Problem 10 - REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN UNDER BIAXIAL

BENDING
Using (a) Bresler Reciprocal Method
(b) Bresler Load Contour Method
Prepared by: Engr. RANDY G. POLICARPIO

GIVEN :
SECTIONS :
b. Strength:
a. Concrete:
f'c = 35 Concrete Strength- MPa
h = 600 Column Depth, mm
fy = 414 Bar Yield- MPa
b = 400 Column Width, mm
Es = 200000 Modulus of elasticity, MPa

c. Reinforcement:

Bar = 32 Bar Size, mm

tie = 10 Tie size, mm
cover = 40 Clear Cover- mm.

Nx = 3 Total No. of Bars in Row 1 Ny = 3 Total No. of Bars in Column 1

1 1

Nx = 2 Total No. of Bars in Row 2 Ny = 2 Total No. of Bars in Column 2

2 2

Nx = 3 Total No. of Bars in Row 3 Ny = 3 Total No. of Bars in Column 3

3 3

LOADS :
Pu = 1000 Ultimate axial load, kN

Mux = 300 Moment with respect to x-axes, kN-m

Muy = 200 Moment with respect to y-axes, kN-m page 1

CALCULATION :

Muy
ex =  1000 ex = 200 eccentricity with respect to y-axes, mm
Pu

Mux
ey =  1000 ey = 300 eccentricity with respect to x-axes, mm
Pu

Bar Diameter Tie Diameter Bar Area

db = Bar dt = tie   ( db )
2
Ab =
4

Solve for β1

0.85 − 0.05 
f'c − 28
1 
 7 
 = 0.8
1

1. USING BRESLER RECIPROCAL METHOD

COMPUTE Po LOAD, COMPRESSION WITH NO MOMENTS

Gross Area

Ag = b h
Ag = 240000

Steel Area per row

2
Asx = Nx (Ab) = 2412.74 mm
1 1

2
Asx = Nx (Ab) = 1608.50 mm
2 2

2
Asx = Nx (Ab) = 2412.74 mm
3 3

Total Steel Area

Ast Asx + Asx + Asx

1 2 3

2
Ast = 6433.98 mm

page 2
 1
Po = [ 0.85 ( f'c)  ( Ag − Ast ) + Ast  fy] 
1000

Po = 9612.26 kN

Strength reduction factor:

 1 = 0.65

 1Po = 6247.97 kN

COMPUTE Pnx

Steel Area per row

2
Asx = Nx (Ab) = 2412.74 mm
1 1

2
Asx = Nx (Ab) = 1608.50 mm
2 2

2
Asx = Nx (Ab) = 2412.74 mm
3 3

Distances from the compression face

b − 2dy
1
CtoC space =
row − 1

db dy = 66 mm
dy = cov er + dt + 1
1 2

dy = 200 mm
dy = dy + CtoCspace 2
2 1

dy = 334 mm
dy = dy + CtoCspace 3
3 2

PLASTIC CENTROID

0.85 f'c b  h  
b
 + Asx1 ( fy − 0.85 f'c)  dy1 + Asx2 ( fy − 0.85 f'c)  dy2 + Asx3 ( fy − 0.85 f'c)  dy3
xpy =
 2
0.85 ( f'c)  b  h + Asx  ( fy − 0.85 f'c) + Asx  ( fy − 0.85 f'c) + Asx  ( fy − 0.85 f'c)
1 2 3

xpy = 200 mm
page 3
 ASSUME STRESS LEVELS

fs1( c1) =
(
600 c1 − dy
1 ) fs2( c1) =
(
600 c1 − dy )
2
fs3(c1) = −fy
c1 c1

SUM- UP MOMENTS ABOUT Pnx = 0

   c1 
0 0.85 ( f'c)    c1 h   ey − xpy +
1
 + Asx1 [ fs1( c1) − 0.85 ( f'c) ]  (ey − xpy + dy1) 
1  2 
(
+ Asx  ( fs2( c1) )  ey − xpy + dy
2 2) + Asx3(fs3(c1))(ey − xpy + dy3)
FIND c1

Substitute known values and simplify:

Then solve for c1 using Newton-Raphson Method (Iterative Method)

c1 = 160.31 mm

CHECK STRESS LEVELS

fs1 =
(
600 c1 − dy
1)
c1

fs1 = 352.98 MPa fs1  fy assumption correct

fs2 =
(
600 c1 − dy
2)
c1

fs2 = −148.535 fs2  −fy assumption correct

fs3 =
(
600 c1 − dy
3)
c1

fs2 −fy assumption correct

fs3 = −414

page 4
 SOLVE FOR CONCRETE FORCE RESULTANT

a =   c1
1
dy = 66
1
a = 128.251 mm
dy = 200
0.85 f'c a h 2
Cc =
10 00
dy = 334
3
Cc = 2289.27 kN

SOLVE FOR STEEL FORCE RESULTANT

 1
Asx  fs1
1
Fs 1 = if a  dy  Asx  [ fs1 − 0.85( f'c) ]    Fs 1 = 779.88 kN
 1 1 1000 1000 

 1
Asx  fs2
2
Fs 2 = if a  dy  Asx  [ fs2 − 0.85( f'c) ]    Fs 2 = −238.92 kN
 2 2 1000 1000 

 1
Asx  fs3
3
Fs 3 = if a  dy  Asx  [ fs3 − 0.85( f'c) ]    Fs 3 = −998.88 kN
 3 3 1000 1000 

NOMINAL AXIAL STRENGTH OF COLUMN AT c VALUE

Pnx = Cc + Fs 1 + Fs2 + Fs 3

Pnx = 1831.36 kN

SUM -UP MOMENTS ABOUT THE PLASTIC CENTROID

Mnx = Cc  xpy −  + Fs 1 xpy − d + Fs 2 xpy − d + Fs 3 xpy − d  

( ) ( ) ( )
a 1
  2 1 2 3  1000

Mnx = 549.41 kN − m

page 5
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD AND MOMENT

Strength reduction factor:

dt = dy = 334
3

 dt − c1 
 t = 0.003   = 0.003 3
 c1 
0.002   t  0.005

(
 2 = 0.65 +  t − 0.002 
250
3
)
= 0.754

 2Pnx = 1381.19 kN

 2Mnx = 414.36 kN − m

CHECK: SOLVE FOR ey

Mnx Mux
ey = 1000 ey = 300 mm equal to ey
Pnx Pu

page 6
COMPUTE Pny

Steel Area per row

2
Asy = Ny (Ab) = 2412.74 mm
1 1

2
Asy = Ny (Ab) = 1608.50 mm
2 2

2
Asy = Ny (Ab) = 2412.74 mm
3 3

Distances from the compression face

h − 2dx
1
CtoC space =
col − 1

db dx = 66 mm
dx = cover + dt + 1
1 2

dx = 300 mm
dx = dx + CtoCspace 2
2 1

dx = 534 mm
dx = dx + CtoCspace 3
3 2

PLASTIC CENTROID

0.85 ( f'c)  b  h  
h
 + Asy 1 ( fy − 0.85f'c
 )  dx + Asy  ( fy − 0.85f'c
 )  dx + Asy  ( fy − 0.85f'c
 )  dx
xpx=
 2 1 2 2 3 3
0.85 f'c b  h + Asy  ( fy − 0.85 f'c) + Asy  ( fy − 0.85f'c
 ) + Asy  ( fy − 0.85f'c
 )
1 2 3

xpx= 300 mm

page 7
ASSUME STRESS LEVELS

fs1(c2) = fy fs2( c2) =

(
600 c2 − dx
2 ) fs3( c2) =
(
600 c2 − dx
3 )
c2 c2

SUM- UP MOMENTS ABOUT Pny = 0

   c2 
( )
1
0     c2 b   ex − xpx+
0.85f'c  + Asy 1 ( fs1( c2) − 0.85f'c
 )  ex − xpx+ dx 
1  2  1
+ Asy  ( fs2( c2) − 0.85f'c
2 ( )
 )  ex − xpx+ dx + Asy  fs3( c2)  ex − xpx+ dx
2 3 ( 3 )
FIND c2

Substitute known values and simplify:

Them solve for c2 using Newton-Raphson Method (Iterative Method)

c2 = 394.49 mm a =  c2 = 315.591

1

CHECK STRESS LEVELS

fs1 =
(
600 c2 − dx )
1
c2

fs1 = 414 MPa fs1 fy assumption correct

fs2 =
(
600 c2 − dx )
2
c2

fs2 = 143.71 MPa fs2  fy assumption correct

fs3 =
(
600 c2 − dx )
3
c2

fs3 = −212.19 MPa fs2  −fy assumption correct

page 8
 SOLVE FOR CONCRETE FORCE RESULTANT

a =   c2
1
dx = 66
1
a = 315.591 mm
dx = 300
0.85 f'c a b 2
Cc =
10 00
dx = 534
3
Cc = 3755.53 kN

SOLVE FOR STEEL FORCE RESULTANT

 1
Asy  fs1
1
Fs 1 = if a  dx  Asy  [ fs1 − 0.85(f'c)]    Fs 1 = 927.1 kN
 1 1 1000 1000 

 1
Asy  fs2
2
Fs 2 = if a  dx  Asy  [ fs2 − 0.85(f'c)]    Fs 2 = 183.31 kN
 2 2 1000 1000 

 1
Asy  fs3
3
Fs 3 = if a  dx  Asy  [ fs3 − 0.85(f'c)]    Fs 3 = −511.96 kN
 3 3 1000 1000 

SOLVE FOR THE RESULTANT Pny

Pny = Cc + Fs 1 + Fs2 + Fs 3

Pny = 4353.97 kN

SUM -UP MOMENTS ABOUT THE PLASTIC CENTROID

    c2  
Mny = Cc  xpx−
1
 + Fs 1 (xpx− dx1) + Fs 2 (xpx− dx2) + Fs 3 (xpx− dx3)  1
  2   1000

Mny = 870.79 kN − m

page 9
FACTORED AXIAL LOAD AND MOMENT

Strength reduction factor:

dt = dx = 534
3

 dt − c2 
 t = 0.003   = 0.001 1
 c2 
 t  0.002

 3 = 0.65

 3Pny = 2830.08 kN

 3Mny = 566.02 kN − m

CHECK: SOLVE FOR ex

Mny Muy
ex =  1000 ex = 200 mm equal to ex
Pny Pu

page 10
 COMPUTE Pn (kN)

Po = 9612.26 N

Pnx = 1831.36 N

Pny = 4353.97 N

1 1 1 1
+ −
Pn Pnx Pny Po

1
Pn =
 1 + 1 − 1 
 Pn x Pn y P 
 o

Pn = 1488.79 kN

COMPUTE ϕPn (kN)

1 1 1 1
+ −
Pn Pnx Pny Po

1
Pn =
 1 + 1 1 
   Pn x   Pn y −   P 
 2 3 1 o

Pn = 1090.15 kN

Solve for ϕ:

Pn
 = = 0.732
Pn

Pu
Pnreqd = = 1365.68 kN


0.1 f'c Ag
P = = 840.00 kN
1000

Remarks1 = "Pnreqd > 0.1 f'c Ag"

Remarks2 = "Pn > Pu"

Therefore = "OK" page 11

2. BRESLER LOAD CONTOUR METHOD

 
 Mux  +  Muy 
 (   Mnx )     Mny  1
 2   3 

Mux = 300

Muy = 200

 2Mnx = 414.36 kN − m

 3Mny = 566.02 kN − m

Solve for α:
 = 1.14

If:  = 1.0

Remarks3 = "Pnreqd > 0.1 f`cAg"

Therefore = "NO GOOD"

 
 Mux  +  Muy  = 1.07 7
 (   Mnx )     Mny  > 1.0 Therefore: NO GOOD
 2   3 

page 12