm2

BEARING OIL PRESSURE(Kg/cm2) 0.35 Kg/cm2

BEARING OIL TEMPRETURE (deg C) 55 deg C

STEAM TURBINE rpm 3000 rpm

GENERATOR rpm 3000 rpm

GENERATING VOLTAGE (k V) 11kv

TURBINE MW 37.5 MW

18
 Table 5.2: Insulation Level

TYPE OF COOLING ONAN/ONAF

RATING H.V (M.V.A) 40/50

RATING L.V (M.V.A) 40/50

NO LOAD VOLTAGE H.V (KV) 138

NO LOAD VOLTAGE L.V (KV) 11

LINE CURRENT H.V (AMPS.) 167.35 209.19

LINE CURRENT L.V (AMPS.) 2099.46 2624.32

TEMPRETURE RISE OIL (DEGREE C) 50 deg

TEMPRATURE RISE WINDING 55 deg

(DEGREE C)

PHASE 3

FREQUENCY (Hz) 50

CONNECTION SYMBOL YNd 11

MANUFACTURING UNIT JHANSI

% GURANTED IMPEDANCE AT 12.5 + ISTOL ( AT 50 MVA BASED)

NORMAL TAP VOLTAGE % (HV-LV)

CORE AND WINDING 35000

WEIGHT OF OIL (Kg) (INCLUDING 21500

10% EXTRA)

TOTAL WEIGHT INCLUDING OIL 87000

(Kg)

OIL QUANTITY (LITRE) 24000

(INCLUDING 10% EXTRA)

19
 TRANSPORT WEIGHT (Kg) (GAS 45000
FILLED)

UNTAKING WEIGHT (Kg) 35000

H.V 650 KVP/300 K.V.rms

L.V 75 KVP/28 K.V.rms

H.V.N 95 KVP/38 K.V.rms

5.4. Air Cooling Circuits:

The cooling air is circulated in the generator by two axial flow fans fixed at each end of the
rotor shaft. Cold air is drawn by fans from cooler compartment located at the side of the
generator.

The cooling air directed into the rotor end winding and cools the windings. Some air flows
in the rotor slots at bottom duct from where it is discharged into the air gap via radial
ventilating slots in the coil and bores in the rotor wedges.

Part of the flow is directed over the stator overhang to the cold air duct and to the gap
between the stator frame and stator core. Air then flows through ventilating ducts in the
core into the air gap.

The balanced air is directed into the air gap over the retaining rings cooling it.

5.5 Excitation System:

The excitation system is of brushless type and consists of following-

1. three phase pilot exciter

2. three phase main exciter

3. rectified wheel

20
The three phase pilot exciter is a permanent magnet type. Three phase output from the pilot
exciter is fed into the AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator).From the AVR regulated dc
output is fed to the stationary field coils of main exciter. The three phase output from the
rotating armature of the main exciter is fed to the rectifier wheel, from where it is fed to the
field winding of the generator rotor through dc leads in the rotor shaft.

5.5.1 Pilot Exciter:

Pilot exciter is six pole units. The stator is consists of laminated core and carries three phase
winding. Rotor consists of hub on which six permanent magnets poles are mounted.

5.5.2 Main Exciter:

Main exciter is six pole revolving armature types. Field winding and poles are mounted on
stator. At the pole shoe the damper winding is provided. Between the two poles a quadrature
axis coil is fitted for induced measurement of armature current or generator rotor current.

5.5.3 Rectifier Wheel:

Main components of the rectifier wheels are silicon diodes arranged in three phase bridge
configuration. Each diode is fixed in a heat sink. A fuse provided for each diode to switch
off the diode when it fails. These fuses in the diodes can be checked while generator is
running, with the help of stroboscope.

21
 Chapter : 6
132 KV SWITCH YARD

Ramgarh GTPP contains 132 KV switch Yard. The switchyard houses transformers, circuit
breakers, and switches for connecting and disconnecting the transformers and circuit
breakers. It also has lightning arrestors for the protection of power station against lightning
strokes.

The supply to the bus bars from alternators is taken through the transformers and circuit
breakers of suitable ratings.

Some components are-

6.1 Bus Bars:

Bus –Bars term is used for a main bar or conductor carrying an electric current to which
many connections may be made.

There are two buses of 132 KV, 800A, in Ramgarh GTPP to which incoming and outgoing
feeders, Bus Couplers, Isolators, Circuit Breakers, protective Relays, Current Transformers
(CT) and Potential Transformers (PT) are connected are connected.

One Bus is usually is called ‘main’ bus and the other ‘auxiliary’ or ‘transfer’ bus.

The switches used for connecting feeders or equipment to one bus or the other are called
selector or transfer switches.

6.2 Insulators:
The porcelain insulators employed in switch yard of the post and bushing type. They serve
as supports and insulation of the bus bars.

6.3 Isolators:
Isolator is a off load switch. Isolators are not equipped with arc quenching devices and
therefore, not used to open circuits carrying current. Isolator isolates one portion of the
circuit from another and is not intended to be opened while current is flowing. Isolators
must not be opened until the circuit is interrupted by some other means. If an isolator is
opened carelessly, when a heavy current, the resulting arc could easily cause a flash over

22
to earth. This may shatter the supporting insulators and may even cause the fatal accident
to the operator, particularly in high voltage circuits.

While closing a circuit, the isolator is closed first, then circuit breaker. Isolators are
necessary on supply side of circuit breakers in order to ensure isolation (disconnection) of
the circuit breaker from the live parts for the purpose of maintenance.

6.4 Circuit Breakers:

A circuit breaker is an on load switch. A circuit breaker is a mechanical device designed to
open or close contact members, thus closing or opening an electrical circuit under normal
or abnormal conditions. It is so designed that it can be operated manually (or by remote
control) under normal conditions and automatically under fault conditions. An automatic
circuit breaker is equipped with a trip coil connected to a relay or other means, designed to
open or break automatically under abnormal conditions, such as over current. SF6 circuit
breakers are used in RGTPP.

A circuit breaker must carry normal load currents without over heating or damage and must
quickly open short-circuit currents without serious damage to itself and with a minimum
burning contacts. Circuit breakers are rated in maximum voltage, maximum continuous
current carrying capability, and maximum interrupting capability, maximum momentary
and 4-second current carrying capability.

Thus functions of the circuit breaker are-

1. To carry fill load current continuously

2. To open and close the circuit on no load

3. To make and break the normal operating current

To make and break the short circuit currents of magnitude up to which it is designed for.

23
6.5 Protective Relays:
The protective relay is an electrical device interposed between the main circuit and the
circuit breaker in such a manner that any abnormality in the current acts on the relay, which
in turn, if the abnormality is of dangerous character, causes the breaker to open and so to
isolate the faulty element. The protective relay ensures the safety of the circuit equipment
from any damage, which might otherwise caused by fault.

All the relays have three essential fundamental elements-

1. Sensing Element, sometimes also called the measuring elements,

responds to thechange actuating quantity, the current in a protected system in case of over
current relay.

2. Comparing Element serves to compare the action of the actuating

quantity on therelay with a pre-selected relay setting.

3. Control Element, on a pickup of the relay, accomplishes a sudden

change in thecontrol quantity such as closing of the operative current circuit.

The connections are divided into three main circuits consisting of

(a) Primary winding of the CT connected in series with the main circuit to be protected.

(b) Secondary winding of the CT and the relay operating winding and

(c) The tripping circuit

Under normal operating conditions, the voltage induced in the secondary winding of the
CT is small and, therefore, current flowing in the relay-operating coil is insufficient in
magnitude to close the relay contacts. This keeps the trip coil of the circuit breaker
deenergized. Consequently, the circuit breaker contacts remain closed and it carries the
normal load current. When a fault occurs, a large current flows through the primary of the
CT. this increases the voltage induced in the secondary and hence the current flowing
through the relay operating coil. The relay contacts are closed and the trip coil of the breaker
gets energized to open the breaker contacts.

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6.6 Current Transformers (CT)
A current transformer basically consists of an iron core on which are wound a primary and
one or two secondary windings. The primary is inserted in the power circuit (the circuit in
which the current is to be measured) and the secondary winding of the current transformer
is connected to the indicating and metering equipments and relays are connected.

At GTPP, current transformers are provided in switchyard to measure the current of the
feeders. There are five cores in current transformers. The 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th cores are
provided for protection and the third core is used for measurement purpose.

These CT are of the ratio of 200/1, 400/1, and 1200/1. When the rated current of CT flows
through its primary winding, according to transformation ratio the current in the secondary
of the CT will flow and will be measured by the indicating instruments connected to the
secondary of the CT.

6.7 Potential Transformers (PT)/ Voltage Transformer (VT)

At GTPP, in switchyard, there are two voltage transformers, namely VT-1 and VT-2, to
measure the voltage on the bus bars. The primary winding of the VT is connected to the
main bus bar of the switchgear installation and, various indicating and metering equipments
and relays are connected to the secondary winding. When the rated high voltage is applied
to the primary of the voltage transformer, the voltage of some specific value will appear on
the secondary of the VT, and the indicating equipments measure this.

6.8 Lightning Arrestors:

A lightning arrester is basically a surge diverter and used for the protection of power system
against the high voltage surges. It is connected between the line and earth so as to divert
the incoming extra high voltage wave to the earth.

It consists of a linear resistance. At GTPP, it is so designed that at 132 KV its resistance

remains infinity and during lightning, when the excess incoming voltage (near about 1 crore
or 10 crore) falls on the line, this resistance, falls down to zero value and it shorts the circuit,
resulting in flow of lightning current to earth.

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6.9 Current Voltage Transformers (CVT)
CVT are provided for synchronization purpose at feeders to measure phase angle, voltage
and frequency. For joining the feeders coming from different places or for synchronization
of feeder’s voltage, phase angle and frequency at the joining place must be of same value.

6.10 Wave Trap:

All the telephone lines in RGTPP are connected through Wave Trap to ensure effective
communication in emergencies.

6.11 Bus Coupler:

Bus coupler is connected to couple two buses, which are provided in parallel. When fault
occurs in one bus, load of the faulted bus is transferred to the second bus.

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 CONCLUSION

After analyzing the RGTPP 270.5 MW combined cycle power plant, I can describe that
this power plant is a very efficient one as compared to other power plants in its series.

Also, I would like to add up that it is very compact in size, less pollute to nature, easily
controlled & decent power plant that is had ever seen.

I really had nice time here & got a treasure of practical knowledge from the RGTPP
employees. In future I am sure that this vocational training in RGTPP is going to help me
in our rest of the studies

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books collected:
Power System by J.B. Gupta

 Websites:

• www.ntpc.co.in

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramgarh_Gas_Thermal_Power_Station

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