Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Antipolo City

ANTIPOLO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Olalia Rd., Sta. Cruz, Antipolo City
Mathematics VIII
ILLUSTRATE RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

Examples:

1.x3 + 2x – 1 2. 2x + 9 3. 1 The top polynomial is “1” which is fine.

6x2 x 4 – x2 2- x2
4. 2x2 + 3 - This is a rational algebraic expression because it could be written also as: 2x2 + 3
1
Not Rational Algebraic Expression:
1. 2 - √ x - the top or numerator is not a polynomial ( a square root of a variable is not allowed)
4–x

2. - 1/x is not allowed in a polynomial

3. 3x – 6 - not Rational algebraic expression because the denominator is zero.
0
ACTIVITY 1. Tell whether the following is a Rational Algebraic ACTIVxITY II.
expression or not Rational algebraic expression. Solve the problem below.
1
3 2 x−2−3
1. 2−x 6.
−2 x+6
z +5
2 2
5 x +6 x−1 x −121
2. 7.
1 x +11
4
3.
√7 x 8.
b The area of a rectangle is (x2 – 121) square units. Its width
x−7 √ c5
7
measure (x + 11) units. Illustrate rational expression in
2 x+1 6x
4. 9.
3 x 2−7 x+1 2 x−4
2 x 2 +5 x3 −4 x 2−2 x
5. 10. finding the length given the area and the width of the
x2 −7 x +3 x2 −5 x +6 rectangle is
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎rectangle
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
 finding the length of the rectangle. Recall that the formula in
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Antipolo City

1
SIMPLIFYING RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

A fraction is said to be in simplified form when all pair of factors common to the numerator and denominator have been removed.
To simplify a fraction we remove a factor equal to 1. A rational expression is said to be in simplified form when its numerator and
denominator have no common factor other than 1.
*Steps in Simplifying Rational Algebraic Expressions:
1. Factor completely the numerator and denominator.
2.Separate and divide out cancel out common factor’s if there is/are any.
3. Multiply the remaining factors.
Study the examples below:
2
1.  is not in lowest terms,
6
as 2 and 6 have the common factor “2”

But:

1
2.  is in lowest terms,
3
as 1 and 3 have no common factors

Likewise a Rational Expression is in Lowest Terms when the top or numerator and bottom or denominator have no
common factors.
Example: Rational Expressions
1. x3+3x2
2x  is not in lowest terms as x3+3x2 and 2x have the common factor “x”
But:
2. x2+3x
2  is in lowest terms, as x2+3x and 2 have no common factors
3. x2 + x – 6 = ( x – 2)(x + 3) = x – 2 Answer. Note cancel out the same factor from numerator and denominator
x2 – 9 ( x + 3)(x – 3) x+3

4. 3x2 – 12x = 3x (x – 4) = ( x – 4) Note cancel out the same factor from numerator and denominator
6x2 + 3x 3x (2x + 1) (2x + 1)

5. x2 + 4x + 3 = (x + 1)(x + 3) = ( x + 1) Note cancel out the same factor from numerator and denominator
x2 + x – 6 (x – 2)(x + 3) ( x – 2)
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Antipolo City

ACTIVITY II :
Simplify the following expressions.
9+11 z +2 z
2 2
1. 2
z −10 z −11
5 b2 +6 b−8
2. 2
3 b +5 b−2
32 x 3
3. 2
16 x −8 x
1+ 2 s−3 s 2
4.
6 s2−s−2
m2+5 m+6
5.
m2−4
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF SIMILAR RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS:
In adding or subtracting similar rational algebraic expression is the same as adding or subtracting similar fraction
Where in you just add or subtract the numerator then simplify to its lowest term.

Examples
1. 3.
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Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Antipolo City

2.

Activity 1.

Perform the indicated operations and

reduce answer to lowest terms.
1. x2 + y2 6. 5n - 3n
x–y x-y 24 24
2. y2 - 9 7.x + y
y–3 y-3 3 3
3. k2 + 2k + 1 8. 2x + 1 + x2
k2 – 1 k2 - 1 x+5 x+5
4. x + y +x–y 9. 4x - 2x
y+2 y+2 4x – y 4x - y
5. m2 - 2mn + n2 10. y + 3 - y
m+n m+n 2y – 18 2y - 18
Activity II.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Antipolo City

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF DISSIMILAR RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION.

*To add or subtract dissimilar Rational Algebraic Expressions with different denominators by converting them to similar Rational
expressions by finding the least common denominator (LCD) of the rational expressions.
Steps in finding the LCD:
1.Factor each denominator. Express as powers any factor that occurs more than once.
2.List all distinct factors that appear in any of the denominators. When the same factors that appears in more than one denominator
get the factor with the highest power.
3.Write the product of all these factors. This is the LCD.

5
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Antipolo City

Subtract
1. 2 - 5
x+5 x-5
LCD is (x + 5)(x – 5)

= 12 - 5 = 12 ( x- 5) - 5( x + 5) = 12x – 10 – 5x – 25 = 5x – 35 = 7( x – 5) = 7 . Ans.
( x + 5) (x- 5) (x + 5)(x - 5) (x + 5)(x - 5) (x + 5)(x - 5) (x + 5)(x - 5) (x +5)(x – 5) (x + 5)

2. 2 - 5 = 2 - 5
2
2x + 4 x + 2x 2(x + 2) x( x+ 2)

LCD 2x(x+2)
. 2 - 5 = . 2x - 5(2) = 2x - 10 = 2x - 10 = 2 (x – 5)
2x(x + 2) 2x( x + 2) 2x(x + 2) 2x( x + 2) 2x( x + 2) 2x( x + 2) 2x( x + 2) 2x( x + 2)
= ( x – 5) Answer.
X ( x + 2)

3.2x + 5 = 2x + 5 5
3x – 3 x2 – 1 3(x – 1) (x -1)(x+1)
LCD: 3(X-1)(X+1)

= 2x(x+1) + 5( 3) = 2x2 + 2x + 15 = 2x2 +2x + 15 Answer.

3(x-1)(x+1) 3(x-1(x+1) 3(x -1)(x +1) 3(x -1)(x + 1) 3 (x-1)(x + 1)
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Antipolo City

ACTIVITY 1.
Add or subtract the following dissimilar rational algebraic

expressions:

7 5 9 3
1. 4 xy + 6. −
12 x 2 y 2 5 x y 10 x y 2
2

3 x +1 2 x +7 8 4
2. 4 x +4 − 2 x +2 7. 3 +
3 x y 9 x y2
2x 5x 5 4
3. 2
− 2 8. 2 − 2
x −x−2 x −3 x +2 x −4 x +4 x + 4
5 9 2
x +1 x
2
4. 2 + 2 9. −
x −36 x + 5 x −6 x−2 x+2
x 5 2 1
5. 6 x−9 + 2 x−3 10. 2 − 2 x +6
x −9

ACTIVITY II.
Analyze and solve the problem.
How will you find the total time it will take a bus to travel from Manila to Tagaytay and to come back to Manila if the time it
2 5
Takes a bus to travel to Tagaytay is hours and the time it takes for the bus to come back to Manila is hours?
x−1 x+1

MULTIPLICATION OF RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

a c ac
Recall the product of two rational numbers
b
and
d
, where a , b , c, and d are real numbers and b≠ 0 and d ≠ 0, is bd
.
This means that the product is a rational number whose numerator is the product of numerators and whose denominator is the
product of denominators of the two rational numbers.
Consider this problem:
2
x +7 x +10 x+ 25
1. How will you find the area of a rectangle with a length of
2 and a width of 2 ?
x −25 x −49
a c a c ac
If and are rational expressions, then . =
b d b d bd
Thus:
2
x +7 x +10 x+ 25 x+7 (x +5)(x +5) x+5 x+ 5
. = . ( x−7)(x +7) = = 2 Answer.
x2 −25 2
x −49 ( x−5)(x +5) ¿¿ x −12 x +35

5 x +5 y x+ y 5(x+ y) x+ y 5
2.
x− y
. 2 2 = . ( x + y )( x+ y ) =
x− y
Answer
x +2 xy + y x− y
Activity 1:

1 : Unlock the message by finding the product of the following:

understanding human art of mathematics an is

2 1 4 2x a−1 2c
3 x a+1 b

4 x
2
5 x 4 y2
1. . 4. .
x 2 y2 5 x2

6 c x x−7
2. . 5. .
b 3 x−7 x 6
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Antipolo City

a−1 3 a+1 3x 8
3. . 6. .
3 a+1 a+1 4 9x

2.

He is a Greek mathematician, best known as the Father of Algebra because of

his polynomial equations. Identify him by matching Column A to column B to unlock His name.

Column A Column B

4 x2 1
1. . US.
x 2 xy

6a c DI .2x
2. .
b 3a

a−1 3 a+1 4
3. . NT.
3 a+1 a+1 x

5x 4 y
2
a−1
4. 2 . HA.
y 5 x2 a+1

xy m 2c
5. . OP.
m x2 y2 b

3.
Unlock the message by finding the product of the following:

trying are proof you are Mistakes that

x+ 4 3y 1 3 2
2 2 2 4

3 m b−c 5 bc
1. . 4. .
m 4 10 bc b−c
2
4 xy 2 9x x2 −16 x+ 4
2. . 5. .
3x 8 x2 y 2 x +8 x−4

x+3 8
3. .
4 x+3

4.

He is a Greek mathematicians. He described the method for iteratively

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Antipolo City

computing the square root of a number. Identify His name by finding the product of the following

to unlock his name below.

ALE RIA RO OF XAND HE

xy x
2
9x y 2
. . . .
4 3 4y y−3 3

a 4x
2
1. At what distance do the tricycle reach if it runs for km for every hour?
2x 3a

3x 6
2. .
4 2y
2 2
x y
3. .
2 y 2x
2
y+ 3 y
4. .
y y 2 −9

xy x
5. .
3 y

DIVISION OF RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION

*To divide Rational Algebraic Expressions
1.Deteremine the reciprocal of the divisor
2.Change the operation from division to multiplication by the reciprocal.
3.Follow steps in multiplication.
1
Recall that two numbers whose product is 1 are called multiplicative inverses or reciprocals. If we multiply the real numbers x and
y
,
x 1 1
y
. This implies that the quotient of x and y is equal to x . . (Note that is the reciprocal of y.)
y ≠ 0, the result is
y y
a c a c a d ad
If and are rational expressions, then ÷ = . = , where b, d, and c are nonzero numbers.
b d b d b c bc

Example:
x2 +2 x−8 x−2
1.How will you find the length of a rectangle with an area of 2 and a width of
3 x +3
?
x +4 x+3
2 2
x−2 3 x +3 ( x +4 )( x−2) 3( x+ 1)
x +2 x−8
2
÷
3 x +3
=
x +2 x−8
2 . x−2
=
( x+ 3)(x +1)
. ( x−2) = 3(x+ 4)
x +4 x+3 x +4 x+3 x +3

3(x+ 4)
Therefore the length ofbthe rectangle is
x +3
2
x −6 x+ 9
2
x −6 x+ 9 1 ( x−3)(x−3) 1 1
2. ÷ (x -3) = . = .
4 x −12 4 x −12 x−3 4 ( x−3) x−3 = 4
ACTIVITY 1.
Find the quotient of the following:
2
n −9 n+3 6.a3 – ab3 ÷ a2 + ab
1. ÷ n a2 b 3ab + 3b2
n
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Antipolo City

y 2−36 y+ 6 7. a2 + a – 6 ÷ a2 – 4
2. 2 ÷ y+ 7 a2 – 1 a2+ a - 2
y −49
a2−64 n2−6 n+ 9 n2−9
3. 2−8 a ÷ (a + 8) 8. ÷
a n−3 n+3
5 x−25 2
y −3 y y
4. 2 x ÷ (4x - 20 9. 2 ÷
9− y 3+ y
2 2
y − y−12 3 y−12 x −9 x−3
5. 2 ÷ y+ 3 10. 2 ÷ x−4
y −9 x −16