TOPIC: Flexural Analysis of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Section

Prepared by: ENGR. RANDY G. POLICARPIO

PROBLEM 3.
Required:
a. Location of the neutral axis, kd.
b. Determine the cracked moment of inertia.
c. Determine the stresses in concrete and steel.
d. Determine the allowable moment.
e. Check adequacy.

bw  350mm dia  36mm Ma  250 kN m f'c  28MPa

h  560mm nbar1layer  3 nbar1layer = number of bar - first layer

fy  300MPa
b f  800mm
nbar2layer  3 nbar2layer = number of bar - 2nd layer
Es  200000MPa
tf  80mm

page 1
 SOLUTION:

Using transformed- area method

Solving for the Modulus of Elasticity of concrete, Ec (MPa)

Ec  4700 f'c Ec  24870.062 MPa

Es
Modular ratio; n  n  8.042 say: n  8
Ec

A s1  n bar1layer   ( dia )   3053.628

 2
Area of Steel
 4 

A s2  n bar2layer   ( dia )   3053.628

 2
 4 

Solving for the location of the N.A., kd (mm), reference axis: top of beam

Area of Concrete, Aconc (mm2): 

A conc1  bf  b w  tf 
2
A conc1 ( 800mm  350mm)  ( 80mm) 36000mm

A conc2 bw (kd )

A conc2 ( 350mm)  kd

Distance of concrete section centroid from tf 80mm

y 1  y1 y 1  40 mm
reference axis, y1 (mm): 2 2

kd
y2
2 page 2
Transformed area of Steel,: 
( n )  A s1  A s2 


( 8)  6107.26mm
2  48858.05mm
2

centroid of group of steel, y3 (mm): Using Varignon's Theorem

A s1  ( 80)  A s2  ( 180)
y 3 
A s1  A s2

y 3  130

d  h  y 3
Distance of centroid of group of steel from reference
axis, d (mm):

d 500mm  130mm 430mm

Total area: AT 
A conc1  A conc2  ( n) A s1  As2 
2 2
AT 36000mm  ( 350mm)  ( kd )  48858.05mm

Using Varignon"s Theorem, taking moment of area about the top of the beam

AT ( kd ) 
Aconc1  y1  Aconc2  y2  ( n) As1  As2  d 

36000mm2  ( 350mm)  ( kd )  48858.05mm2  kd 36000mm2 80mm  [(350mm)(kd )] kd   48858.05mm2(430mm)

 2   2

kd  ( 350mm)  ( kd )  84858.05mm 

2 2
1440000  175 kd  21008961.50

2 2
350kd  84858.05kd 175kd  22448961.50

2 page 3
175kd  84858.05kd  22448961.50 0
 Using Quadratic Formula:
2
( 84858.05)  ( 84858.05)  4 ( 175)  ( 22448961.50)
kd 
2 ( 175)

kd  190.056 say: kd  190.06 mm

Alternative Solution: using Qtop Qbottom

36000mm2(kd  40mm)  (350)(kd ) kd   

n  A s1  A s2  ( d  kd )
 2

( 36000mm)  ( kd )  144000  175 kd

2 48858.05mm2(430mm  kd )
2
( 36000)  ( kd )  144000  175 kd ( 48858.05)  ( 430)  48858.05 ( kd )
2
175kd  84858.05kd  22448961.50 0

Using Quadratic Formula:

2
( 84858.05)  ( 84858.05)  4 ( 175)  ( 22448961.50)
kd 
2 ( 175)

kd  190.056 say: kd  190.06 mm

b. Solving for the cracked moment of inertia, Icr (mm4):

  Ix  A  d
2
Icr
 

bf   3
 bw  tf  tf 
2
bw ( kd )
3
  bf  bw tf   kd     ( n)   As1  As2 ( d  kd )
2
Icr 
12  2 3

 ( 800  350)  ( 80) 3 2 3

2
 ( 800  350)  ( 80)   190.06 
80  ( 350)  ( 190.06)
Icr      ( 48858.05)  ( 430  190.06) 
 12  2 3 

4
Icr  4443639879.741 say: Icr  4443639880 mm
page 4
c. Solving for the stresses in concrete and steel

For the stresses in concrete, fc (MPa):

M a kd
fc
Icr

2
Ma ( 1000)  kd
fc 
Icr

( 250)  ( 1000) 2N  mm  ( 190.06mm)

fc
4
4443639880mm

fc  10.69 MPa

For the stress in steel, fs (MPa):

fs1 M a [ ( h  80)  kd ]
n Icr

 ( 250)  10002 [ ( 560  80)  190.06] 

fs1  8  
 4443639880 

fs1  130.50 MPa

fs2 M a [ ( h  180)  kd ]
n Icr

 ( 250)  10002 [ ( 560  180)  190.06] 

fs2  8  
 4443639880 

fs2  85.49 MPa

page 5
d. Solving for the allowable moment
Allowable moment for concrete, Mc (kN m),

Using flexure stress formula and the allowable stress of concrete:

M c kd
fcallowable
Icr

hence: fcallowable  
0.45 f'c

M c kd
 
0.45 f'c
Icr

 0.45 f'c  Icr  1

Mc   
 kd  10002


 0.45  28 N   4443639880mm4


2
  mm   1
Mc  
 190.06mm  10002

Mc  294.59 kN  m

Allowable moment for steel, Ms (kN m),

Using flexure stress formula and the allowable stress of steel:

fsallowable Ms  ( d  kd )
n Icr

hence: fsallowable  
0.5 fy

 
0.5 fy M s  ( d  kd )
n Icr

 0.5 fy  Icr  1

Ms   
 n ( d  kd )  10002


 0.5  276 N   4443639880mm4
 

  mm2   1
Ms  
 8 ( 430mm  190.06mm)  10002

page 6
Ms  347.246 kN  m
 Therefore the allowable moment of the beam is (Select the smaller value)

Mallowable  294.59

e. Check the adequacy

Comparing the acting stress vs.allowable stress

fc 10.69MPa  fcallowable  
0.45 f'c 12.6MPa

fs1 130.50MPa  fsallowable 0.5fy 150MPa

fs2 85.49MPa  fsallowable 0.5fy 150MPa

therefore beam is safe for the given load

Comparing the acting moment vs. allowable moment

Ma 250kN m  Mallowable 294.59MPa

Indeed the beam is safe

page 7