1 BB - Percentages

Percentages
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Percentages
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Solved Examples 3
Practice Questions 24
Answer Key 34
Solutions 34
Let’s get started..
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Percentages
Introduction
1. Concept of Percentage:
The word ‘per cent’ is derived from the Latin words ‘per centum’, which
means ‘per hundred’. A percentage is a fraction with denominator
hundred.
And, x percent is written as x%.
x
To express x% as a fraction: We have, x% = .
100
20 1
Thus, 20% = = .
100 5
a a a
To express as a percent: We have, = x 100 %.
b b b
1 1
Thus, = x 100 % = 25%.
4 4
2. Percentage Increase/Decrease:
If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then the reduction in
consumption so as not to increase the expenditure is:
R
x 100 %
(100 + R)
If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, then the increase in
consumption so as not to decrease the expenditure is:
R
x 100 %
(100 - R)
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Percentages
3. Results on Population:
Let the population of a town be P now and suppose it increases at the
rate of R% per annum, then:
R n
1. Population after n years = P 1 +
100
P
2. Population n years ago = R n
1+
100
4. Results on Depreciation:
Let the present value of a machine be P. Suppose it depreciates at the
rate of R% per annum. Then:
R n
1. Value of the machine after n years = P 1 -
100
P
2. Value of the machine n years ago = R n
1-
100
R
3. If A is R% more than B, then B is less than A by x 100 %.
(100 + R)
R
4. If A is R% less than B, then B is more than A by x 100 %.
(100 - R)
Percentages
Solved Examples
1) Mr X consumes 1000 Kilowatts of electricity per month. Originally,
the bill was 3000 Rs per month, but due to inflation, cost increased to
4000 Rs per month for the same. How much percentage does he need
to reduce the consumption to keep the cost same?
a) 10%
b) 16.67%
c) 20%
d) 25%
e) 50%
Answer 1: d (25%)
Explanation:
Original Case:
1000 kw → 3000 Rs.
New case (Unitary Method):

1000 kw 4000 Rs
x 3000 Rs
On solving, we get:
X= 750 Rs.
1000 − 750
∴ The consumption reduces by = ( ) x100 = 25%
1000
Percentages
2) The ten’s digit of a number is increased by 100%, whereas the unit’s

digit is decreased by 50%. Then difference between the original number
and new number is 16. What is the original number?
a) 28
b) 14
c) 56
d) 44
e) None of these.
Answer 2: a (28)
Explanation:
Taking options in consideration, we get:
Option Original Number New Number Difference between
the original number
and new number
a) 28 44 16
b) 14 22 8
c) 56 103 47
d) 44 82 38
∴ By solving these options, we get Option (a) as the right answer.
Percentages
3) There are 2 coaching institutes: C and X. The CAT Aspirants either

study in any one or both of them or do self study. Percentage of
students who enrolled in only C and Only X is 40% and 10 %
respectively. Percentage of students doing self study is 40%. Total
number of CAT aspirants is 250000. How many enrolled in both?
a) 10000
b) 15000
c) 20000
d) 25000
e) 30000
Answer 3: d (25000)
Explanation:
Total Number of students = 2,50,000 (100%)
Percentage of Students studying in only C= 40%
Percentage of Students studying in only X= 10%
Percentage of Students doing self study= 40%
∴ Percentage of students in both institutes=100% - 40% - 10% - 40%= 10%
∴ Number of students studying in both = 10% of 250000 = 25000
Percentages
4) The sum of 2 numbers is such that the sum is equal to 19/15 of the
first number. The second number is what percent of the first number?
a) 12.50 %
b) 26.67 %
c) 11.11 %
d) 16.67%
e) 14.28%
Answer 4: b (26.67%)
Explanation:
19
x+y= x
15
4
∴y= x
15
4x
Second number as a percentage of 1st number = (( ) ÷ X) x100
15
= 26.67 %
Percentages
5) If the length and width of a rectangle is increased by 50%, what is the

percentage change in area.
a) 100%
b) 50%
c) 125%
d) 200%
e) None of these.
Answer 5: c(125%)
Explanation:
Let length = l
Let width= b
Area= Length x Width = l x b =lb……………….(1)
When l and b are increased by 50%:
l = 1.5 l
b= 1.5b
Area= 1.5 l x 1.5 b = 2.25 lb……………………(2)
2.25lb − lb
% change in area = ( ) x 100 = 125%.
lb
Percentages
6) A shopkeeper buys some number of chocolates. He buys a lot at the

rate of 6 chocolates for 7 Rs. He buys another lot at 7 chocolates for Rs
8. The quantity purchased in each lot is the same. After this, he sells the
entire lot for 5 chocolates for 10 Rs. What is the profit or loss %?
a) 69%
b) 21%
c) 73%
d) 84%
e) 95%
Answer 6: c( 73%)
Explanation:
Let chocolates bought be 210 in each lot (LCM of 6,7,5)
First Lot: Second lot:
Rate= 6 chocolates for 7 Rs Rate= 7 Chocolates for 8 Rs
= (7/6) Rs per chocolate = (8/7) Rs per chocolate
Number of chocolates= 210 Number of chocolates= 210
Cost of 210 chocolates Cost of 210 chocolates

7 8
= 210 x ( ) = 210 x ( )
6 7
=35 x 7 =30 x 80
=245……..(1) = 240 Rs…..(2)
Percentages
Total cost of 420 chocolates= (1)+(2)

=245 Rs + 240 Rs
= 485 Rs……………….(3)
Rate for selling= 5 chocolates for 10 Rs = 2 Rs per chocolate.
Selling price of 420 chocolates= 420 x 2 Rs. = 840 Rs………………(4)
selling price − cost price
∴ Profit percentage = ( ) x100
cost price
840 − 485
=( ) x 100
485
= 73.20 %
7) If 10% of (a-b) is 5% of (a+b), then b is what percent of a?

a) 25%
b) 16.67%
c) 10%
d) 33.33%
e) 8.33%
Answer 7: d (33.33%)
Explanation:
10 5
(𝑎 − 𝑏) = (𝑎 + 𝑏)
100 100
10𝑎 − 10𝑏 = 5𝑎 + 5𝑏
Percentages
5𝑎 = 15𝑏
1
∴ 𝑎=𝑏
3
a
∴ b as percentage of a = (b ÷ a)x100 = (( ) ÷ a) x100 = 33.33%
3
8) The sum of 20% of a smaller number and 80% of a larger number is

205. The difference between both the numbers is 100. What is the sum
of both?
a) 150
b) 200
c) 250
d) 300
e) 350
Answer 8: e (350)
Explanation:
Let smaller number= s
Let larger number= l
20 80
𝑠+ 𝑙 = 205
100 100
∴ 2𝑠 + 8𝑙 = 2050
Percentages
∴ 𝑠 + 4𝑙 = 1025 … … … (1)
𝑙 − 𝑠 = 100
∴ 𝑙 = 100 + 𝑠 … … … (2)
Substituting (2) in (1):

𝑠 + 4(100 + 𝑠) = 1025
𝑠 + 400 + 4𝑠 = 10255𝑠 = 625 ∴ 𝑠 = 125 … … … (3)

𝑙 − 125 = 100𝑙 = 225 … … … (4)
∴ 𝑙 + 𝑠 = 125 + 225 = 350
9) In a hospital, there are “x” number of beds, which are completely

unoccupied. Due to COVID-19, the number of customers occupying
them is increasing. In the first week, 25 % of these beds were occupied.
In the second week, 40% of remaining beds got occupied and in the
third week, 80 % of the remaining beds got occupied. Now, only 90 beds
are unoccupied. What is the value of x?
a) 1050
b) 1095
c) 1000
d) 1010
e) 1100
Percentages
Answer 9: c (1000)
Explanation:
Let the number of beds be “x”
∴X x (1-0.25) (1- 0.40) (1- 0.80) = 90
∴ X x (0.75) (0.60) (0.20)=90
∴ X =1000.
10) The population of a town is 20,000. In the first year, it increases by

10%. In the second year, it increases by 15%. In the third year, it
decreases by 20%. What is the population after 3 years?
a) 20,200
b) 20,240
c) 19,800
d) 21,000
e) 19,500
Answer 10: b (20,240)
Explanation:
Population after 3 years= 20,000 (1+0.10) (1+1.15) (1-0.20)
= 20,000 (1.1) (1.15) (0.80)
= 20,240
Percentages
11) A person invests 50% of his monthly savings in a Fixed deposit. He

invests 60% of the remaining amount in stocks. The remaining amount
after that is kept in a savings bank account. How much amount does he
originally have if the amount invested in FD and Savings is 53,172 Rs.
a) 75960
b) 79560
c) 76590
d) 76950
e) 75690
Answer 11: a (75960)
Explanation:
Let the total amount originally had be 100 Rs
Amount invested in FD= 50% = 50 Rs
Remaining amount after investing in FD= 100Rs -50Rs = 50Rs…….(1)
Amount invested in Stocks = 60% of 50 Rs = 30 Rs
Remaining amount saved in bank after investing in stocks&FD=100-50-30
= 20 Rs…………..(2)
∴Amount invested in FD and Savings = 70 Rs.
Percentages
Using Unitary method:

Amount (in 100) Acutual Amount
70 53172
100 x
On solving, we get:
X= 75960 Rs.
12) A shopkeeper decides to sell some chocolates that he had bought.

Out of all the chocolates, 20% had crossed the expiry date so he
couldn’t sell them. Out of the remaining, 25% were sold in domestic
market. Remaining 60,000 chocolates were exported in the foreign
market. How many chocolates did he buy?
a) 100000
b) 150000
c) 200000
d) 250000
e) 300000
Answer 12: a (100000)
Explanation:
Let total number of chocolates be 100.
Number of chocolates expired= 20%
∴Remaining number of chocolates = 100 – (100x 20%)= 100 – 20 =80
Percentages
Chocolates sold in domestic market= 25% of 80 =20

∴ Chocolates exported= 80-20= 60
Using unitary method:
Value (in 100) Actual Value
60 60,000
100 x
On solving, we get:
X= 1,00,000
13) Mr X scores 98 marks in an exam. The passing marks is 35%. The

total marks is N and Mr X falls short of passing marks by 30%. The value
of N lies in which of these ranges?
a) 100≤N≤200
b) 201≤N≤300
c) 301≤N≤400
d) 401≤N≤500
e) 501≤N≤600
Percentages
Answer 13: c (301≤N≤400)

Explanation:
Total Marks= N
Marks scored=98
35
Marks scored = N
100
70 35
Marks scored by X (30% less) = x xN
100 100
70 35
∴ x x N = 98
100 100
∴ 𝑁 = 400
Hence, N lies in the range 301≤N≤400.
14) The ratio of boys & girls applying to a college is 3:2. If 28% of boys
get admission and 33% of girls get admission, then what percent of
students don’t get admission.
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 80%
d) 70%
e) 90%
Percentages
Answer 14: d(70%)

Explanation:
Boys: Girls= 3:2
Let Number of boys=300
Let number of girls= 200
∴Total number of students=boys + girls= 300 + 200 = 500
Boys admitted= 28% x 300= 84
Girls admitted= 33% x 200= 66
∴ Students admitted= 84 + 66 =150
Students not admitted= 500 – 150 = 350
350
∴ Percentage of students not admitted = x100 = 70%
500
15) Milk contains 20% of water. What quantity of pure milk should be
added to 15 litres of milk to reduce the water percentage to 10%.
a) 10 litres
b) 15 litres
c) 20 litres
d) 25 litres
e) 30 litres
Percentages
Answer 15: b (15 litres)

Explanation:
Originally:
Milk: water=80:20= 4:1
Quantity of milk: water (in 15 litres of milk)= 12 litres :3 litres
New case:
Let new quantity of milk be x
Milk: water= 90:10= x: 3
On solving, we get x=27.
Original ratio(milk:water)= 80:20= 12:3……………(1)
New ratio(milk:water) = 90:10 = 27: 3……………..(2)
Quantity of milk added= Quantity of milk in (2) – Quantity of milk in (1)
= 27 litres-12 litres= 15 litres
16) One type of liquid contains 20% water and the second type of liquid
contains 35% water. A glass filled with 8 parts of the first liquid and 5
parts of the second liquid. The water percentage in the new mixture is:
a) 24.75%
b) 25.77%
c) 25.67%
d) 24.57%
Percentages
e) None of these
Answer 16: b(25.77%)
Explanation:
20𝑥8) + (35𝑥5)
( 160 + 175 = 25.77%
( )=
(8 + 5) 13
17) If the price of a certain quantity of wheat gets reduced by 20%. How
many kgs of wheat a person can buy with the same money which was
earlier sufficient to buy 80 Kgs if the total expenditure remains the
same?
a) 50
b) 100
c) 150
d) 200
e) 250
Answer 17: b(100)
Explanation:
Let the original price be 100 Rs.
∴Total price for 80 Kg= 80 x 100 =8000
When price reduces by 20%:
Price= 100 – 20% of 100 = 100-20=80
8000
∴ Quantity bought = = 100 kg.
80
Percentages
18) The price of a commodity increases by 25%, due to which the total
expenditure increases by 10% but the demand decreases. If the total
demand previously was 50 Kg, then what is the percentage change in
demand?
a) 11%
b) 21%
c) 12%
d) 24%
e) 42%
Answer 18: c (12%)
Explanation:
Original case: New Case:
Let P= 100 P= 100 +25% of 100= 125

D= 50 Let D= x
Total expenditure= 100x50 Total Expenditure=5000+10%
= 5000 = 5500
5500= P x D
5500= 125 x
∴44=x
∴Demand decreases from 50 to 44
Percentages
50 − 44
∴ Percentage change in demand = ( ) x 100 = 12%
50
19) In a Business School, 60% of students are men and 48% of students
are engineers, of which 66.66% of students are men. The percentage of
women who are not engineers is?
a) 60%
b) 50%
c) 55%
d) 65%
e) 45%
Answer 19: a (60%)
Explanation:
Let total number of employees be 10,000.
Men Women Total
Engineer 3200 1600 4800
Non 2800 2400 5200
Engineer
Total 6000 4000 10000
2400
∴ Percentage of women who are not engineers = ( ) x100
4000
= 60%.
Percentages
20) Weights of P and Q are in the ratio 3:5. If the weight of P is

increased by 20%, then the total weight becomes 132 kg with an
increase of 10%. By what percent, does the weight of Q increase:
a) 2%
b) 3%
c) 4%
d) 5%
e) None of these
Answer 20: c (4%)
Explanation:
Weight of P: Weight of Q = 3:5
Let the weight of P= 3x
Let the weight of Q= 5x
Total weight= 3x + 5x= 8x
Using Unitary method:

weight Actual value
100 x
110 132
On solving we get, x= 120 kg

∴Originally, the weight was 120 kg.
Percentages
P+Q= 120
5x + 3x= 120
8x = 120
x= 15
Original weight of P = 3x = 3x15=45 kg
Original weight of Q= 5x = 5x 15 =75 kg
New weight of P = 45 kg + 20% of 45 = 45 kg + 9kg =54 kg.
New total weight= 132 kg.
New weight of Q= New total weight – new weight of P= 132 – 54 = 78 kg.
∴ Percentage change in weight of Q
New weight − original weight
=( ) x 100
original weight
78 − 75
=( )x 100
75
= 4%
Percentages
Practice Questions
1) Mr Mukesh wants to improve his vocabulary. He decides to learn
from 2 sources. First he learns from Norman Lewis Word Power Made
Easy and then he learns from GRE 555 word list. After learning from
these 2 sources, the number of words he knows becomes thrice his
original knowledge. On reading the GRE 555 word list, his knowledge
increases twice at the rate at which his knowledge increases by reading
Norman Lewis Word Power Made Easy. By how much percent does his
vocabulary knowledge increase when he reads Norman Lewis?
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 40%
e) 50%
2) The length of a rectangle is increased by 20%, whereas it’s breadth is
decreased by 20%. What is the percentage change in area?
a) 4 % increase
b) 4 % decrease
c) 5% increase
d) 5 % decrease
e) None of these
Percentages
3) The price of milk is reduced by 12%. How many litres of milk can now
be bought for the money, which was previously sufficient to buy 88
litres?
a) 100
b) 102
c) 85
d) 82
e) 86
4) The number of CAT Aspirants in India increased by 5%, 7% and 11 %
in the last 3 years. What will be the present number of CAT Aspirants if
the number of aspirants was 2,40,000 three years ago?
a) 299600
b) 299500
c) 299400
d) 299300
e) 299200
Percentages
5) A populated city’s population is getting wiped out due to COVID-19

virus. In the first month, it decreased by 5%, then in the second and
third months, it decreased by 7% and 11% respectively. What is the
population currently, if the population 3 months ago was 2,40,000.
a) 188716
b) 188819
c) 191412
d) 168915
e) 165412
6) If radius of a circle is increased by 10%, then what is the difference
between values of percentage change in area and percentage change in
circumference?
a) 11
b) 12
c) 13
d) 14
e) 15
Percentages
7) The price of wheat is increased by 15%. The percentage of reduction

that a family should effect in that use of wheat, so as to not increase
the expenditure is:
a) 13%
b) 14%
c) 15%
d) 16%
e) 17%
8) Anuj’s Salary is increased by 10% and then decreased by 20%. What is
the percentage change in his salary.
a) 11% increase
b) 12% decrease
c) 14% decrease
d) 15% increase
e) 18% decrease
Percentages
9) A fruit weighing 55 kg contains 80% water by weight. If it is put in sun

for some time, then the water evaporates such that it contains only 75%
of water by weight. Then new weight of the fruit would be?
a) 33
b) 44
c) 50
d) 48
e) 51
10) Mixture 1 contains 20% of alcohol and mixture 2 contains 35% of
alcohol. 10 parts from 1st mixture and 4 parts from 2nd mixture are
taken and put in a glass. What is the percentage of Alcohol in the new
mixture of glass?
a) 17(5/7)%
b) 24(2/7)%
c) 28(1/5)%
d) 24(1/7)%
e) 18(2/7)%
Percentages
11) When the price of wheat is increased by 30 percent, a family

reduces its consumption such that the expenditure is only 20 percent
more than before. If 50 kg of wheat was consumed by the family
before, then find the new consumption of family?
a) 43 kg
b) 44kg
c) 45 kg
d) 46 kg
e) None of these
12) On a certain day, Mr Babu Bhaiya sells 50 percent of oranges he
had and throws away 20 percent of remainder. Next day, he sells 60
percent of the remaining stock and throws away the rest. What
percent of oranges does he throw?
a) 20%
b) 22%
c) 24%
d) 26%
e) None of these.
Percentages
13) In a city, 40% of the women are above 30 years of age and 80% of
women are less than or equal to 50 years of age. 20 percent of all
women play football. If 30 per cent of the women above the age of
50 play Football, what percent of players are less than or equal to 50
years?
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 70%
d) 80%
e) None of these.
14) 60% of students in a business school are girls and 75% of these
girls earn 20,000 Rs or more in a month. Total number of students
who earn more than 20,000 Rs per month in the business school is
60% of total students. What fraction of boys earn less than 20,000
Rs?
a) 5/8
b) 5/7
c) 1/5
d) 3/4
e) None of these
Percentages
15) A reduction in price by 16.67 % for the quantity of a certain

commodity enables a person to buy 40 kg more for Rs. 2,400. The
reduced price of commodity is:
a) 16
b) 18
c) 10
d) 12
e) 14
16) Two friends J and K have their weights in the ratio 1:2. If their
weights are increased such that the total weight becomes 60 kg, with
an increase in total weight by 30%, where J’s weight is increased by
20%. Then, by what percent does weight of K increase?
a) 30%
b) 35%
c) 40%
d) 45%
e) 50%
Percentages
17) The Marked Price of an article is 40% more than its cost price. The
seller gives a discount of 20% and sells. What is the profit percent?
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 12%
d) 24%
e) 36%
18) Mr Popatlal went to a fruit shop with a certain amount of money.
He retains 15 % of money to buy a wedding ring. With the remaining
amount, he can buy either 40 apples or 70 oranges. How many apples
can he buy if he bought 35 oranges?
a) 35
b) 40
c) 15
d) 20
e) 25
Percentages
19) Mr Aatmaram Bhide rides a scooter such that a completely full

tank of petrol gets emptied in 10 days. If he starts using 25% more
every day, how many days will it take to empty the completely full
tank?
a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 10
e) 12
20) Mr Nattu Kaaka, a salesman gets a commission of 8% for the total
sales revenue generated by him. To motivate him, Mr. Jethalal, the
CEO decides to give him an additional bonus of 4% if the sales
exceeds Rs. 10,000. If he gets a total commission of 950 Rs, then the
bonus received by him is?
a) 40
b) 50
c) 36
d) 48
e) None of these
Percentages
Answer Key
1(e) 2(b) 3(a) 4(d) 5(a)
6(a) 7(a) 8(b) 9(b) 10(b)
11(d) 12(d) 13(c) 14(a) 15(c)
16(b) 17(c) 18(d) 19(c) 20(b)
Solutions
Answer 1: e (50%)
Explanation:
Let the number of words Mr Mukesh knows be x
After reading the book, the number of words Mr. Mukesh knows = 3x
3𝑋 − 𝑋
∴ 𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑙𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 = ( ) 𝑥 100
𝑋
= 200%
Let the knowledge increased after reading Norman Lewis be y%
∴ Knowledge increased after reading GRE 555 word list= 2y%
𝑎𝑏
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 +
100
𝑦. 2𝑦
∴ 200 = 𝑦 + 2𝑦 +
100
On solving, we get:
∴y= 50 or y= -200
Percentages
Since y cannot be negative.

We get y=50
∴Percentage of Knowledge increased after reading Norman Lewis= 50%
Answer 2: b (4 % decrease)
Explanation:
Let length= l
Breadth=b
Original Case: New Case:
Area = l x b = 1lb Area= 1.20 l x 0.80 b = 0.96 lb
1𝑙𝑏 − 0.96 𝑙𝑏
∴ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ( ) 𝑥100 = −4%
𝑙𝑏
Percentages
Answer 3: a (100)
Explanation:
Original Case New Case
Let Price per litre= 100 Rs Price per litre= 88

Quantity=88 litres Quantity= ?
Total price= 88 x 100 Total Price= 8800 Rs
= 8800 Rs ∴New quantity= Total price/price per litre
=8800/88
=100 litres
∴ New quantity than can be bought= 100 litres.
Percentages
Answer 4: d (299300)
Explanation:
Year Amount
Year 0 (beginning) 2,40,000
Add: 5% 12,000
Year 1 2,52,000
Add: 7% 17,640
Year 2 269640
Add: 11% 29660.4
Year 3 299300.4
The current number of Aspirants= 2,99,300
Percentages
Answer 5: a (188716)
Explanation:
Month Amount
Month 0 (beginning) 2,40,000
Less: 5% 12,000
Month 1 2,28,000
Less: 7% 15,960
Month 2 2,12,040
Less: 11% 23,324.4
Month 3 1,88,715.6
∴ Current population of town= 188715.6 =188716
Percentages
Answer 6: a(11)
Explanation:
Radius= r Radius=1.1 r
Circumference= 2πr Circumference= 2x π x 1.1 r

=2.2 πr
Area= π r2
Area= π x 1.1r x 1.1r =1.21πr2
2.2𝜋𝑟 − 2𝜋𝑟
∴ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = ( ) 𝑥 100
2𝜋𝑟
= 10% … … … (1)
1.21𝜋𝑟 2 − 1𝜋𝑟 2
∴ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ( ) 𝑥 100
𝜋𝑟 2
= 21% … … … (2)
∴Difference between percentage change in area and percentage change
in circumference= (2)-(1)= 21%- 10% = 11%.
Percentages
Answer 7: a(13%)
Explanation:
100𝑥 1500
= = 13.04%
100 + 𝑥 115
Answer 8: b (12% decrease)

Explanation:
𝑎𝑏
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 +
100
a= +10 (positive because it is increased)
b= -20 (negative because it is decreased)
(10)𝑥 (−20)
∴ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 10 − 20 + ( )
100
200
∴ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 10 − 20 − = 10 − 20 − 2 = −12%
100
∴Anuj’s Salary decreases by 12%.
Percentages
Answer 9: b (44)
Explanation:
Original Case New Case
Weight of fruit=55 kg Weight of water= 75%

Weight of water= 80% of 55 ∴water:pulp = 75:25
= 44 kg Let the weight of water be x kg
Weight of pulp= 11 kg (remains same)
∴weight of pulp= 55kg-44kg
∴ water:pulp= x:11
= 11kg
= 75:25
On solving, we get,
X= 33 kg.
∴weight of fruit= weight of water +
weight of pulp
= 33 + 11
= 44 kg.
∴ New weight of fruit=44 kg.
Percentages
Answer 10: b [ 24(2/7)% ]

Explanation:
20
𝐴𝑙𝑐𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑙 𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 1𝑠𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑥 10 = 2 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠
100
𝑛𝑑
35 7
𝐴𝑙𝑐𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑙 𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 2 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑥4 = 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠
100 5
7
∴ 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = ((2 + ) ÷ (10 + 4)) 𝑥100
5
17 2
= ( ÷ 14) 𝑥100 = 24 ( ) %
5 7
Percentages
Answer 11: d (46 kg)

Explanation:
Let the price of wheat originally be 100 Rs.
Originally: New case:
Price=100 Rs Price=100 + 30% of 100

Consumption= 50 kg. = 130 Rs
Total expenditure=100 Rs x 50kg Expenditure= 5000 + 20% of 5000

= 5000 Rs =5000 +1000
= 6000
∴Qty. consumed=price/expenditure
=6000/130
=46.15
∴ New quantity of wheat consumed = 46.15 kg = 46 kg.
Percentages
Answer 12: d (26 %)

Explanation:
Let Mr Babu Bhaiya have 10,000 oranges at beginning
Particulars Quantity
Oranges he had on Day 1 10,000
Less: Oranges he sold (50% of (5,000)
10,000)
Remainder on day 1 5,000
Less: 20% of remainder (1000)……………………………….(1)
thrown(20%x5000)
Net remainder on day 1 4,000
Less: Amount sold from (2,400)
remaining stock
(60% of 4000)
Remaining Amount thrown by 1,600………………………………………….(2)
him
∴Amount thrown by him= (1) + (2) = 1000 + 1600 = 2600

𝑄𝑡𝑦. ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑤
∴ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑏𝑦 ℎ𝑖𝑚 =
𝑄𝑡𝑦. ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑑
2600
= 𝑥 100 = 26%
10000
Percentages
Answer 13: c (70%)

Explanation:
Let the total Number of women be 100
Note: In the given table, women= w
W >30 0≤w≤50 w>50 Total
Footballer 14 6 20
Non- 80
Footballer
Total 40 80 20 100
By solving the table,

We can see that the number of players less than the age of 50 is 14.
14
∴ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 50 = 𝑥100 = 70%
20
Percentages
Answer 14: a (5/8)

Explanation:
Let total number of students be 10,000
Salary<20,000 Salary>20,000 Total
Boys 2,500 1,500 4,000
Girls 1,500 4,500 6,000
Total 4,000 6,000 10,000
2500 5
∴ 𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑦𝑠 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 20,000 𝑅𝑠 = =
4000 8
Percentages
Answer 15: c (10)

Explanation:
Let price= x 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝑥 − 16.67%𝑥

1 5𝑥
=𝑥− 𝑥=
6 6
Total Expenditure= 2,400 Rs
Total Expenditure= 2,400 Rs

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑄𝑡𝑦.
2,400
= … … … (1)
𝑥 5𝑥
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑄𝑡𝑦. = 2,400 ÷
6
2880
= … … … (2)
𝑥
2,880 2,400 480

𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = − =
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
480
∴ 40 =
𝑥
∴ 𝑥 = 12
5𝑥 5 60
∴ 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = = ( ) 𝑥 12 = = 10 𝑅𝑠.
6 6 6
Percentages
Answer 16: b (35%)

Explanation:
Let the weight of J be x kg and the weight of K be 2x kg.
J’s weight K’s weight Total
Original case x 2x 3x
New case 1.2x 2.7x 3.9x
(increased by
30%)
From the given table, we can find that:

2.7𝑥−2𝑥
∴ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐾 ′ 𝑠 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = ( ) 𝑥 100 = 35%.
2𝑥
Note: We can find the percentage increase in K’ s weight as asked in the

question without calculating the value of x, therefore the value of x isn’t
calculated.
Percentages
Answer 17: c (12%)

Explanation:
Let cost price= 100 Rs
∴ Marked Price= 100 + 40% of 100= 140 Rs.
Discount = 20% of Marked Price= 20% of 140 =28 Rs.
Selling Price= Marked Price – Discount = 140 Rs – 28 Rs = 112 Rs
𝑆𝑃 − 𝐶𝑃 112 − 100 12
∴ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 % = ( ) 𝑥100 = ( ) 𝑥100 = 𝑥 100
𝐶𝑃 100 100
= 12%
Percentages
Answer 18: d (20)

Explanation:
Let the total money Mr. Popatlal has be 100 Rs.
Amount left after retaining= 100 – 15% of 100= 100 – 15 = 85 Rs.
Cost of 40 apples= 85 Rs
Cost of 70 oranges= 85 Rs
85
∴ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 1 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒 =
40
85
∴ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 1 𝑂𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 =
70
85
∴ 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛 35 𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠 = 𝑥 35 = 42.5
70
∴Amount left after spending on oranges= 85 Rs- 42.5 Rs= 42.5 Rs

Using unitary Method:
Amount Apples Purchased
85 40
42.5 x
On solving, we get:
X= 20.
Percentages
∴ Mr. Popatlal can purchase 20 oranges with the remaining amount.
Answer 19: c (8)

Explanation:
Method 1:
Let the tank originally consume 1 litre per day.
Number of days taken to empty the completely full tank = 10 days
∴ Capacity of tank = 10 days x 1 litre = 10 litres.
New case:
New quantity consumed per day= 1 litre + 25% of 1 litre= 1.25 litre
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘
𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘
=
𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦
10 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
∴ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 =
1.25 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
= 8 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠.
Method 2:
Let petrol consumed =x
New consumption= x + 25%x= 1.25x
Percentages
Using unitary method (inverse proportion):

Amount consumed Days
X Y
1.25x 10
Y= 8 days.
∴ It takes 8 days to consume the fuel when the capacity per day is
increased by 25%.
Answer 20: b (50)

Explanation:
Commission received upto 10,000Rs = 10,000 x 8% = 800 Rs.
Remaining amount received= 950 Rs – 800 Rs = 150 Rs.
Commission: Bonus= 8% : 4% = 2:1 = 2x:1x
Bonus: commission (for 150 Rs) = 100 Rs : 50 Rs
∴ Bonus received= 50 Rs.

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New case (Unitary Method):

2) The ten’s digit of a number is increased by 100%, whereas the unit’s

∴ By solving these options, we get Option (a) as the right answer.

3) There are 2 coaching institutes: C and X. The CAT Aspirants either

5) If the length and width of a rectangle is increased by 50%, what is the

6) A shopkeeper buys some number of chocolates. He buys a lot at the

Number of chocolates= 210 Number of chocolates= 210

Cost of 210 chocolates Cost of 210 chocolates

Total cost of 420 chocolates= (1)+(2)

7) If 10% of (a-b) is 5% of (a+b), then b is what percent of a?

8) The sum of 20% of a smaller number and 80% of a larger number is

Substituting (2) in (1):

𝑠 + 400 + 4𝑠 = 10255𝑠 = 625 ∴ 𝑠 = 125 … … … (3)

9) In a hospital, there are “x” number of beds, which are completely

10) The population of a town is 20,000. In the first year, it increases by

11) A person invests 50% of his monthly savings in a Fixed deposit. He

Using Unitary method:

12) A shopkeeper decides to sell some chocolates that he had bought.

Chocolates sold in domestic market= 25% of 80 =20

13) Mr X scores 98 marks in an exam. The passing marks is 35%. The

Answer 13: c (301≤N≤400)

Answer 14: d(70%)

Answer 15: b (15 litres)

Let P= 100 P= 100 +25% of 100= 125

20) Weights of P and Q are in the ratio 3:5. If the weight of P is

Using Unitary method:

On solving we get, x= 120 kg

5) A populated city’s population is getting wiped out due to COVID-19

7) The price of wheat is increased by 15%. The percentage of reduction

9) A fruit weighing 55 kg contains 80% water by weight. If it is put in sun

11) When the price of wheat is increased by 30 percent, a family

15) A reduction in price by 16.67 % for the quantity of a certain

19) Mr Aatmaram Bhide rides a scooter such that a completely full

Since y cannot be negative.

Area = l x b = 1lb Area= 1.20 l x 0.80 b = 0.96 lb

Let Price per litre= 100 Rs Price per litre= 88

The current number of Aspirants= 2,99,300

∴ Current population of town= 188715.6 =188716

Circumference= 2πr Circumference= 2x π x 1.1 r

Answer 8: b (12% decrease)

Weight of fruit=55 kg Weight of water= 75%

∴ New weight of fruit=44 kg.

Answer 10: b [ 24(2/7)% ]

Answer 11: d (46 kg)

Price=100 Rs Price=100 + 30% of 100

Total expenditure=100 Rs x 50kg Expenditure= 5000 + 20% of 5000

∴ New quantity of wheat consumed = 46.15 kg = 46 kg.

Answer 12: d (26 %)

∴Amount thrown by him= (1) + (2) = 1000 + 1600 = 2600

Answer 13: c (70%)

By solving the table,

Answer 14: a (5/8)

Answer 15: c (10)

Let price= x 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝑥 − 16.67%𝑥

Total Expenditure= 2,400 Rs

2,880 2,400 480

Answer 16: b (35%)

From the given table, we can find that:

Note: We can find the percentage increase in K’ s weight as asked in the