E30070 V 20 EA0 P10 Hawassa 0 ESIA0 P129174

E3007 v2
Public Disclosure Authorized
- AUG 2010
orld Bank
(ddis Ababa
Ref:- Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Project Credit 4292- ET Grant H287-ET
Subject: ESIA Study Report of Hawassa Water Supply & Sanitation Project
Attached here with please find Draft final Environmental & Social Impact Assessment
Study Report of HawassaTown Water Supply and Sanitation Project for your comments.
Best Regards
-Yohannes G/Medheii
ie 2rand Sanilation r)utFrŽot- :
Director
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* Directorate, Water Supply & Sanitation (W
* N-WaSH Coordination Office (Without Encl.)

* WSSP Coordination Focal Person (IDA-DFID Supported) (witn Encl.)
Ministry Of Water Resources
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DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................... PAGE

LIST OF TABLES ...................................................... IV
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................... IV
LIST OF PHOTOS ...................................................... IV
ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................... VI
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................. I
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................... 11
1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................... 11
1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE SEIA ............................ 11
1.3 STUDY METHODOLOGY ....................................... 12
1.3.1 Review of Relevant Studies, Policies and Legal Documents .................................. 12
1.3.2 Field Surveys and Data Collection ................................ 12
1.3.3 Water Quality Analysis ........................................ 13
1.3.4 Stakeholders Consultations ..................................... 13
1.3.5 Use of Relevant Data Generated by other Disciplines .................. 13
1.3.6 Impact Analysis and Development of Mitigation Plan ................... 13
1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ................................... 14
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION ............................... 15
2.1 PROJECT LOCATION ......................................... 15
2.2 PROPOSED WATER SOURCE ................................... 16
2.3 WATER YIELD OF THE PROPOSED SOURCE ........................ 16
2.4 COMPONENTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ....................... 17
2.4.1 Access Road ................................................................................................................... 18
2.4.2 Capping Structures ........................................... 18
2.4.3 Transmission main Line ....................................... 18
2.4.4 Service Reservoir ........................................... 19
2.4.5 Cattle Trough and Washing Basin ................................ 19
2.4.6 Auxiliary Buildings ........................................... 20
3 REVIEW OF POLICIES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK PERTINENT TO SEIA ........ 21
3.1 RELEVANT NATIONAL POLICIES AND STRATAGIES ................... 21
3.2 REVIEW OF WORLD BANK EA POLICIES ........................... 23
3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES ...................... 26
3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK LEGISLATIONS ..................... 27
3.4.1 The Constitution of Ethiopia .................................... 27
3.4.2 Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs ........28
3.4.3 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment ...................28
3.4.4 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control ..................... 28
3.4.5 Proclamation on Ethiopian Water Resources Management .............. 28
3.4.6 Proclamation on Expropriation of Land Holdings and Payment of Compensation
.......................................................................................................................................... 29
3.4.7 Proclamation on Rural Land Administration and Use ................... 29
3.4.8 SNNPRS Rural Land Use and Administration Proclamation .............. 30
3.4.9 Public Health Proclamation, Proclamation No. 200/2000 ................ 30
3.4.10 Proclamation on Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage .......... 31
3.4.11 Establishment of EPLAUA of SNNPR .............................. 31
3.4.12 Regulations on Payment of Compensation for Property Situated on Landholdings
Expropriated for Public Purposes ................................. 32
3.5 ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ................. 32
- .. i ...
3.5.1 Federal and Regional Administration .............................. 32

3.5.2 National Environmental Protection Authority ......................... 32
3.5.3 Sectoral Environmental Units ................................... 33
3.5.4 Regional Environmental Agencies ................................ 33
3.6 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ................................. 34
3.6.1 Convention on Biological Diversity ................................ 34
3.6.2 Framework Convention on Climate Change ......................... 34
3.6.3 The Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer ............ 34
3.6.4 The United Nations Conventions to Combat Desertlification .............. 34
3.6.5 The Basel Convention ........................................ 35
3.6.6 The Stockholm Convention ..................................... 35
3.6.7 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora.35
4 DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE CONDITION ............................ 36
4.1 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE PROJECT AREA ........................... 36
4.2 CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGY .................................... 36
4.3 GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY ................................ 37
4.4 SOILS .................................................... 38
4.5 LAND USE OF THE PROJECT AREA ............................... 39
4.6 FLORA AND FAUNA WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA .................... 39
4.6.1 Flora .................................................... 39
4.6.2 Fauna ................................................... 40
4.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF HAWASSA TOWN ...................... 41
4.7.1 Population................................................... 41
4.7.2 Economic Conditions ............................................ 42
4.7.3 Education.................................................... 43
4.7.4 Health Conditions .............................................. 44
4.7.5 .Existing Water Supply and Sanitation Service .......................... 45
4.7.5.1 Existing Water Supply Service ................................. 45
4.7.5.2 Sanitation at the Project Area ................................. 46
4.7.6 Water Quality of the Proposed Springs .............................. 46
5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ....................................... 51
5.1 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES ................................ 51
5.1.1 Constructing Dam .............................................. 51
5.1.2 Ground water Source ........................................... 51
5.1.3 Developing springs ............................................. 51
6. PROJECT AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS PROFILE ........................... 52
7. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASIURES ........ 53
7.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS 53
7.1.1 Increases Water Supply Coverage of the Town ....................... 53
7.1.2 Improves Health and Sanitation Conditions .......................... 53
7.2 NEGATIVE IMPACTS.......................................... 54
7.2.1 Private and Organization Owned Houses ........................... 55
7.2.2 Fences................................................... 56
7.2.3 Perennial Trees............................................. 56
7.2.4 Water Storage Basin of Hawassa Fibre Factory ...................... 56
7.2.5 Crop Land................................................. 57
7.2.6 Impacts due to the Construction of Water Transmission and Distribution Lines.. 59
7.2.7 Interest of Local community on the Use of the Proposed Water Source ......60
7.2.8 Flora..................................................... 61
7.2.9 Fauna.................................................... 62
7.2.10 Soil Erosion................................................ 62
.1
7.2.11 Rock fall and Landslides ....................................... 63

7.2.12 Downstream Flow and Environmental Water Demand .................. 64
7.2.13 Sites of Archaeological, Cultural or Religious Value .................... 65
7.2.14 Ambient Air Quality .......................................... 66
7.2.15 Noise and Vibration .......................................... 66
8. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ........................................... 67
8.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS DURING THE SEIA PROCESS ............... 67
8.2 GOV'S POLICY ON COMMUNITY CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ... 67
8.3 THE CONSULTATION PROCESS ................................. 67
8.4 METHODOLOGY FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...................... 68
8.5 CONSULTATION WITH WONDO WEREDA ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS ... 68
8.6 CONSULTATION WITH SHASHE KAKELE KEBELE ADMINISTRATION
OFFICIALS AND COMMUNITY ELDERS ............................. 70
8.7 CONSULTATIONS WITH COMMUNITY MEMBERS AT THE PROPOSED
SERVICE RESERVOIR AREA .................................... 71
8.8 CONSULTATIONS WITH COMMUNITY MEMBERS OF SHIRE BORRORA
KEBELE AND SOME NOMADS ................................... 72
8.9 CONSULTATIONS WITH GOVERNMENTAL AND NONGOVERNMENTAL
OFFICES IN HAWASSA ........................................ 73
8.10 PROJECT DISCLOSURE ........................................ 75
9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ................. 76
9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................... 76
9.1.1 Pre-Construction Phase ....................................... 76
9.1.2 Construction Phase .......................................... 76
9.1.3 Commissioning Phase of the Construction Work ...................... 77
9.1.4 Project Operation Phase ....................................... 77
9.1.4.1 Water Quality Management at Source ........................... 78
9.1.4.2 Water Quality Management at Transmission and Distribution System ............. 78
9.1.4.3 Protection of Spring Source and Tree Plantation .................................................. 79
9.2 SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ........................... 85
9.3 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING .............................. 89
9.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION, MANAGEMENT, MONITORING AND
TRAINING COST ............................................. 90
10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................... 91
10.1 CONCLUSION ............................................... 91
10.2 10.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................... 91
REFERENCES ...................................................... 93
ANNEXES 94
ANNEX I LIST OF CONSULTED PERSONS AND ORGANIZATIONS ................ 94
ANNEX 2 WEREDA LEVEL FOCUS GROUP MEETINGS AND CONSULTATIONS ....... 95
ANNEX 3 KEBELE LEVEL FOCUS GROUP MEETINGS AND CONSULTATIONS ...... 102
ANNEX 4 CHECKLIST FOR THE DATA COLLECTION AND IMPACT IDENTIFICATION OF
THE AMBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ......................... 107
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DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWlJHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
ABBREVIATIONS
ARCCH Authority for Research and Conservation of Heritage

CSA Central Statistic Agency
EA Environmental Assessment
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia
EPLAUA Environmental Protection Land Administration and Utilization Authority
ESIA Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
GOV Government
IEC Information Education Communication
IRE Immediate Rehabilitation and Expansion
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Developrrient
NGOs Nongovernmental Organizations
OSHO Oromo Self Help Organization
PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty
PET Potential Evapo Transpiration
REA Regional Environmental Authority
SDPRP Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program
SEIA Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment
SEMP Socio-Environmental Management Plan
SNNPRS Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State
ToR Terms of Reference
TSP Total Suspended Particulates
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Screening and classification of the proposed project ....................... 25

Table 2: List of birds encountered during the site visit ............................. 40
Table 3: Hawassa city population's census result, 2007 ........................... 41
Table 4: Projected population of Hawassa Town for the year 2007 - 2020 .............. 42
Table 5: Major business activities at Hawassa town .............................. 43
Table 6: Number of students .............................................. 44
Table 7: Hawassa City Administration Students' Enrolment ......................... 44
Table 8: Ten Top Diseases as registered by Hawassa City Health Centre .............. 44
Table 9: Water Quality Data of the Proposed Springs Vs WHO Drinking Water Quality
Guidelines ........................................................................................... 47
Table 11: Estimate Compensation for Affected Houses and Utilities ................... 55
Table 12: Affected Fences and estimated compensation cost ....................... 56
Table 13: Affected perennial trees and estimated compensation cost .................. 56
Table 14: Affected Crop Land and Compensation Estimate ......................... 57
Table 15: Impact of Transmission and Distribution Pipeline ......................... 60
Table 16: Proposed Quantity of Water for Downstream Ecosystern and Water Supply ...... 65
Table 17: Summary of socio-environmental management Plan (SEMP) ................ 81
Table 18: Socio-Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................. 86
Table 19: Cost Estimate for the Proposed Training ............................... 89
Table 20: summary of Estimated Cost for Environmental Mitigatic,n, Management, Monitoring
and training ........................................................................................... 90
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Map of Hawassa City Administration .................................. 15

Figure 2: Map shows location of the proposed springs and reservoir sites ............... 17
Figure 3: Soil Map of the Project Area ........................................ 38
Figure 4: Projected Population of Hawassa .................................... 42
Figure 5: Major Cations and Anions of then Proposed Cold Springs ................... 48
Figure 6: Chemical Composition of Cold and Hot Springs at the Proposed Project Area ..... 48
LIST OF PHOTOS
Photo 1: Ambowuha spring capped (left) and Hot spring near to the Ambowuha spring (right) 16
Photo 2: Constructed access road (left); stone boulders at the upstream of the spring area
(right) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
Photo 3: The proposed service reservoir site at Eredo hill--------------------------------------------- 19
Photo 4: Herd of cattle is waiting in queue to drink from Shallo spring (left), while cattle and
people are competing for the same Shallo spring (right) ----------------------------------------------- 20
Photo 5: Wet well one (Left) and Wet well two (Right) are under construction-------------------- 20
Photo 6: Overview of the Proposed Spring Source Area----------------------------------------------- 36
Photo 7: Irrigation farm at the left side of the Ambo spring (left) and Cheleleka wetland below
the proposed Spring (right) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
Photo 8: Acacia Abyssinia dominant tree species found at the foot of the escarpment--------- 39
Photo 9: Degraded area at the upstream of the Ambowuha spring which requires conservation
work----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
Photo 10: Type of Houses situated at the proposed service reservoir area ----------------------- 55
Photo 11: Water basin of the Hawassa Fibre factory near the proposed service reservoir's
construction area------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57
iv
PROJECT
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUJHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT
Photo 12: Irrigation plot nearby Tunto Spring -------------------------------------------------------------- 58

Photo 13: Portion of the proposed water transmission pipeline's area serving for grazing ------ 59
Photo 14: Consultation with Wondo Wereda officials at the office of the Wereda Administrator 69
Photo 15: Water Problem around Shashemene Town at the upstream of the proposed springs
------------- ------------------------------------------- 69
Photo 16: Consultation with ShasheKekele Kebele officials and community members under tree
shade ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70
Photo 17: Consultation with ShasheKekele Kebele council members in the Kebele Administrator
office ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71
Photo 18: consultation with residents at the proposed reservoir site-------------------------------- 71
Photo 19: Discussion with the residents of the proposed reservoir area --------------------------- 72
Photo 20: Consultations with some farmers and nomads around Shallo spring------------------ 73
Photo 21: People use the same spring for drinking, washing clothes and cattle watering (left)
and queuing of cattle for watering (right) ------------------------------------------------------------------- 73
Photo 22: Head of Land Use and Environmental Protection of the Southern Region explain the
future threat on Cheleleka swamp and Lake Hawassa ------------------------------------------------- 74
Photo 23: Office of ELORA Agro Industries P.L.C. (left), Greenhouse of JITTU Horticulture
P.L.C (right) --.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75
v
ABBREVIATIONS
ARCCH Authority for Research and Conservation of Heritage

CSA Central Statistic Agency
EA Environmental Assessment
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia
EPLAUA Environmental Protection Land Administration and Utilization Authority
ESIA Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
GOV Government
IEC Information Education Communication
IRE Immediate Rehabilitation and Expansion
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Developmient
NGOs Nongovernmental Organizations
OSHO Oromo Self Help Organization
PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty
PET Potential Evapo Transpiration
REA Regional Environmental Authority
SDPRP Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program
SEIA Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment
SEMP Socio-Environmental Management Plan
SNNPRS Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State
ToR Terms of Reference
TSP Total Suspended Particulates
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
vi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Es.1.1 BACKGROUND
Hawassa town is the capital city of SNNPRS. It is located at the southern part of the
country at about 275 km away from Addis Ababa. The town is currently in critical shortage
of water supply that requires urgent interventions. The existing supply is from Kedo River,
several boreholes and springs with small yield per second. The major supply sources were
designed to cover water demand of the population residing in the old area of the town.
However, with the sworn of Hawassa to be capital of the SNNPR, the town showed rapid
development and growth in all social, economic, political and cultural spheres. Remarkable
investment works in industries, housing, education, access roads, tourist resorts and other
marketing infrastructures and services have been undertaken in recent years and much
more are in progress.
Contrarily, the magnitude of water supply problems are increasing whilst new construction
works for residential houses, condominiums and business activities are expanding in the
town. To satisfy the current and long-term water demand of the town, the Hawassa Water
Supply Enterprise has proposed different sources. Out of these sources, development of
Ambowuha, Tunto and Shallo springs (collectively known as Ambowuha springs) is one of
the immediate solutions to solve the short-term demand of the town. Developing the
springs are expected to add about 55 I/s into the existing water supply system of the town.
The concern of this SEIA study is to identify any adverse socio-environmental impacts
related to the development and operation of these springs and to propose mitigation
measures for the adverse impacts and enhancement measures for beneficiary impacts. It
is also aimed to prepare socio-environmental management and monitoring plan that is
going to be implemented during the construction and operation phases of the project.
Es.1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE SEIA
The project proponent and financer proposed SEIA study as one component of the project.
The main objectives of the SEIA study as stated in the TOR is to assess, identify and
mitigate the potential adverse and localized environmental and social impacts of Hawassa
Town Water Supply Project. It is intended to ensure that the planned water supply scheme
is environmentally sustainable, socially acceptable and will not cause serious adverse
environmental and social impacts.
The scope of the SEIA includes:
* Review of relevant policies, legislations and institutional framework related to

environmental matters;
* Description of the baseline condition of the project area including environmental
components that will be affected by or will affect the proposed project;
* Collecting, analyzing and evaluating water quality of the proposed source to
check its fitness for drinking purpose;
* Identification and evaluation of the potential socio-environmental impacts arising
from implementation of the proposed water supply project and its subsequent
operation; and impact of existing environment on the project;
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
* Proposing appropriate/suitable avoidance or mitigation measures to protect as

far as possible the environment from adverse impacts; and
* Development of appropriate socio-environmental management and monitoring
plan, which will ensure that mitigation measures are fully adopted.
Es.1.3 STUDY METHODOLOGY
This SEIA study is based on review of relevant previous studies, primary data collected
through comprehensive field survey in the project area, secondary data gathered from
various offices at regional and Wereda levels, and consultations with project affected
communities, Wereda and Kebele Administrators, key stakeholders, NGOs and relevant
experts.
Es.2. PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
Hawassa is one of the cities found in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's
Regional State. It is located at about 275 km South of Addis-Ababa. Hawassa is the capital
of the SNNPRS and it comprises seven Weredas.
The proposed water source is located at Wondo Wereda in Western Arsi Zone of Oromia
Regional State. Formerly the proposed water source area was under Hawassa Zuria
Wereda in Sidama Zone of the SNNPRS. However, by the referendum made in 2008, the
area has become part of the Oromia Regional State.
There are a number of hot and cold springs in the proposed project area. Among the cold
springs Ambowuha, Shallo and Tunto springs (collectively known as Ambowuha spring)
have reasonable discharges. As a result, they are proposed to be utilized to supplement
the existing Hawassa town water supply. Currently the design of Ambowuha spring
development project has been completed and the capping work is undergoing.
The yield of Ambowuha, Tunto and Shallo springs is 57 lIs, 5 I/s and 10 I/s respectively.
The estimated cumulative yield from these springs is 72 I/s. As per the design, it is planned
to abstract about 55 I/s to satisfy the short time demand of the Hawassa town water supply
and communities residing at the water source area.
The water quality analysis shows that water from the cold springs (Ambowuha, Tunto and
Shallo springs) is very good and potable. While the hot springs located nearby the Tunto
spring contains high concentration of fluoride (17 mg/I) which is by far beyond the WHO
guideline value. Based on the fluoride content, the hot springs are not acceptable for
drinking purpose and as a result, they were excluded from the proposal.
Es.3 COMPONENTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
The proposed project activities comprise developing and capping of the springs,
construction of access road including culverts, retaining wall, wet-well, pump-house,
transmission pipeline, reservoirs and distribution line up to the junction point of the existing
distribution system.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWJHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Es.4 RELEVANT POLICIES AND STRATAGIES
The concepts of sustainable development and environmental rights are entrenched in the
rights of people in Ethiopia through articles 43 and 44 of the constitution, which state
among other matters the right to development and right to live in a clean and healthy
environment.
Based on the constitutional right, the Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority has
issued environmental policies, guidelines and proclamations concerning the protection and
sustainable use of environment. Since the proposed project is being financed by the World
Bank, it is essential to review and incorporate its environrnental policies and guidelines.
These relevant national and financer's policies and guidelines pertinent to the project at
hand have been reviewed and included in chapter 3 of this report.
Es.5 DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE CONDITION
Es.5.1 Biophysical Environment
Hawassa town situated at the Eastern shore of Lake Hawassa close to the eastern fault
belt of the main Ethiopian Rift Valley. The town is located on a plain between Lake
Hawassa and Lake Cheleleka with general slope towards Lake Hawassa. The elevation at
the town is 1700 masl and that of the lake is 1680m.a.s.l. The drainage of the town is
towards the lake and the lake has submerged some part of the western side of the town
due to recurring rise of the lake level.
The location of the proposed spring source is at the northern edge of the Cheleleka
wetland at the foot slope of Toga Mountain. The altitude of the spring locations varies
between 1701 and 1706masl.
Temperature of the project area varies between 10 0 C in winter and 30 0 c in summer. The
mean annual precipitation in the project area is 956mm. The mean maximum precipitation
in rainy season is about 126mm in the month of September.
According to the National Meteorological Agency, the annual estimated PET for the station
at Hawassa is about 1599mm, with minimum of 102mm in the month of July and maximum
of 173mm in December.
The soil type of the proposed spring area is Eutric Fluvisols. These soils occur on the
lacustrine and fluvio lacustrine plains of Lake Hawassa and Cheleleka wetland.
Land use of the proposed spring source area is mainly grazing. Upstream of the springs is
escarpment with very steep slope and degraded land. The foot slope of the escarpment is
being used for communal grazing, while the immediate downstream of the springs is
wetland, which mainly covered with papyrus.
About 80 % of the water transmission line is proposed to travel through ELFORA Agro-
Industries farmland, while the land use of the proposed service reservoir site is farming,
grazing and settlement area. ELFORA Agro-Industries gave permission for the Hawassa
Water supply Service Enterprise to construct pipeline on their landholding with out paying
any compensation. The owner of the industry realized that the water supply project is part
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWIJHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
of the development activities, which would promote further investment in Hawassa town
and benefit potential investors.
The vegetation cover of the project area has been degraded due to overgrazing, expansion
of farm and overuse of fuel wood by the local communities. The remnant vegetation cover
has been observed on the foot slope of the escarpment at the upstream of the proposed
springs. The downstream area below the eye of the proposed springs is occupied by a
swampy wetland. The plant species dominated at the swampy area is Papyrus species
known as Cyperus papyrus.
Concerning fauna, the escarpment area is serving as habitat for baboons and monkeys,
while the wetland area is inhabited by aquatic life such as Hippopotamus and various fish
species. There are also nocturnal animals like hyena and porcupine dwelling in the
burrows and cavities at the foot of the Toga escarpment.
Avifauna is the most abundant in the project area. Based on the number and variety of
birds, the area (Cheleleka Wetland) could be used as a priority area for the conservation of
bird life and development of ecotourism.
Es.5.2 Population and Socio-economic Environment of the Project Area
According to the population census result of 2007, the total population of Hawassa town
was 259,803. Out of the total population, 133,637 were males and 126,166 were females.
The town is showing rapid development and growth in all social, economic, political and
cultural spheres since the last 14 years. Moreover, the remarkable investment works in
industries, housing, education, access roads, touristy resorts and other marketing
infrastructures and services coupled with migration from rural and the nearby town centres,
the opening of Hawassa University, commissioning of several large scale factories and
more other under constructions have contributed for high population growth which
consequently increases the water demand of the town.
There are also intensive investments in hotels and tourisrn, social services, real estate
development, industries and construction in the town. There are a number of governmental
and private commercial Banks and Insurance Companies with measurable services. These
economic activities eventually contribute for the flow of people to the town that could highly
increase the population and require expansion of infrastructures and services.
Es.6 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY
The existing water sources for Hawassa Town are surface water from Kedo River, Loke
spring and number of boreholes. The existing water production from all sources is about
92.6 I/s and it is not enough to cover the actual demand of the town. To cover the actual
demand, there is a need to develop additional sources. Since there is wide gap between
water demand and supply, about 53 I/s, 82 I/s, 116 I/s and 157 I/s will be required to cover
the actual water demand of the town for the year 2009; .2012; 2015 and 2018,
respectively. The proposed project is part of these efforts particularly proposed to satisfy
the short-term demand of the town.
Es.7 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
Regarding the water source, there are three alternatives. These are:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4
* Constructing dams at appropriate location to store surFace runoff

* Developing ground water; and
* Developing springs.
Based on the availability, accessibility, water quality and investment cost, spring
development found to be the best alternative for the short-term supply of potable water for
the Hawassa Town. The ground water alternative was not feasible because of high fluoride
content and the dam construction is not preferred for the time being due to lack of
appropriate dam site and the matter of the fact that dam construction requires high
investment cost and cause significant socio-environmental impacts.
Es.8 POTENTIALSOCIO- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASIURES
Es.8.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS
Due to severe shortage of potable water supply, many residents of the town are being
obliged to use unsafe water for drinking and for other domestic purposes. As a result,
several people have been exposed for water born diseases and unsanitary conditions.
The health data from Hawassa Town Health Centre indicates that most prevalent
diseases in the town are intestinal parasites indicating severe problem of water supply
and sanitation. Therefore, providing better quality water in adequate amount will solve the
existing water supply problem of the town and contribute for the improvement of health
and sanitation conditions of the residents.
Developing the proposed springs will provide potable waiter for the communities residing
at the spring source and surroundings. The communities residing at the spring source
area and its surroundings would also use the access road, which is constructed as part of
the project component. The road is very vital to transport agricultural and livestock
produces to nearby market areas. Moreover, the electric power installed for the pump
house would serve as light source for some local people residing near by the pump
house. This benefit could be enhanced if the capacity of the transformer increased in such
a way that it serve more people.
It is also well known that efficient and effective use of water resources is crucial for the
development of the country's socio-economic condition. Hence, implementation of the
proposed water supply project will enable to use the available water resource of the
project area efficiently and effectively for the socio-economic development of the town and
communities residing at the spring source area.
Moreover, implementation of the project will provide some direct and indirect job
opportunities for the unemployed people. The growth of the Hawassa Town will depend
on the availability of sufficient water supply. If sufficient water supply is available in the
town, different investors would be attracted to the area and several investments and
industries would be flourished. That means many jobless people will get job. This will
eventually help people to generate income and support their livelihood. Thus, it will
contribute its share in improving the overall life standard of the people directly or indirectly.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
5
Es.8.2 NEGATIVE IMPACTS
The main project components that would affect public and private properties and assets
include construction of distribution line, service reservoir, access road and pump house.
Inventory of assets from the source of the spring up to the distribution system has
revealed that over all adverse impact of the project on individual properties and existing
infrastructures is minor and easily mitigable/compensable. The impact of distribution line
and access road is minimal and 80% of the same pass through the land of ELFORA,
which is currently being used for grazing. The company has allowed the land freely for
the installation of the pipeline.
Since there are no settlements at the spring source areas and along the main pipe
transmission line, the impact of the proposed project on the residential houses would be
minor. Only two small houses would be affected by the construction of service reservoir
at Eredo hill. In addition, few fences around the houses and small plots of crop land
would be affected.
Concerning the impact on flora, since there are no trees at the spring source and at most
parts along the transmission and distribution line, the impact of the proposed project on
the flora is insignificant. The only area where few vegetation cover encountered is at
Tikurwuha River. The stretch of the water transmission line travels through this
vegetation area is very small and the amount of land required to lay the pipes will be
very small. Therefore, the overall impact of the proposed project on flora of the area
would be insignificant.
In terms of fauna, the impact of the proposed project being small and involves
abstraction of only small amount of water from the springs, it would not cause significant
impact on the ecosystem of the area. However, the cumulative impact of the other
development activities such as expansion of farmlands towards the Cheleleka wetland
and abstracting small springs feeding the wetland for irrigation purpose and expansion of
urban areas towards the lake and wetland areas would significantly affect the ecosystem
of the area.
During the site visit, rock falls and boulders from Toga escarpment near Ambo springs
were observed. These detached rocks commonly called rock fall and may cause
catastrophic loss of life and could destroyed structures to be constructed at the proposed
spring development site unless and otherwise protective measures like retaining wall
and other precautions are contemplated. During the second site visit, construction of
gabions and retention walls were underway.
Regarding the adverse impacts on ambient air quality, most of the construction activities
will take place in areas were there is no settlement and the duration of construction will
be short. Therefore, an overall impact of the project on air quality and dust pollution
would be insignificant.
Similarly, the construction of the proposed project will not use heavy machineries that
could cause high level of nose. In addition, most of the construction activities will take
place in areas where there is no noise sensitive environment. Therefore, the proposed
project would not cause noise impact on the surrounding communities and environment.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
The other identified social impact is fear of water shortage for the local people residing at
the spring source and its surroundings. People residing at the proposed spring area
claimed that the proposed spring has to supply sufficient potable water for the residents at
the source area before it taken to Hawassa Town. They argue that the only excess water
should be taken to Hawassa Town after the water satisfied the needs of people and
livestock residing at the water source area and surrounding Kebeles. However, the design
of the project has already incorporated the water demand of the local people residing at
the spring source areas and livestock watering including washing basins. The design and
over all plan was explained for the local people during the public discussion and they
understood that the project included their water demand. During the second visit in July
29, 2010, the contractor was constructing four public taps, three cattle through and two
washing basins for the communities living at the spring source and its surroundings.
Es.8 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS
Consultations were made with community members and government officials at Kebele
and Wereda levels to obtain the opinions and attitudes towards the proposed water
supply project. Bedsides, different governmental offices in Hawassa Town and relevant
nongovernmental organizations were consulted to collect information and to identify their
fears and feelings about the implementation of the proposed project.
All the members of consultation meetings were very interested to participate in the
discussions and share their views and opinions regarding the proposed water supply
project without any reservation. They mentioned that the people of the Wondo Wereda in
general and ShasheKekele Keble in particular (where the proposed spring located) have
severe potable water problems; and the proposed springs are the main source of water
for the community residing in and around the proposed spring area. They clearly express
that the communities living around the springs have the right to use the water from these
springs. Accordingly, the Wereda officials and residenlts reached in consensus that
people living with potable water problem have to benefited from the proposed water
supply project. On the other hand, they confirmed that they are not standing against the
arrangements made to supply water for Hawassa Town from the proposed water source.
They believe that the development of these springs is very vital to improve the water
supply problem of their people and that of Hawassa Town if it is properly developed and
fairly distributed.
Finally, the residents of the project area, the Kebele and Wereda officials concluded that
they would provide all the necessary support for the implementation of the proposed
project provided that they are the beneficiaries of the project.
Es.9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
Environmental management is concerned with implementation of the measures necessary

to minimize or offset adverse impacts and to enhance beneficial impacts. Environmental
management responsibilities are normally shared among several government and non-
government organizations, each with specific executive responsibilities for particular
aspects, which are exercised during the various stages of project preparation,
construction and subsequent operation and maintenance.
Most of the project socio-environmental management and monitoring activities would be

carried out during the construction phase, since it is at this time that most impacts can be
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
7
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOV\UHA
SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
expected to arise. Management will very largely be concerned with controlling

impacts
that may result from the actions of the Contractor, through enforcement of the
construction
contract clauses related to protection of the environment as a whole
and of the
components within it.
The detail environmental management and monitoring activities have been prepared
and
presented in chapter 8 of the report, which includes the proposed mitigation
measures for
the identified impacts, responsible bodies to implement and oversee these
activities and
cost estimate to carry out all the proposed environmental management and
monitoring
plans.
Es.10 Environmental Impact Mitigation, Management, Monitoring and Training

Cost
The environmental mitigation, management, monitoring and training cost estimated
to be
about 922,751 Birr. The cost estimates are based on the assumptions that:
• The costs of mitigation measures to be implemeinted by the Contractor

during
construction are considered as included in his obligations under the construction
contract. This applies to such measures as construction of retaining wall, reinstating
of
affected or exposed soils, cleaning of construction area after the completion
of
construction, etc.
* Some of the management and monitoring activities to be implemented by
the local
government organizations are considered as part of their routine jobs. For
example,
monitoring of environmental pollution and land degradation is responsibility
of Wereda
EPLAUA, Managing of urban waste is responsibility of Hawassa town
municipality,
etc.
• Water quality monitoring and watershed management are part of the operation
phase
activities to be carried out by the Hawassa town water supply Service Enterprise
in
cooperation with Wondo Wereda Environmental Protection Land Administration
and
Use office using their regular budget.
Es.11 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Es.11.1 CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of this socio-environmental impact assessment, implementation
of
the proposed water supply project would result in a number of positive
socio-
environmental impacts. The main potential benefit will be supply of additional and
quality
potable water for the Hawassa Town and communities residing at and around
the water
source areas.
The communities residing at the spring source area and its surroundings would
also use
the access road, which was constructed as part of the project component.
Implementation of the project will ensure the efficient and effective use of water
resources
for the socio-economic development of the area.
Realization of the proposed project would play positive role in attracting

various
investments to Hawassa town and create job opportunities to the jobless people.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
8
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOV'UHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Conversely, the construction and operation of the project would result in few localized
adverse environmental and social impacts. The major adverse impacts are land take and
dislocation of only two houses by the construction of water storage reservoir and ancillary
buildings. Other adverse impacts expected during the construction and operation phases
include soil erosion, reduction of downstream flows, and shrinkage of Cheleleka wetland.
Since the size of the project and its components are so small, the overall impact on the
existing natural environment would be insignificant. Most of the identified adverse impacts
are mitigable and manageable. However, cumulative impact of the development activities
taking place in the upper catchments of the proposed springs could cause significant
adverse impacts on the Cheleleka wetland and eventually on the ecosystem of Lake
Hawassa.
The other identified social impact is fear of water shortage by the communities residing at
the spring source and its surroundings. However, taking the water demand and interest of
the communities into account, the project office revised the first design to incorporate the
water demand of the communities and their livestock. The construction of public taps,
cattle troughs and washing basins are already underway
ES.11.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
* Properly implement the proposed socio-environmental mitigation and management

plan.
* Give priority for the construction of public taps, cattle troughs and washing basins for
the communities residing at the spring source and its surroundings so that trust of the
communities would be gained.
* Wondo Wereda water office in collaboration with Water bureau of Western Arsi zone
should Identify and propose other water sources for the water scarce Kebeles of the
Wondo Wereda to solve the existing potable water demand of the people residing far
from the proposed spring sources.
* To develop and use the proposed water source safely and sustainably, the project
proponent should conduct further discussions with the officials of Western Arsi Zone,
Wondo Wereda and local communities.
* Both SNNPR and Oromia Regional States need to conduct integrated watershed
management study focusing on the conservation of Cheleleka wetland and Hawassa
Lake and to identify cumulative impacts of the activities taking place in the upper
catchments;
* Delineate and manage Cheleleka wetland and Lake Hawassa as national park and
promote development of ecotourism;
* Allow at least 10% of original water flow from the proposed springs and about 81/s
from the Shaesa spring for the maintenance of the downstream ecosystem or
environmental flow.
* Plant indigenous tree species at the foot slope of Toga Escarpment and protect them
from any damage by livestock and human;
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
9
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOVVUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Finally, it is recommended that the commitments and cooperation of the key

stakeholders including the Wondo Wereda Environmental Protection and Land Use
Administration, Wereda and Kebele Administrations, Wereda Agriculture and Rural
Development Offices, Hawassa Town Water Supply Service Enterprise Offices are
vital to implement the mitigation measures specified in the EMP
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
10
PROJECT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Hawassa town is the capital sit of SNNPRS. It is located at the southern part of the country
at about 275 km away from Addis Ababa city. The Town is currently in critical shortage of
water supply that requires urgent intervention. The existing supply is from Kedo River,
several boreholes and springs with small yield per second. The major supply sources were
designed to cover water demand of the population residing in the old area of the Town.
However, with the sworn of Hawassa to be capital of the SNNPR, the town showed rapid
development and growth in all social, economic, political and cultural spheres. Remarkable
investment works in industries, housing, education, access roads, tourist resorts and other
marketing infrastructures and services were undertaken in recent years and much more are
in progress. The town is now lying on about 50 sq. km area and the population size has
grown from 69,169 in 1994 to 159,013 in 2007 and projected to be 301,012 in 2010.
Contrarily, the magnitude of water supply problems are increasing whilst new construction
works for residential houses, condominiums and business activities are expanding in the
Town. In order to alleviate the existing water supply problem, the town Water Supply Service
Enterprise has tried to undertake minor distribution improvement works, and prepared a
business plan to access soft loan and grant from financing institutions. Business plan study
of the town water supply showed that the current sources capacity is about 92 I/s and
working for 24 hrs per day. With this capacity, the town has deficit of more than 18 I/s at
least to provide the minimum per capita demands. By year 2020, the projected water
demand of the town is 418.5 I/s.
To satisfy the current and long-term water demand of Hawassa town, the Town Water
Supply Enterprise has proposed different sources. Out of these sources, development of
Ambowuha, Tunto and Shallo springs (collectively known as Ambowuha springs) is one of
the immediate solutions to solve the short-term demand of the town. The development of
these springs is expected to add about 55 I/s into the existing water supply system of the
town.
The concern of this SEIA study is to identify any adverse socio-environmental impacts
related to the development and operation of these springs and to propose mitigation
measures for the adverse impacts and enhancement measures for beneficiary impacts.
Besides, the purpose of the study is to prepare socio-environmental management and
monitoring plan for the proposed project to implement during the construction and operation
phases of the project.
1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE SEIA
The project proponent and financer have proposed SEIA study as one component of the
project study. The main objectives of the SEIA study as stated in the TOR is to assess,
identify and mitigate the potential adverse and localized environmental and social impacts of
Hawassa town water supply project. It is to ensure that the planned water supply scheme is
environmentally sustainable, socially acceptable and will not cause serious adverse
environmental and social impacts.
INTRODUCTION
11
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWIJHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
The scope of the SEIA includes:
* Review of relevant policies, legislations and institutional framework related to

environmental matters;
* Description of the baseline condition of the project area including environmental
components that will be affected by or will affect the proposed project;
* Collecting, analyzing and evaluating water quality of the proposed source to check its
fitness for drinking purpose;
* Identification and evaluation of the potential environmental impacts arising from
implementation of the proposed water supply project and its subsequent operation;
and impact of existing environment on the project;
* Proposing appropriate/suitable avoidance or mitigation measures to protect as far as
possible the environment from adverse impacts; and
* Development of appropriate environmental management and monitoring plan, which
will ensure that mitigation measures are fully adopted.
1.3 STUDY METHODOLOGY
This SEIA study is based on review of relevant previous studies, primary data collected
through comprehensive field survey in the project area, secondary data gathered from
various offices at regional and Wereda levels, and consultations with project affected
communities, Wereda and Kebele Administrators, key stakeholders, NGOs and relevant
experts. The detailed methodologies followed are explained briefly in the sections below.
1.3.1 Review of Relevant Studies, Policies and Legal Documents
Policies, legislation and guidelines pertinent to environmental protection were gathered and
reviewed for assessing the relevant environmental policies, laws and regulations related to
environmental protection matters in general and the expected environmental impacts of the
proposed development in particular. The review of these policies, proclamations and
guidelines are summarised in section 3 of this report. In addition, available documents on
the previous studies of the proposed project, baseline environmental conditions of the
project influence area and others relevant data were collated and reviewed in order to obtain
important data/ information for the project description. The list of the documents reviewed is
provided in the list of references.
1.3.2 Field Surveys and Data Collection
Following an extensive review of existing documents related to the proposed project, field
investigation and collection of detailed data on social and natural environment was carried
out at the project area. The aim of the survey was to collect baseline environmental data for
the project influence area, and to identify sensitive environmental components that are likely
would have significant effect due to the implementation and operation of the envisaged
water supply project. Data collection was carried out using checklist. The checklist was filled
at the site and used to identify potential adverse socio-environmental impacts and to
INTRODUCTION
12
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOV'UHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
categorised and determine the level of EIA to be conducted. The check list filled during the
data collection is attached at annex.4.
In addition, relevant regional and Wereda government offices were consulted and important
secondary data was collected. Those primary and secondary data have been compiled,
evaluated and used to describe the existing environmental setting of the project impact area.
Besides, the potential impacts/issues of the proposed project were identified and evaluated.
1.3.3 Water Quality Analysis
Four water samples were collected from the proposed springs (Ambowuha, Tunto, Shallo
and a hot spring located nearby the Tunto spring) and analyzed in the Water Works Design
and Supervision Enterprise Laboratory. The purpose of analysis was to see fitness of the
proposed water for drinking and domestic purposes. It was also aimed to see whether there
is water pollution at the source or not. Eventually, the test results were compared with the
WHO guidelines for drinking water.
1.3.4 Stakeholders Consultations
During the SEIA field survey groups of community members, concerned authorities and
experts at Wereda and regional levels were contacted and consulted. Information related to
the existing water supply system focusing on constraints, existing environmental and social
features of the project influence area, potential environmental issues/impacts related to the
proposed project components and activities, as well as the attitudes of the officials, local
communities and experts towards the planned scheme were assessed. These information
and opinions have been considered in this socio-environmental impact analysis. The
minutes of consultations made with Wereda Authorities and local communities residing at
the proposed water source areas were attached in annexes. The minutes of meeting were
written in Amharic language and for the sake of understanding, the same is translated into
English Language. Both English and Amharic versions are attached in Annexes 2 and 3.
1.3.5 Use of Relevant Data Generated by other Disciplines
Data generated/collected by the project design team were reviewed and the relevant
data/information was used to supplement the environmental data and to understand the
proposed technical features of the project so that to render the impact assessment as
comprehensive as possible.
1.3.6 Impact Analysis and Development of Mitigation Plan
Following the evaluation of the baseline conditions and analysis of stockholder's opinions,
environmental impacts likely to result from the proposed water supply project were identified
and their significances were evaluated. Impact significance was assessed
quantitatively/qualitatively based on the magnitude of the impact, relative importance/ value
of the affected environmental component, intensity and (Juration of the impact, and
reversibility of the impact.
Subsequent to identification of potential impacts and evaluation of their significance,

appropriate mitigation measures that are capable of preventing, reducing or offsetting the
negative impacts to acceptable levels were identified and recommended. Finally, a Socio-
INTRODUCTION
13
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOV'UHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) that comprises the outline of significant

environmental impacts and their corresponding mitigation rneasures and the responsible
bodies for implementation and monitoring was prepared.
1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
This SEIA report is organized in ten chapters. Chapter 1 is this introductory chapter. Chapter
2 describes the project features including the main components and the activities to be
involved, while Chapter 3 summarizes the policy, legal and administrative framework within
which the SEIA was carried out. Chapter 4 provides a brief description of the existing
environmental and social setting of the project influence area. Chapter 5 discusses
alternative water sources. Chapter 6 deals with the household survey, Chapter 7 deals with
identification and evaluation of the potential positive as well as adverse socio-environmental
impacts likely to result from the project implementation and operation, and proposed
mitigation measures. Chapter 8 deals with public consultations and its outcome. Chapter 9
presents a management and monitoring plan for implementing the proposed mitigating
measures and follow up of their effectiveness. Finally, Chapter 10 gives conclusion and
recommendations.
INTRODUCTION
14
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AIVIBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION
2.1 PROJECT LOCATION
Hawassa is one of the cities found in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Regional
Statee It is located at about 275 km South of Addis-Ababa. Hawassa is the capital of the
SNNPRS and it comprises seven Weredas.
The geographical coordinates of Hawassa town are approximately 7003' Lat. N. and 380 29'
long E. The average elevation of the town is about 1700 mn above sea level.
Loc M ofawassa town Adim instratio ETHIOPIA
Awassa u\ aC
kaeAwassa
V iw /Z tJ > / /SNNPRS
Shbecdeno k Aph.k
0 , -A kb. ,\*1*0-ICb
Figure 1: Map of Hawassa City Administration
PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMEBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
2.2 PROPOSED WATER SOURCE
The proposed water source is located at Wondo Wereda in Western Arsi Zone of Oromia
Regional State. Formerly the proposed water source area was located in Hawassa Zuria
Wereda under Sidama Zone of the SNNPRS. However, by the referendum made in 2008,
the area has become part of the Oromia Regional State.
There are a number of hot and cold springs in the proposed project area. Among the cold
springs Ambowuha, Shallo and Tunto springs (collectively known as Ambowuha spring)
have reasonable discharges. As a result, they are proposed to be utilized to supplement the
existing Hawassa town water supply. Currently the design of Ambowuha spring
development project has been completed and the capping work is undergoing. The
geographical coordinates and altitudes of the Ambowuha, Tunto, and Shallo springs are:
a Ambowuha spring 07 006.338'N. 038 034.585'E and its' altitude is 1701m;

* Tunto spring 07 006.338'N, 038 034.528'E and its altitude is 1703m;
0 Shallo spring 07006.666'N, 038033.963'E and its alti,tude is 1706m;
Photo 1: Ambowuha spring capped (left) a.nd Hot spring near to the Ambowuha
spring (right)
2.3 WATER YIELD OF THE PROPOSED SOURCE
According to different studies, hydrology and hydro-geo~logical features of the proposed
water supply source area indicates that there is rich gr-ound water and subsurface flow
potential. There are a number of hot and cold springs flowing out of the foot of the Toga
Mountain. Among the cold springs Ambowuha. Tunto- Shallo and Shaesa have sustainable
discharges; but Shaesa spring has been left for environmental flow and for irrigation
purpose. The rest springs are proposed to supplement for Hawassa water supply demand
and for the source community.
T-he yield of Ambowuha, Tunto, Shallo and Shaesa springs is 57 U/s, 5 l/s, 10 I/s and 8 I/s
respectively. The estimated cumulative yield from these springs is 80 I/s. As per the design,
it is planned to abstract about 55 I/s to satisfy the short timne demand of the Hawassa town
water supply and communities residing at the water source area.
.O
VVCTE YFSERIPTON AND PRO PSDQATURON1
Ambowuha and Tunto springs are apart from each other by 100m and has the actual head
difference of 1.957m- The head difference between Shallo spring and Ambowuha is 5m and
they are far apart from each other by 1505m. The aim is to use Ambowuha and Tunto for
Hawassa town and neighbouring Kebeles of Oromia Region and the Shallo spring for the
local people drinking and cattle watering
The Oromo Self-Help Organization (OSHO) is currently constructing pipelines and service
reservoirs to supply about 12 I/s of the above mentioned yield to Kebels which are belonging
to Oromia Region. These Kebeles include Shashekakale,Toga, Daleti, Bishan-Guracha,
Waransa and Kore-Borojota
s W - - - in ,
E f
Figure 2: Map shows location of the proposed springs and reservoir sites
2.4 COMPONENTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
The proposed project activities comprise developing andJ capping the springs, construction
of access road including culverts, retaining wall, wet-well, pump-house, transmission
pipeline, reservoirs and distribution line up to the junction point of the existing
distribution system
PR,OJFCT r.FSr'RIPTION AND LOCATION

2.4.1 Access Road
Construction of access road is one of the components of the proposed project. Since some
parts of the road that leads to the proposed spring is located at the foot of the Toga
Mountain, where there are huge boulders laid on the road that may create great obstacle for
walking and driving. Therefore, clearing the road to remove these stones and constructing
culverts across the drainage crossings are considered as one of the major activities to be
undertaken before developing the springs. During the time of this field assessment, most
part of the access road has been constructed.
Photo 2: Constructed access road (left); stone boulders at the upstream of the
spring area (right)
2.4.2 Capping Structures
The spring capping is designed in order to collect the required amount of water with out any
possibility of contamination. The springs considered have several eyes appear closely and
adjacent to each other. Thus, the capping work will be made in such a way to collect the
water from the spring eyes and convey the water to a collection chamber (the wet well) to be
located down stream. This collection chambers are designed in such a way that they can
store considerable amount of water to enable safe suction for the pumps. Hence in
accordance with the design the submersible centrifugal pump with high head and low
discharge is proposed to accommodate the sufficient suction depth, which is about 3m,
50m3 wet well is proposed.
Since the area of capping and wet well is surrounded by small hot spring and back water
effect through the swampy soil, the type of the wet well that will be constructed must be
resistant of such effects of the area. Therefore, basaltic hard rock masonry wet well with
sufficient external and intemal coating is recommended.
2.4.3 Transmission main Line
The main transmission line is designed to convey the water from the spring source to the
service reservoir situated at the Eredo hill in the Hawassa town. The selection of pipe
material is depended on pressure carrying capacity, the nature of the ground in which the
PROJECT l)FSCRiPTION AND LOCATION

pipe are to be laid and the effective cost of the pipe. The route of transmission pipeline
consists of rocky path, forest and swampy areas across Tikurwuha River. The total length of
the transmission main line is about 9.3 km.
2.4.4 Service Reservoir
Service reservoirs are proposed to be constructed to provided water storage and command
a distribution system. The reservoirs will be located at the suitable elevation at Eredo hill to
provide the required pressure for water flow with in the system. The reservoirs should
contain well designed inlet, outlet, drain pipe, overflow pipe, water level indicator, man hole,
ladder and other necessary accessories. Based on the production of the springs and daily
demand, construction of service reservoir with the capacity of 100OM 3 is proposed.
There are different types of reservoirs, such as reinforced concrete reservoirs, Masonry
reservoirs, polyethylene reservoirs, pioneer (ZincAlum) steel tanker and so on. By
considering the urgency of the project and initial investment cost of these options, the
design team recommended the pioneer water tank.
The proposed reservoir will be constructed at Eredo Hill. The peak elevation of Eredo Hill is
1762m.a.s.l. with geographic coordinates of 07004.724'N and 038030.516'E. The site is
very suitable to supply the water to Dato-Odahe, Chefecotjebesa, Hawassa University main
campus, village of Diaspora, higher 1 kebele 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07 and higher 2 Kebele
02, 03, 05, 06, 07 partially around Adventist church and Amora-Gedel.
_ - F.
- - ~~~ .
.~.
an pac animals avial at th ae. Prvos exeene .sh..o-)we tha the numbero-
X, . . ... ....- . -. - .... - -
Photo 3: The proposed service reservoir site at Eredo hill
2.4.5 Cattle Trough and Washing Basin
Provision of cattle trough near the spring area is considered based on the number of cattle
and pack animals available at the area. Previous experiences showed that the number of
pastoralists and livestock population varies from season to season. The number of livestock
will be high in dry period when there is no sufficient water in other areas and low in the wet
season. Data collected for design of cattle trough indicated that there are about 10, 000
cattle use Shallo spring. Thus, three cattle trough is designed in such away that it should
serve at least 120 cattle at a time with an average consumption of about 18 I/c/day.
Similarly, the domestic water demand for pastoralists estimated to be about 15 I/c/day. This
demand is considered to design water point and washingl basins. Accordingly, two washing
PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION

basins and three water points were designed at Shallo and Tunto Spring areas to serve the
water source area communities and seasonal migrants to the area.
In addition to the above structures, Oromo Self Help Organization (OSHO) is laying
transition line and constructing small reservoirs to supply water for about six Kebeles in the
water source area. These kebeles include Shashakekele,Toga, Daleti, Bishan-Guracha,
Waransa and Kore-Borojota. Water for these Kebeles will be taken from one of the two wet
wells to be constructed at the Ambowuha spring. Construction of these wet wells is currently
ongoing. The first wet well (wet well 1) will store water for the above mentioned Kebeles and
the second wet well (wet well 2) is for Hawassa town. The arrangement of wet wells is that
the water first fills the wet well one which is proposed for the source Kebeles and then the
overflow will be collected in the second wet well which is then taken to Hawassa town.
Photo 4: Herd of cattle iswaiting in queue to drink from Shallo spring (left), while
cattle and people are competing for the same Shallo spring (right)
p -- '
4 '
Photo 5: Wet well one (Left) and Wet well two (Right) are under construction
2.4.6 Auxiliary Buildings

A pump house, guard and operator houses, and chemical storte will be constructed at
appropriate locations to facilitate the operation and proper functioning of the project.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND L-OCATION 1

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
OF AMBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
3 REVIEW OF POLICIES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK PERTINENT

TO SEIA
3.1 RELEVANT NATIONAL POLICIES AND STRATAGIES
3.1.1 The Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty
(PASDEP)
The Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty
(PASDEP) is the
Ethiopia's guiding strategic framework for the five-year period 2005/06-2009/10.
main development objective of the Ethiopian Government is poverty eradication. The
the country's development policies and strategies are geared towards this Hence,
end.
The PASDEP represents the second phase of the Poverty Reduction
Strategy Program
(PRSP) process, which has begun under the Sustainable Development
Reduction Program (SDPRP), which covered 2002/03-2004/05. The PASDEP and Poverty
forward important strategic directions pursued under the Sustainable Development carries
Poverty Reduction Program (SDPRP) -related to infrastructure human and
development, rural
development, food security, and capacity-building- but also embodies
some bold new
directions. Foremost among them is a major focus on growth in the program
particular emphasis on greater commercialization of agriculture and enhancingperiod with a
sector development, industry, urban development and a scaling-up private
of efforts to achieve
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
The major strategic goals stipulated in PASDEP towards the realization
Environmentally Sound Development Vision of Ethiopia are: of the
* Ensure community-led environmental protection and the sustainable

use of
environmental resources for gender equity and improved livelihood;
* Rehabilitate affected ecosystems;
* Enhance capacity of ecosystems to deliver goods and services,
particularly
biomass for food, feed and household energy;
* Remove the adverse impacts of municipal waste;
* Prevent environmental pollution; and
* Ensure proactively the integration of environmental and ethical dictates especially
mainstreaming gender equity in development.
Implementation strategies envisaged in the PASDEP to achieve the
above stated
environmental conservation and management goals are:
a Promotion of a participatory and problem solving livelihood improvement

framework for gender equity, environmental protection and the sustainable use
environmental resources; of
* Partnership building with all stakeholders for environmental management;
* Development of tools for proactive environmental management
that has
mainstreamed gender equity;
a Improvement of a gender balanced environmental knowledge through awareness
raising programs;
* Building environmental information and networking system;
* Promotion of investment in environmental protection and the sustainable
environmental resources for the improvement of livelihoods; and use of
a Resource mobilization and channelling for the required activities
REVIEW OF POLICIES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

21
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
3.1.2 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE), issued in April
1997, supports
Constitutional Rights through its guiding principles. The overall
policy
improve and enhance the health and quality of life of all Ethiopians. goal is to
promote sustainable social and economic development through It helps to
sound management
and use of natural, human-made and cultural resources and their
whole, and to meet the needs of the present generation without environment as a
compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
The policy seeks to ensure the empowerment and participation

of the people and
their organizations at all levels in environmental management activities,
public awareness and promote understanding of the essential and to raise
environment and development. In addition to its guiding principles, linkage between
sectoral and cross-sectoral environmental policies. Environmental the policy provides
Assessment (EIA) policies are included in the cross-sectoral environmental Impact
The EIA policies emphasis the early recognition of environmental policies.
planning, public participation, mitigation and environmental issues in project
management, and
capacity building at all levels of administration.
The policy establishes the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)

sectoral development plans and to implement an environmental to harmonize
program for the Country. It also imparts political and popular management
sustainable use of natural, human-made and cultural resources support to the
Regional, Zonal, Wereda and Community levels. at the Federal,
3.1.3 Policies on Land Tenure, Expropriation and Compensation
The Constitution of the FDRE states that the right to ownership

land, as well as all natural resources is of public and state. Land is of rural and urban
state/public and does not require compensation. The Constitution the property of the
the ownership right for the property he has invested on the land, gives every person
article 40 (7) states that every Ethiopian shall have the full right and in this regard
property he builds and to the permanent improvements he brings to the immovable
about on the land
by his labour or capital.
If the land that is owned by an individual is expropriated by the Government

use, the person is entitled for compensation. In this regard, article for public
Constitution states that all persons who have been displaced or 44 (2) of the
whose livelihoods
have been adversely affected as a result of state programs
commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, have the right to
with adequate state assistance. including relocation
3.1.4 Sectoral Policies
The Government of Ethiopia has issued several sectoral policies.

which are pertinent to this particular project, are summarized as follow:Some of them,
3.1.5 Water Resource Policy
The Ministry of Water Resources formulated the Federal Water

Resource Policy in
1998 for a comprehensive and integrated water resource management.
The overall

22
PROJECT
goal of the policy is to enable and promote all national efforts towards
equitable and optimum utilization of the available water resources of the efficient,
significant socioeconomic development on sustainable basis. The policy Ethiopia for
ensures that
water allocation gives the highest priority to water supply and sanitation
apportioning the rest for uses and services that result the highest socio while
benefits. The detail objectives of the water resources management policy economic
are:
* Development of the water resources of the country for economic and
benefits of the people, on equitable and sustainable basis; social
* Allocation and apportionment of water based on a comprehensive and
integrated
plans and optimum allocation principles that incorpcrate efficiency of use,
equity
of access and sustainability of the resources;
* Managing and combating drought as well as other associated slow
on-set
disasters through efficient allocation, redistribution, transfer, storage and
efficient
use of water resources;
* Combating and regulating floods through sustainable mitigation, prevention,
rehabilitation and other practical measures; and
* Conserving, protecting and enhancing water resources and the overall
environment on sustainable basis. aquatic
3.1.6 Wildlife Policy
The Wildlife Policy developed in 2006 by the Ministry of Agriculture

Development. The prime objective of the policy is to create conducive and Rural
environment
for the preservation, development and sustainable utilization of Ethiopia's
resources for social and economic development and for the integrity wildlife
biosphere/biodiversity. It covers a wide range of policies and strategies of the
amongst others, to wildlife conservation and protected areas with four relating,
from the highest protection ranking 'National Park', followed by 'Game categories
'Sanctuary' to 'Controlled Hunting Area'. Reserve' and
3.2 REVIEW OF WORLD BANK EA POLICIES

3.2.1 The World Bank Operational Policy 4.01
In addition to the requirements of the Federal Government, donor organisations

as the World Bank have requirements for EA. The World Bank Operational such
4.01 requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed Policy
financing to ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, for Bank
and thus to
improve decision-making. The Bank's EIA policy states that:
EA is a process whose breadth, depth, and type of analysis depend on

scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project. EA the nature,
evaluates
project's potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence; a
project alternatives; identifies ways of improving project selection, siting, examines
design, and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or planning,
compensating
for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts; and
process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts includes the
project implementation. The Bank favours preventive measures over throughout
compensatory measures, whenever feasible. mitigatory or
EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human
and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous health
peoples, and

23
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA
SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
physical cultural resources); and trans-boundary and global environmental aspects.

EA considers natural and social aspects in an integrated way. It also takes into
account the variations in project and country conditions; the findings of country
environmental studies; national environmental action plans; the country's overall
policy framework, national legislation, and institutional capabilities related to the
environment and social aspects; and obligations of the country, pertaining to project
activities, under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements. The
Bank does not finance project activities that would contravene such country
obligations, as identified during the EA. EA is initiated as early as possible in project
processing and is integrated closely with the economic, financial, institutional, social,
and technical analyses of a proposed project.
Based on the outcome of Bank's environmental screening, projects can be

categorized as A, B, C or Fl. The selection of the category is based upon the
expected environmental impacts.
* Category A: A full EA is required. I.e. A proposed project is classified as

Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that
are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented.
* Category B: Although a full EA is not required, environmental analysis is
required. A proposed project is classified as Category B if it's potential
adverse environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally
important areas-including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural
habitats-are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts
are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases
mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A
projects.
* Category C: No EA or environmental analysis is required. A proposed project
is classified as Category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse
environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no furlher EA action is required for
a Category C project.
* A proposed project is classified as Category Fl if it involves investment of
Bank funds through a financial intermediary, in subprojects that may result in
adverse environmental impacts.
In addition to OP4.01, Environmental and Social Management Frame work (ESMF)/mid-term
guidance has been reviewed and utilized to screen the proposed project. Conceptually, the
ESMF/mid-term guidance uses the same approach for assigning the appropriate
environmental category as OP4.01, but adapts it to the sub-project level to ensure speedy
implementation of future projects. The main modification is that it sub divide category B of
OP4.01 in to two sub categories. Category B1 and category B2. For category Bi projects,
application of simple mitigation measures will suffice and no separate socio- environmental
impact assessment will require. For category B2 projects a separate socio-environmental
impact assessment will be required which comprise identified adverse impacts, mitigation
measures, environmental and social management and monitoring plans.
Based on the above Bank's and EPA's environmental policies, screening was mad to classify
the proposed Ambowuha spring development project into category A,B1, B2 or C of the
World Bank, or schedule 1,2 or 3 of the EPA classification (see the following table).
REVIEW OF POLICIES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 24

PROJECT
Table 1: Screenin and classification of the propos ed project

No. Query Answer World Bank Project category
Policy to be
triggered
According to According to
the World EPA
Bank's OP4.01
1 Size and Small, which OP 4.01, No mention Schedule 3
scale of the requires Environmental
project abstraction of impact
551/s from three assessment
springs
2 Sensitivity Sensitive due to OP4.04, B2
of the Schedule 2
the presence of natural
project wetland habitats
location (Cheleleka
wetland _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _
3 Magnitude Most of them are OP4.04, B2 Schedule 2
of potential insignificant natural
impacts except the habitats
impact on
wetland
4 Nature of Mitigable and OP 4.01, B2 Schedule 2
the reversible by Environmental
potential adopting impact
impacts appropriate assessment
mitigation
measures and
EMP
Overall project category B2 2
After the screening with the above policies and relevant guidelines, it is understood
environmental assessment process for the proposed Ambowuha that the
Project lays under the Category B2 of the World Bank or Schedule Spring Development
2 of
Guideline, i.e. the project impacts are less adverse than those of Category the EPA EIA
other words, these impacts are site-specific; few and mitigation measures A projects. In
more readily than for Category A projects. can be designed
3.2.2 Other World Bank Policies Relating to the Proposed Project

3.2.2.1 Natural Habitats Policy OP 4.04
Under this policy the Bank promotes and supports habitat conservation
use by financing projects which further the conservation of natural and improved land
requires that a project which has substantial impacts on natural habitats. The policy
habitat must include
appropriate mitigation measures, including direct support for conserving
similar area. The Bank does not support projects that involve the significantan ecologically
degradation of critical natural habitats such as wetlands. conversion or
3.2.2.2 Water Resources Management OP 4.07

Among priority areas for Bank assistance and involvement are the
comprehensive framework for designing water resource investments, development of a
institutions; restoration and preservation of aquatic ecosystems against policies, and
over-exploitation of

25
PROJECT
groundwater and surface water resources; avoidance

of water quality problems associated
with irrigation investment; and establishment of strong
enforce policies. legal and regulatory frameworks to
3.2.2.3 Forestry OP 4.36

Bank lending in the forest sector aims to reduce deforestation,
contribution of forested areas, promote afforestation, enhance the environmental
economic development. The Bank expects governments reduce poverty, and encourage
to have adequate provisions in
place for conserving protected areas and critical watersheds,
environmental guidelines and monitoring procedures. as well as for establishing
for logging in primary tropical moist forests. The Bank does not provide financing
3.2.2.4 Indigenous Peoples OD 4.20

This policy ensures that indigenous peoples (defined as
social groups whose social and
cultural identities are distinct from those of the dominant society,
being disadvantaged in the development process), benefit making them vulnerable to
from the
that potentially adverse impacts of Bank projects on indigenous project. It also ensures
mitigated. An indigenous peoples development plan can peoples are avoided or
be prepared, as appropriate, in
tandem with the main investment project.
3.2.2.5 Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.12

Involuntary resettlement under this policy covers both
involuntary displacement and the
measures for mitigating the impacts of displacement. Any
acquisition or is screened as a category A or B project operation that involves land
purposes is reviewed for potential resettlement requirementsfor environmental assessment
protect the livelihood of people who lose their land, their houses, early in the project cycle to
Bank's resettlement policy is to assist displaced persons in or both. The objective of the
former living standards and earnings capacity. To achieve their efforts to restore or improve
this
required to prepare and carry out resettlement plans or development objective, the Borrower is
programs.
In case of the proposed Ambowuha Spring Development
level of impact is very low. Therefore, a full resettlement Project, the number of PAPs and
paying appropriate compensation for the affected propertiesplan would not be required. Only
could solve the problem.
3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES
3.3.1 EPA's Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines
With a view to implement the environmental laws, environmental

issued by the EPA. Among these are the technical and guidelines were
procedural EIA guidelines,
which were issued in 2000 and 2003 respectively. They
developers, competent agencies and other stakeholders are intended to guide
Guidelines follow the conventional pattern adopted in many in carrying out ElAs. The
other
provision for screening, scoping, identification and evaluation countries and make
development of environmental management and monitoring of impacts, the
alternatives, EIA report structure and information requirements,plans, consideration of
etc.
The procedural guideline details the required procedures
permit requirements, the stages and procedures involvedfor conducting an EIA, the
in EIA process, and the
roles and responsibilities of parties involved in the EIA process.
It also includes the

26
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA SPRING
- DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
categories of projects (schedule of activities) concerning

list of project types under each category. the requirement of EIA, and
The technical guideline specifies tools particularly

standards and guidelines that may
be considered when engaging in the EIA process,
environmental assessment in specific development and detail key issues for
the categories, the relevant requirements for an sectors. The Guideline provides
each category. In accordance with this Guideline, EIA and lists project types under
projects are categorized into three
schedules:
Schedule 1: Projects which may have adverse and

significant environmental impacts
and therefore require a full Environmental Impact Assessment,
Schedule 2: Projects whose type, scale or other
potential to cause some significant environmental relevant characteristics have
impacts but are not likely to warrant
a full EIA study, and
Schedule 3: Projects which would have no impact and

do not require an EIA.
However, projects located in environmentally sensitive
erosion, land prone to desertification, areas of areas such as land prone to
scenic landscape, religiously important areas etc. historic or archaeological interest,
should be treated as equivalent to
schedule 1 activities irrespective of the nature and
size of the project.
According to the EPA guidelines, the Hawassa Water
Ambowuha springs) falls under schedule 2 that Supply Project (development of
significant environmental impacts but is not likely has potential to cause some
main reason is that the proposed water supply Project to warrant a full EIA study. The
and scale, it is located at environmentally sensitive though it is small in its size
development of spring, construction of transmission wetland area and involve
systems, which could cause some impacts on the line and water distribution
communities who depend on the flow of these springs environment. In addition, there are
up and downstream. at the source/spring point and
3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK LEGISLATIONS
3.4.1 The Constitution of Ethiopia

The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic
August 1995, has several provisions, which have of Ethiopia (FDRE), adopted in
relevance for the appropriate implementation direct policy, legal and institutional
of environmental
rehabilitation action plans to avoid, mitigate or compensate protection and
development actions including water supply projects. the adverse effects of
development and environment rights are entrenched The concepts of sustainable
Ethiopia through Articles 43 and 44, which state in the rights of the people of
development and the right to live in a clean and healthy among others the right to
environment.
Article 44 provides that all persons have the right
further emphasizes that the pollutant shall pay into a clean healthy environment and
violating the basic right. Article 92
states that all Ethiopians shall live in clean and healthy
destruction happened to those basic environmental environment; no damage or
full consultation and the community has the right to rights. People have the right to
and implementation of environment policies and deals express its views in the planning
with the projects that directly

27
PROJECT
affect them. The Government and citizens shall have the

duty to protect the
environment and mitigate the affected parts.
3.4.2 Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection
Organs
The objective of this Proclamation (No. 295/2002) is to assign
responsibilities to
separate organizations for environmental development and management
one hand, and environmental protection, regulations and monitoring activities on
order to ensure sustainable use of environmental resources, on the other, in
possible conflicts of interest and duplication of effort. ilt also thereby avoiding
system that fosters coordinated but differentiated responsibilitiesintends to establish a
environmental protection agencies at federal and regional levels. among
This Proclamation re-established the EPA as an autonomous

Federal Government of Ethiopia. It also empowers every public institution of the
competent agency to
establish or designate an environmental unit (Sectoral Environmental
be responsible for coordination and follow-up so that the activities Unit) that shall
agency are in harmony with this Proclamation and with of the competent
protection requirements. Furthermore, the Proclamation states other environmental
state should establish an independent regional environrnental that each regional
agency or designates
an existing agency that shall be responsible for environmental
and regulation in their respective regional states. monitoring, protection
3.4.3 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment
The aim of this Proclamation (Proc. No. 299/2002) is to make

an EIA mandatory for
specified categories of activities undertaken by either the public
and is the legal tool for environmental planning, management and or private sectors
monitoring.
The Proclamation elaborates on considerations with respect
positive and negative impacts and states that the impact to the assessment of
of a project shall be
assessed on the basis of the size, location, nature, cumulative
concurrent impacts or phenomena, trans-regional context, effect with other
duration, reversibility or
irreversibility or other related effects of a project. Categories
require full EIA, not full EIA or no EIA are provided. To effect the of projects that will
Proclamation, the EPA has issued a Procedural and Technical requirements of this
provide details of the EIA process and its requirements. EIA Guidelines, which
3.4.4 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control
This Proclamation, Proc. No. 300/2002, is mainly based on the

right of each citizen to
have a healthy environment, as well as on the obligation to protect
the Country. Its primary objective is to provide the basis from the environment of
ambient environmental standards applicable to Ethiopia can which the relevant
make the violation of these standards a punishable act. The be developed, and to
Proclamation states that
the "polluter pays" principle will be applied to all persons. Under
the EPA is given the mandate for the creation of the function this Proclamation,
Inspectors. These inspectors (to be assigned by EPA or of Environmental
regional environmental
agencies) are given the authority to ensure implementation
environmental standards and related requirements. and enforcement of
3.4.5 Proclamation on Ethiopian Water Resources Management
This Proclamation, Proc. No. 197/2000, issued in March 2000

and
requirements for Ethiopian water resources management, protection provides legal
and utilization.

28
DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
The aim of the Proclamation is to ensure that

protected and utilized for the highest social and water resources of the country are
supervise that they are duly conserved, ensureeconomic benefits, to follow up and
that harmful effects of water use
prevented, and that the management of water resources
is carried out properly.
The Proclamation defines the ownership of water
Supervising Body, inventory of water resources resources, powers and duties of the
professional licenses, fees and water charges. and registry of actions, permits and
water resources of the country are the common According to the Proclamation, all
the State. As provided in the Proclamation, property of the Ethiopian people and
pertaining to water resources at central level, or the Supervising Body [the Ministry
shall be responsible for the planning, management, any organ delegated by the Ministry]
resources. It shall also have the necessary power utilization and protection of water
for the execution of its duties under
the provisions of this Proclamation.
3.4.6 Proclamation on Expropriation of Land Holdings
and Payment of Compensation
Proclamation No. 455/2005, issued in July 2005,
development works carried out by the government deals with appropriation of land for
compensation for a person whose landholding and determination of
provisions on power to expropriate landholdings, has been expropriated. It includes
responsibility for the implementing agency, and notification of expropriation order,
procedures
According to the Proclamation, the power to expropriate for removal of utility lines.
Wereda or urban administration authorities. landholdings mainly rests on
In addition, the Proclamation deals with determination

articles on the basis and amount of compensation, of compensation having
valuation of property, property valuation committees, displacement compensation,
relation to compensation. As per this Proclamation, complaints and appeals in
been expropriated shall be entitled to payment a landholder whose holding has
situated on the land for permanent improvements for compensation for his property
amount compensation for property situated he made to such land, and the
determined based on the replacement cost of the on the expropriated land shall be
property.
3.4.7 Proclamation on Rural Land Administration
and Use
This Proclamation, Proc. No. 456/2005, came into
of the Proclamation is to conserve and develop effect in July 2005. The objective
promoting sustainable land use practices. In natural resources in rural areas by
order
pastoralists to implement measures to guard against to encourage farmers and
introduces a Rural Land Holding Certificate, which soil erosion, the Proclamation
tenure. provides a level of security of
The MoARD is charged with executing the Proclamation

coordinating the activities of the regional authorities. by providing support and co-
obligation to establish a competent organization Regional governments have an
administration and land use law. to implement the rural land
According the Proclamation where land, which has

acquired for public works, compensation commensurate already been registered, is to be
to the land shall be paid to the land use holder or with the improvements made
Proclamation imposes restrictions on the use substitute land shall be offered. The
example wetland areas, steep slopes, land dissected of various categories of land, for
by gullies, etc.

29
DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
3.4.8 SNNPRS Rural Land Use and Administration

Proclamation
Recognizing the importance of proper management
land resources for sustainable agriculture and other and utilization of the land and
Nations Nationalities and Peoples Regional State uses in the region, the Southern
Land Administration and Utilization Proclamation has issued a proclamation 'Rural
Proclamation defines the use, right, security and (Proclamation no. 110/2007). The
obligation of the land users. It states
among other matters that:
* Peasant farmers, pastoralists and semi-pastoralists

engaged in agriculture shall
have the right to get rural land freely;
* Any resident of the region, eighteen years old
or more, who wants to engage in
agriculture has the right to get rural land holding and
use;
* Governmental and non-governmental organizations,
organizations have the right to use rural land through private investors and social
legal process;
* Women who want to engage in agriculture shall
have the right to get and use rural
land; and
* Holder of rural land who is evicted for purpose of
public
compensation in advance proportional to the development benefit shall be given
land and properties acquired and shall be given other he has made on the
holder is evicted by the Federal Government the rate land. When the rural land
determined based on the Federal Land Administration of compensation would be
land holder is evicted by Regional Government, the Laws; and when the rural
be determined based on the Rural Land Administration rate of compensation would
of the Region.
The project under consideration is the regional project;
affected property and land would be paid accordinghence, compensation for any
disproportion laws of the Regional Government. to the land and property
3.4.9 Public Health Proclamation, Proclamation No. 200/2000
The government of Ethiopia issued public health proclamation

believed that the issuance of public health law is an in March 2000. It is
important
of the health of the society and for the creation of healthy step for the promotion
and future generation. environment for the present
The proclamation has addressed important issues,

related to the conservation of environment andwhich are directly or indirectly
occupational health. Major
environmental health issues emphasized in the proclamation
are highlighted bellow:
The proclamation among others prohibits:
* Providing water supply services from springs, wells

quality is verified by health Authority, or through pipes unless its
* To import, produce or distribute to the society bottled
unless its quality is verified, and mineral water or plane water
* To discharge untreated liquid waste generated
from septic tanks, seepage-pits,
and industries into water bodies, or water convergences.
Regarding occupational health control and use of machinery
the proclamation states:

30
ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA SPRING3 DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
• Any employer shall ensure the availability of occupational health services

to his
employees, and
* The use of any machinery or instrument which generates
excessive noise is
prohibited. Any person who uses such machinery or instrument
reducing apparatus or instruments. shall install noise
When it comes to the handling and disposal of waste, the proclamation
that: underlines
* Any person shall collect waste in especially designated place

which does not affect the health of the society, and in a manner
* No person shall dispose solid, liquid or any other waste in a
contaminates the environment or affects the health of the society, manner which
* Solid, liquid and other waste generated from hospitals should meet
the standards
set by the public health authorities,
* Any institution or organization providing public service has the
obligation to
organize clean, adequate and accessible toilet facilities for its customers,
* Any city administration is responsible to provide public toilet and
ensure its
cleanliness, and
* No person shall provide a natural stream bathing or hot spring service
authorized by the appropriate health authority. unless
Therefore, the proposed water supply project construction contractors

aware of these laws and work in accordance to the laws. They should should be
understand
that violation of the proclamation would lead to the degradation of environment
health of the society and eventually leads to legal punishment of the and
doer.
3.4.10 Proclamation on Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage
Proclamation No. 209/2000 provides legal framework for Research

of Cultural Heritage. The Proclamation establishes the Authority and Conservation
Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) as a government for Research and
institution with a
juridical personality. In addition, it has provisions for management,
discovery and study of cultural heritage and miscellaneous provisions. exploration,
The Proclamation defines the objectives, powers and duties

(ARCCH). It also has provisions on Management of Cultural Heritage.of the Authority
are provisions on Ownership and Duties of Owners, Classification, Among these
Conservation and Restoration, Removal, the Use, and Expropriation Registration,
Heritage, Preservation of Cultural Heritage Situated on Land given of Cultural
Establishment of Museum. in Usufruct, and
3.4.11 Establishment of EPLAUA of SNNPR
The main objective of the EPLAUA is to ensure that the region's social
development activities are carried out in a manner that the environment and economic
resources are utilized, protected and developed on sustainable basis. and natural
has the objective to create conducive atmosphere by which In addition, it
the management,
administration and use of rural land of the region could be appropriately
Further, it has the objective to create legal and institutional framework decided.
concerned parties discharge their responsibilities related to natural in which all
administration and use as well as environmental protection. resources, land

31
PROJECT
3.4.12 Regulations on Payment of Compensation

for Property Situated on
Landholdings Expropriated for Public Purposes
Regulations No. 135/2007 came into effect in July 2007,
deal
compensation for property situated on landholdings expropriated with payment of
These Regulations were issued by the Council of Ministers for public purposes.
the Definition of Powers and Duties of the Executive pursuant to Article 5 of
Organs
Proclamation No. 471/2005 and Article 14(1) of the Proclamation of the FDRE
an objective of not only paying compensation but also to assist No. 455/2005 with
restore their livelihood. displaced persons to
The Regulations contain provisions on assessment of compensation

property types (including buildings, fences, crops, trees for various
and protected grass),
permanent improvement of rural land, relocation of property,
ground, and formula for calculating the amount of compensation. mining license, burial
In addition, it has
provisions for replacement of urban land and rural land, displacement
for land used for crops, protected grass or grazing, and provisional compensation
rural land. Further, the Regulations contain provisions that expropriation of
which compensation is not payable and regarding furnishing of specify properties for
data
committee, records of property, evidence of possession and ownership,to compensation
costs. and valuation
3.5 ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
3.5.1 Federal and Regional Administration
The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) comprises

and two Administrative Councils with their own legislative, nine member States
executive and judicial
powers. The FDRE has a parliamentary system of government,
with two councils: the
Council of Peoples' Representatives and the Federal Council.
Each of the nine States and two Councils has powers under
planning, determining and implementing social and economic the State Council for
own region, and each is responsible for the development and programmes within its
protection of its natural
resource base. For administrative purposes, the States are divided
into Zones, which
are in turn sub-divided into Weredas. Each Wereda is again sub-divided
which provide local level organization and administration. into Kebeles,
For the day-to-day activities, the highest decision making organ

the Wereda executive committee, which comprises of the Wereda at the Wereda level is
chief administrator,
vice administrator, chief secretary and others with varying responsibilities.
executive committee is accountable to the Wereda administration The Wereda
council,
elected political arm of the Wereda. Below the Wereda administration, which is the
root community level in both urban and rural areas there at the grass-
administrations are responsible for coordinating and organizing are Kebeles. Kebele
development activities. the community
3.5.2 National Environmental Protection Authority
The National Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) was

Proclamation No. 295/2002 as an autonomous public institution re-established under
Government of Ethiopia entrusted with the protection and of the Federal
conservation
resources in Ethiopia. The general role of the EPA is to provide of natural
for the protection and

32
DRAf r REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
conservation of the broad environment, through formulation of policies, strategies, laws

and standards, which foster social and economic development in a manner that
enhance the welfare of humans and the safety of the environment sustainable.
All project proponents and executing bodies (agencies) in the country should operate in
close cooperation with the EPA to ensure that proper mitigating measures are designed
and implemented especially for projects with significant adverse impacts on the
environment. That is, an Environmental Impact Study Report should be prepared by
project proponents and examined, commented and approved by the EPA. However, for
projects under the supervision of the. Regional State, this mandate is transferred to the
Regional Environmental Agency (REA) or the institution designated by the Regional
State.
The EPA is the Competent Agency at the Federal level in Ethiopia. It is, therefore, the
responsibility of this authority in the EIA process to:
* ensure that the proponent complies with requirements of the EIA process;
* maintain co-operation and consultation between the different sectoral agencies
throughout the EIA process;
* maintain a close relationship with the proponent and to provide guidance on the
process; and
* Evaluate and take decisions on the documents that arise from the EIA process.
3.5.3 Sectoral Environmental Units
According to the Proclamation No. 295/2002, every competent agency shall establish
or designate an environmental unit that shall be responsible for coordination and follow
up so that the activities of the competent agency are in harmony with this Proclamation
and with other environmental protection requirements.
3.5.4 Regional Environmental Agencies
As per the Proclamation No. 295/2002, each Regional State shall establish an
independent regional environmental agency or designate an existing agency that shall,
based on the Ethiopian Environmental Policy and Conservation strategly and ensuring
public participation in the decision making process, be responsible for:
coordinating the formulation, implementation, review and revision of regional

conservation strategies, and
* environmental monitoring, protection and regulation.
The Proclamation also states that regional environmental agencies shall ensure the
implementation of federal environmental standards or, as may be appropriate, issue
and implement their own no less stringent standards. Finally, the Proclamation states
that regional environmental agencies shall prepare reports on the respective state of
the environment and sustainable development of their respective states and submit
them to the EPA.
For the SNNPR, the Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Utilization
Authority is responsible for environmental protection matters in the Region. The
Authority is responsible for the review and approval of EIA of development proposals
under the mandate of the Regional Government and to follow-up of the implementation
of EIA recommendations of such proposals. Therefore, project proponents in the
IREVIEW OF POLICIES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 33

PROJECT
Region should operate in close cooperation with the Authority to ensure that the
adverse environment effects of development proposals are properly identified and their
mitigation or management actions incorporated in the project design or planning and
implemented at the right time. Similar to the federal level, an Environmental Impact
Study Report should be prepared by the project proponents and examined, commented
and approved by the Authority.
3.6 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS

In addition to national environmental legislations, the Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia is also a party to a number of Regional and International Conventions and
Protocols on Environment. The Government has established an Environmental
Protection Authority, and this Authority is designated as focal point for the
implementation of these conventions and protocols. These Conventions and Protocols
are as follow:
3.6.1 Convention on Biological Diversity
The Convention on Biological Diversity has three goals. These are:
* Conservation of biodiversity;
* Sustainable use of the components of biodiversity and
* Fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic
resources.
* The convention was ratified by Ethiopia through proclamation 98/94 on May 31,
1994.
3.6.2 Framework Convention on Climate Change

Ethiopia ratified this convention through proclamation No. 97/1994 on May 2/1994. This
convention takes into account the fact that climate change has trans-boundary impacts.
The basic objective of this convention is to provide for agreed limits on the release of
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere so as to prevent the occurrence of climate
change. It also aims to prepare countries to minimize the impact of climate change,
should it occur.
3.6.3 The Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer
The basic objective of the Convention is to combat the negative impact on the
environment and human beings resulting from ozone depleting substances by reducing
the amounts released and eventually banning their commercial use through
internationally agreed measures. The Montreal Protocol entered into force in 1989 to
facilitate the implementation of the convention.
Ethiopia ratified and become party to the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol
in January 1996. The National Meteorological Services Agency has been mandated for
the coordination and supervision of implementation of this convention.
3.6.4 The United Nations Conventions to Combat Desertification
The objective of the convention is to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of
droughts in countries experiencing serious drought and /or desertification, particularly in
Africa. Ethiopia has ratified the convention through its proclamation no. 80/1997.

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMFPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
3.6.5 The Basel Convention

The objective of the Basel Convention is to control and regulate the trans- boundary
movement of hazardous wastes. The Bamako Convention of 1991 plays a similar role
at the level of the African continent.
Ethiopia ratified the Basel Convention through its Proclamation No. 357/2002. Its
amendment was ratified through Proclamation No. 356/2002. The country has also
ratified the Bamako Convention through Proclamation No. 355/2002.
3.6.6 The Stockholm Convention
In the year 2002, Ethiopia fully accepted and ratified the Stockholm Convention on
persistent organic pollutants by Proclarnation No. 279/2002 designed to ban the use of
persistent organic pollutants. The Environmental Protection Authority has the full
mandate to implement the convention at the national level.
3.6.7 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora
The objectives of the convention are to control international trade in endangered
species and to ensure that international trade in non-endangered species is carried out
in a manner, which ensures stable markets and economic benefits for the exporting
countries as well as to control and regulate illegal trade in such non-endangered
species, fossils and/ or their derivatives.
Ethiopia ratified the convention through Proclamation 14/1970. The mandate to
implement the convention at federal level is the responsibility of the Ethiopian Wildlife
Protection and Development Organization.
The assessment of SEIA for the proposed water supply project has been conducted taking
the National, World Bank and international policies and guidelines in to account.

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA SFPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
4 DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE CONDITION
4.1 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE PROJECT AREA

Hawassa town is situated at the Eastern Shore of Lake Hawassa close to the eastem
fault belt of the main Ethiopian Rift Valley. The town is located on a plain between Lake
Hawassa and Lake Cheleleka with general slope towards Lake Hawassa. The
elevation at the town is 1700 masl and that of the lake is 1680m.a.s.l. The drainage of
the town is towards the lake and the lake has submerged some part of the western side
of the town due to reoccurring rise of the lake level.
The location of the proposed spring source is at the northern edge of the Cheleleka
wetland at the foot slope of Toga Mountain. The altitude of the spring locations varies
between 1701 and 1706masl.
Ambo-Wuha Spring
3O - - --.--- -
-A
Photo 6: Overview of the Proposed Spring Source Area
4.2 CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGY
Hawassa town experiences warm temperature, which varies between 1000C in winter
and 300c in summer. The mean annual precipitation of the town is 956mm. The mean
maximum precipitation in rainy season is about 126mm in the month olf September.
There are daily sunshine hours ranging between 4 hour-s during rainiy season and 9
hours during dry season. The relative humidity varies between 40% and 90% over the
year. The average wind speed is recorded between 0.6m/s and 1.1m/s.
According to the National Meteorological Agency, the annual estimaited PET for the
station at Hawassa is about 1599mm, with minimum of 102mm in the month of July and
maximum of 173mm in December.
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA SPRING
DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
A number of streams and rivers such as kedo, Boga, Afina, Wosha and Werka drain
into Lake Hawassa basin, which covers a surface area of 1360km2.
Based on the precipitation, evapo-transpiration and open-water evaporation data, the
total annual recharge into the Lake Hawassa Basin has been estimated about
103.247MM3. About 38% of the above amount (39, 462, 210m3 or 1250 l/s) recharges
the Cheleleka basin East of Hawassa where drilled wells are situated.
4.3 GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY
The Hawassa basin is a volcano tectonic collapse situated in the central part of the
Main Ethiopian Rift Valley. There are a number of rift system faults oriented with north
and northeast trend along the Lake Hawassa. These faults are expansion faults often
forming step faults. These are mainly dominant to the south and south-west of the lake.
The volcanic collapse structure forms nearly circular structure around Lake Hawassa
basin. This collapse cuts some of the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) fault systems showing
that the collapse has taken place subsequent to the rifting.
Lake Hawassa occupies 100km2 while the Cheleleka wetland coversl2km2. Recent
lacustrine and alluvial deposits, scoria cones, rhyolitic lava flows and associated
ignimbrites, tuffs and volcanic ash form this basin. The rhyolitic lava flows and the
associated ignimbrites and ash belong to the recent rhyolitic volcanic centers and the
scoria cones to the recent plateau basalts. The escarpment and the mountains of the
eastern margin of Lake Hawassa basin is made up of Nazareth Series, which is
composed of ignimbrite, unwilled tuff, ash flow, rhyolitic flow, domes and trachyte. The
Northern, Southwestern and Western margins are made of the Dino Formation, which is
characterized by ignimbrite tuff coarse pumice water lain pyroclastic rocks with rare
intercalation of lacustrine sediments. Either Dino Formation or Nazareth Series
underlies the Hawassa basin deposits.
Around Hawassa, the thickness of above formation is not known. However, according to
Tesfaye Chernet (1982) the thickness of lakes sediment in the lakes region ranges from
40m to more than 200m and an average between 40 to 50m.
Shallow ground water occurs around the lakes springs and marshy area in the
lacustrine deposits. Deep ground water occurs in the underlying fractured acid volcanic
products mainly of ignimbrites, tuffs and rhyolites.
Depth of ground Water range from lm to 100m and its flow in general is towards the
Lake Hawassa. Hawassa and the surrounding areas are rich in small springs and the
ground water. The ground water table around the lake shows that the ground water has
hydraulic continuity with the lake.
The lacustrine deposit forms the largest outcrop in Hawassa basin. It consists of
alternating fine and coarse sediment such as silt, clays, and water lain pyroclastics. But
it is predominantly fine to medium grained and the yield of wells is often between 1-8 I/s.
The pumped well results show that the transmissivity of this aquifer ranges from 46
m2/day to 2080m2/day with geometric mean of 390m2/day. The transrnissivity and
permeability of these sediments is higher where the proportion of coarser sediments is
higher.
The ignimbrites and tuffs underlay the lacustrine deposits. These deposits are often well
fractured due to the rift fault systems. It has low to moderate productivity where the
pumiceous pyroclastics is predominant its yield is very low.
DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE CONDITION 37

PROJECT
Some isolated rhyolitic lava flows, domes and scoria cones are found in Hawassa
basin. Scoria is good aquifer when found extensively, but in Hawassa basin, it has very
limited occurrence close to Textile Factory, east of Hawassa. Therefore, its importance
as aquifer is very limited in spite of its limited extent it was found to be highly permeable
and productive. The well drilled in this formation for Almesh Cheep Wood Factory has
shown a yield of 5.681/s with a draw dawn of only I .3m which indicates high potential
yield of this aauifer.
In general from the lacustrine deposits and the fractured rocks of Hawassa basin well
with yield of 10 I/s and above can be developed.
4.4 SOILS
The soil type of the proposed spring area and the surrounding area of Hawassa is
Eutric Fluvisols. These are soils developed from recent alluvial deposits having a base
saturation (by NH40AC) of 50 percent or more or at least between 20 and 50 cm from
the surface, and which are not calcareous (see fig 3 below). These soils occur on the
lacustrine and fluvio lacustrine plains of Lake Hawassa and Lake Cheleleka. In arid
areas, these soils are saline; but generally, they are good agricultural soils. Laying DCI
pipes and UPVC pipes in this type of soil may not create any risk on the surface of the
pipes.
OROMIYA / XLI YA
|~uti f- lwth5 IS IsJ
I~ -h. n1 / 1
I- Re
E oN
)~' 5b |L
Tyrpe5of Sol % ' .

MOIIOflCOSfl I
El. F l~ W. nprea\no
l wIoihiO
A ,t /
SLdIo 300000
Figure 3: Soil Map of the Project Area
r.- , D
i r ~sk I f)5 TUCr M I I hln I r , v--;
C;E11k
PROJECT
4.5 LAND USE OF THE PROJECT AREA
Land use of the proposed spring source area is mainly grazing. Upstream of the springs
is escarpment with very steep slope and degraded land. The foot slop of the
escarpment is being used for communal grazing, while the immediate downstream of
the springs is wetland mainly covered with papyrus. At the left side of the Ambo-Wuha
spring, there is small-scale irrigation farm using Shayisa and Bele springs.
About 80 % of the water transmission line is proposed to travel through ELFORA Agro-
Industry farmland, while the land use of the proposed service reservoir site is farming,
grazing and settlement area.
Photo 7: Irrigation farm at the left side of thie Ambo spri-ng_(l1eft) and Cheleleka wetland
below the proposed Spring (right)
4.6 FLORA AND FAUNA WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA
4.6.1 Flora
The local communities have degraded due to the vegetation cover of the project area
over grazing and use of fuel wood. The remnant vegetation cover is observed on the
Elv
foot slop of the escarpment at the upstream of the proposed springs. MAain tree species
observed at the foot slop of the escarpment include Acacia Abyssinia, Cordial Africana,
Croton macrostachys and Ficus fast. The downstream area below the eye of the
proposed springs is occupied by a swampy wetland. The plant species dominated at the
swampy area is Papyrus species known as Cyperus papyrus.
Photo 8: Acacia Abyssinia dominant tree species found at the foot of the escarpment
DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
4.6.2 Fauna
According to the local informants and observation made at the project site, the project
area harbours some wildlife species. The escarpment area is serving as habitat for
baboons and monkeys, while the wetland area is inhabited by aquatic life such as
Hippopotamus and various fish species. There are also nocturnal animals like hyena
and porcupine. The area is also very well known for avifauna. Some of the observed
bird species are listed in Table 2.
Table2: List of birds encountered during the site visit
No. Common Name Scientific Name
1 Long tailed Cormorant Phalacrolorax africanus
2 Greater Cormorant Phalacrolorax carbo
3 Grey Heron Ardea Cinerea
4 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
5 Great white egret Casmerodius albus
6 Hamerkop Scopus umbretta
7 Marabou Leptoptilos crumeniferus
8 Hadada Bostrichia hagedash
9 Egyptian goose Alopochen aegyptiacus
10 Southern Pochard Netta erythrophthalma
11 African white backed vulture Cyps africanus
12 Coqui Francolin Francolinus coqui
13 Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula
14 Crowned Plover Varellus coronatus
15 Speckled Pigeon Columba guinea
16 Specked Mousebird Colius striatus
17 Red-billed Hornbill Tockus erythrorhynchus
18 Ground Hornbill Bucorus cafer
19 Blue eared glossy starling Lamprotornis chalybaeus
Source: Eyob Defere Management Consultant 2008, Business Plan Main Report
Based on the number and Variety of birds, the area (Cheleleka Wetland) could be used
as a priority area for the conservation of bird life and development of ecotourism. The
presence of hot and cold springs in addition to availability of hippopotamus and variety
of waterfowls added aesthetic value to the area.
Based on the discussion made with the SNNPRS tourism office, no effort has been
made so far to conserve this rich fauna and waterfowl habitat. As it was observed
during the field visit, the Cheleleka wetland is shrinking due to the expansion of farm. If
integrated wetland management will not implemented within a short period, the survival
of the wetland and its ecosystem would be in danger.

PROJECT
--r-
Photo 9: Degraded area at the upstream of the Ambowuha spring which

requires
conservation work
4,7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF HAWASSA TOWN
Since Hawassa is the capital city of SNNPRS, and it is the centre of business
tourist attraction, its social and economic development is increasing firom time and
to time.
Number of people from other areas of the country and foreign tourists are attracted and
flow to the town to pay visit and undertake different businesses.
The increasing number of population of Hawassa town and its on-going social and
economic activities are among the major areas of issues to be considered in
preparation of detail water supply design for the town population. the
4.7.1 Population
According the population census result of 2007, the total population of Hawassa town
was 259,803. Out of the total population 133,637 were males and 126,166 were
females (see Table 3). The City is showing rapid development and growth in all social,
economic, political and cultural spheres since the last 14 years. Moreover, the
remarkable investment works in industries, housing, education, access roads, touristy
resorts and other marketing infrastructures and services coupled with migration from
rural and the nearby town centres, the opening of Hawassa University, commissioning
of several large scale factories and more other under constructions have contributed for
high population growth which consequently increases the water demand of the town.
For water demand analysis, total population of 259,803 that was counted by CSA
in
2007 for Hawassa city could be taken as a base year population; and growth rate
5.03%, which is fixed by the World Bank assessment for Hawassa town, could of
utilized. The population projection presented in design report seems underestimate be
the
population since it was based on the 1994 Census result instead of using CSA census
result of 2007. Therefore. projected population for the Hawassa town based on the
2007 CSA Census and 5.03 % growth rate is computed and presented in Table 3 and
below. 4
Table 3: Hawassa city Ppulation's census result, 2007

Category Male Female Total
Urban population 81,984 77,029 159,013
Rural population 516,53 49,137 100,.790
Total 133,637 126,166 259,803
Source: CSA. 2008 Report
- -l
r.=r=X-:r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,r ^-Tf/.~................. =Ê:.::
PROJECT
Table 4 shows the projected population of Hawassa Town for the year 2007
up to 2020
using the growth rate of 5.03% and 2007CSA base year population of 259,803.
indicated the estimated population of the town for the year 2010 and 2020 As it is
is 301,012
and 491720, respectively.
Table 4: Projected population of Hawassa Town for the year 2007 - 2020
Year Projected Population
2007 259,803
2008 272,871
2009 286,596
2010 301,012
2011 316,153
2012 332,056
2013 348,758
2014 366,301
2015 384,726
2016 404,077
2017 424402
2018 445749
2019 468171
2020 491720
600,000 - PrOjeCtepd pOpUlatiOIQ9f Kawassa town--- -
500,000 -- - - - - - - -- -
0
* 400,000 ---- -- -- _
0.
0. 300,000 -_- -_-_-_l
.y 200,000 ---- ----- --
100,000 - -- - --
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
2018 2019 2020
Year
Figure 4: Projected Population of Hawassa
4.7.2 Economic Conditions
There are intensive investments in hotels and tourism, social services,

development, industries and construction in the town. According to the real state
conducted by Eyob Defere Management Consultant, 73 investment works Business Study
operational, more than 40 are under implementation and more than has become
implementation stages. 248 are in the pre-
DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE CONDITION

42
PROJECT
There are also a number of governmental and private commercial

Insurance companies with measurable services. These Banks and
economic activities
eventually contribute for the flow of people to the town that
could highly increase the
population.
Table 5 Major business activities at Hawassa town

No. Types of Business Activities Total No.
I Taxies 596
2 Hotel 124
3 Bar
33
4 Pension
31
5 Cafeteria 363
6 Ready made clothes 410
7 Garment
141
8 Crops & creels shop 287
9 Mills 46
10 Restaurant
35
11 House And office furniture 310
12 Garage 116
13 Metal welding 123
14 Grocery 83
15 Teiji house 57
16 Electronic shop 138
17 Photo house 56
18 Jewellery shop 26
19 Leather products shop 56
20 Butcher house
12
21 Barbers 265
22 Clinics
81
23 Building materials shops
167
24 Building contractors
163
25 Retail trade
1492
26 Wholesale trade
22
27 Stationeries
148
28 Kindergarten
25
29 Oil station
10
30 Pesticides
23
31 House renters 1346
32 Attorney
86
Source: Eyob Defere Management Consultant 2008, Business
Plan Main Report
4.7.3 Education
Hawassa town is the centre for high-level education and

trainings in the region.
There is one university, three Teachers training institutes,
one
college, one skill Development College and there are a number water technology
institutions, Engineering and other colleges. of private Health
According to Eyob Defere Management Consultancy study,

in 2006, the Hawassa
University accommodated more than 8,059 scholars and
increased to 21,000. in 2010, this figure is

43
PROJECT
The details of student's population in the University and other academic

by grades and their gross ennoblement ratio are tabulated below. institutions
Table 6: Number of students

No. of students
Faculty-
Male Female Total
Agriculture 1411 432 1843
Technology 720 134 854
Natural Since 1223 305 1528
Social science 1830 607 2437
College of health Science 979 294 1273
Referral Hospital 100 24 124
Total 8059
Source: Eyob Defere Management Consultant 2008, Business Plan Main Report
The number of elementary and secondary students in Hawassa

town including
Private and Governmental school in June 2008 and in March 2010
is 57,020 and
92,497 respectively. The detail for the 2010 student population is presented
below:
Table 7: Hawassa City Administration Students' Enrolment
Government and Private
Ownership March 2010
School Level Males Females Total
KG 907 779 1,686
Alternative Basic 376 378 754
Education
Primary 35,116 38,769 73,885
Secondary 9,984 6,188 16,172
Total 46,383 46,114 92,497
Source: Hawassa Town Transitional Administration Education Office, 2010
4.7.4 Health Conditions
According to Hawassa Town Transitional Administration Health Department,

has not faced health problems that are related to poor quality of water the City
distribution system. But due to miss handling and poor storage water born from the
common at household level and this reflected among the top ten diseases. arediseases
collected from the health department has revealed that problem of malaria Data
and
parasites stood third and fourth rank respectively out of the ten top diseases intestinal
in the town. prevailed
Table 8: Ten Top Diseases as registered by Hawassa Citv Health Centre

Rank of Type of Diseases Number of cases
Order
1 URI 4,857
2 Injury/Accidents 3784
3 Malaria 3670
4 Intestinal Parasites 3540

44
PROJECT
Rank of Type of Diseases Number of cases

Order
5 Urinary Tract Infection 2327
6 Peptic Ulcer 1372
7 Bronchitis 1345
8 Skin Infections 1203
9 Gastritis 1194
10 Pneumonia 914
Total 24,206
Source: Hawassa Health Centre, 2009
Based on the 2009 health data, the main health problem of the adult population of the
Hawassa town is malaria followed by intestinal parasites and accidents. On the other
hand, children are affected mainly by upper respiratory infections, gastritis, malaria and
pneumonia.
4.7.5.Existing Water Supply and Sanitation Service
4.7.5.1 Existing Water Supply Service

The existing water sources for Hawassa town are surface water from Kedo River, Loke
spring and number of Boreholes.
The water supply system of Kedo River was constructed in 1985 to serve the designed
population of 47,120 up to the year 1995. The raw water is being abstracted from the
river which is located 17km south-east of the town and collected in a reinforced
concrete wet well from which it gravitates to the treatment plant through 169m long DN
400mm UPVC pipe.
The treatment plant, which has a capacity of 38.81/s, comprises chemically aided
vertical sedimentation unit, rapid sand filters and balanced chambers. The treated
water directed to the town reservoir through transmission pipeline DCI DN 300mm,
which has a length of 10.959kms. There are two concrete reservoirs each with 500 M3
capacities. The post-chlorination with chlorine solution is being applied at balancing
chamber in the treatment plant and on the top of one of the reservoirs using a drip
system. From these reservoirs, treated water joins the distribution network.
The second source of water for the Hawassa town is Loke spring. It is situated at about
11 km away from the Town. Loke spring has two major eyes. One of the eyes that yield
about 14 I/s has capped and connected to the town's distribution network system. The
spring water pumped to the service reservoir that found at the top of Loke Mountain
with the capacity of 200m 3 and the water gravitates to reach the town's distribution
network system. The second eye of Loke spring has the capacity of 101/s. This spring
has capped by Sidama Zone Water Resource Development Office to serve different
rural Kebeles.
The third source of water for the Hawassa town is from Boreholes. There are eight
wells, which have been drilled under Immediate Rehabilitation and Expansion (IRE)
and Industrial Zone Water Supply Project. Out of these wells, three were abandoned
due to excessive fluoride and high iron content. Nevertheless, five boreholes with better
water quality have been connected to the existing water supply system. Currently about
40.8 I/s is being extracted from all the functional boreholes, which is 44 % of the total
supply of the town.

PROJECT
The existing water production of Hawassa town from all sources is about 92.6 I/s
and
is not enough to cover the actual demand of the town. The actual coverage of waterit
production in 2008 was around 67%. To cover the actual demand, there is a need
to
develop additional sources. Since there is wide gap between water demand
and
supply, additional water amount to 53.4 I/s, 82.4 I/s, 116.4 I/s, 157.4 I/s is required
cover the actual water demand of the town for the year 2009; .2012; 2015 and 2018 to
respectively. The proposed project is part of these efforts particularly proposed
to
satisfy the short-term demand of the town.
4.7.5.2 Sanitation at the Project Area

Since the location of the proposed springs is far from the settlement area, the sanitation
problem that could be associated with improper use of latrines, and open field
defecation will not be significant. Besides, there are no intensive-farming activities in
the immediate upstream. However, livestock population attracted by the springs are
many and could result water contamination with dung and urine. Particularly, the Shallo
spring is a well-known spot for the livestock watering. As a result, water quality
deterioration would be an issue in the future unless appropriate measures taken to
minimize water contamination by livestock manure.
On the other hand, Hawassa town situated at the immediate water shade of Lake
Hawassa is a threat for the lake water quality and its ecosystem. Particularly, un-
treated waste discharge from domestic use and industries is imposing great danger for
the survival of lake and its valuable ecosystem. As the size of town and its population
increases, the impact would be more severe. Now it is time to act against pollution of
the lake and its ecosystem. The most important measure is collecting and treating all
the domestic and industrial wastes and promoting use of septic tanks and proper use of
toilets. It is also equally important to create awareness among the town residents about
the safe use and disposal of liquid and solid wastes.
Constructing and running sewerage treatment plant is therefore homework to be done

properly by the Hawassa Municipality. These days, sewerage treatment becomes
necessary to dispose waste in an environmentally friendly manner. Besides gaining
environmental benefits, waste treatment is a profitable business. Some of the benefits
are:
* It would save the ecosystem of Lake Hawassa from pollution;

* It can be used to generate biogas;
* Treated water can be reused for irrigation and urban beautification; and
* Sludge from the treatment plant can be used as soil conditioner.
These benefits indicate that investment in sewerage treatment and sanitation is profitable
business. It is also important to realize that waste is not waste, but waste is a resource.
4.7.6 Water Quality of the Proposed Springs
Availability of adequate amount of water is not enough without satisfying the required
quality. Therefore, it is essential to conduct water quality analysis to evaluate fitness of
water for the intended purpose. To this end, water samples were taken from Ambo-
Wuha spring, Tunto spring, Shallo spring and from Hot spring situated nearby the
Tunto spring. The collected samples were analyzed in the water quality Laboratory of
the WWDSE & the suitability of water quality for drinking and other domestic purposes

PROJECT
is evaluated based on WHO drinking water quality guideline.

The analytical results are
listed in Table 9.
Table 9: Water Quality Data of the Proposed Springs Vs WHO
Drinking Water Quality
Guidelines
Sample No. 1 2 3 4 WHO Remark
Guideline
Shallo Tunto Ambowu Hot Spring
Spring Spring ha spring near by
(cold) (cold) (cold) Tunto
Water source
Date sample collection Spring
11/3/2010 11/3/201 11/3/2010 11/3/2010
0
Turbidity(NTU) 3 4 4 10 5 NTU Turbidity of the cold springs
is bellow the WHO
maximum acceptable
--- __ ---
_--_hot
guideline value except the
total solids 105 0c (mg/i) spring
134 160 170 740
Total Dissolved solid 105 120 138 150
0 720 <600 mg/I TDS of the hot spring is
c (mg/I)
above the WHO maximum
Electrical conductivity acceptable guideline value
175 197 208 1109
(Ps/cm) Electrical conductivity of the
hot spring is high
pH at 20 °c 6.35 6.68 6.37 7.16 6.5-8.5 pH value of the cold

springs is little acidic and
below the lower limit of the
WHO guideline vale, while
the Ph of the hot spring is
Ammonia NH3 mg/I within the acceptable limit
0.12 0.164 0.15 0.53 Ammonia of the cold springs
is within the usual range of
Na' mg/1) natural waters
25.6 30.5 32. 250 200 mg/l Na concentration of the cold
springs is within the
acceptable limit of the WHO
guideline, while that of the
hot spring is above the
K+1 mg/l) 6.2 acceptable limit
6.4 7.1 15.5
Total hardness (mg/l 38 30.4 38 28.5 500 mg/I Hardness is bellow the
CaCO 3)
++
WHO maximum acceptable
Ca (mg/I) 11.4 9.88
-guideline value
11.4 7.6
Mg+ (mg/I) 2.3 1.38 2.3 2.3
Total Iron (mg/l Fe) 0.07 0.18 0.16 0.19 0.3 mg/l Total Iron is bellow the
WHO maximum acceptable
Manganese (mg/l Mn) TRACE oguideline value
TRACE Trace Trace 0.4 mg/I
Fluoride (mg/i F) 1.29 1.78 1.08 17.2 1.5 mg/I F concentration of the cold
springs is bellow the WHO
maximum acceptable
guideline value, while that of
____ ____ ___ ____ ___allowable
the Hot spring is above the
Chloride (mg/iCl) concentration
1.0 5.96 4.97 49.65 250 mg/l Cl is bellow the WHO
Nirte.g 0_ maximum acceptable
Nitrate (mg/I NO3) 27.7 22.2 26.2
gguideline value
7.08 50 mg/l Nitrate is below the WHO
Alkalinity (mg/I CaCO 3) ____ __
___ ____ __ ___ ___ guideline value
71.4 73.5 73.5 441
HCO 3-(mg/l) 87.11 89.67 89.67 538.02

47
PROJECT
Sample No. 1 2 3 4 WHO Remark

- _- _ - _ Guideline _
Shallo Tunto Ambowu Hot Spring
Spring Spring ha spring near by
(cold) (cold) (cold) Tunto
Water source Spring
Co0 (mg/i NILL NILL NILL NILL
S04-(mg/I) 0.38 1.05 1.71 68.0 400 mg/I S04 is bellow the WHO
maximum acceptable
_guideline value
Phosphate (Mg/I P0 4) 0.113 0.14 C0.16 0.15
Sedimentmg/i-
Source: Water Quality Data Analysis, WWDSE, 2010
Major Cations and Anions of the Proposed Cold springs

16
IA.
E
° 9j -Shal
,3 .8 , - TTUnto
2
O
0
Ca MNg Na K N03 S04 Cl F HC03
Figure 5: Major Cations and Anions of then Proposed Cold Springs

Chemical Composition of Cold and Hot Springs at the
Proposed Project Area
ClA
0~
. 6 - Shall
4 Tunto
0 -ArnbOWL1101
94
0 -
C.l Mg NIt K N03 504 Ci F HC03
Figure 6: Chemical Composition of Cold and Hot Springs at the Proposed Project Area
m=A7LIC CACCI MI$=

PROJECT
The above water quality analysis and interpretation shows that water
from
springs (Ambowuha, Tunto and Shallo springs) is very similar to each other the cold
good and potable. Wile the hot spring varies from the cold springs and and very
it contains high
concentration of fluoride (17 mg/l) Na and HCO , which are by far beyond
3
guideline value. Particularly based on the fluoride the WHO
content the hot spring is not
acceptable for drinking purpose and as a result it is rejected from
the proposal.
Therefore, the discussion made below is focussed on cold springs by excluding
spring. the hot
pH: Although pH usually has no direct impact on consumers, it is one

of the most
important operational water quality parameters. For effective disinfections
with chlorine,
the pH should preferably be less than 8.
The optimum pH required will vary in different supplies according to the
water and the nature of the construction materials used in the distributioncomposition of
system, but it
is often in the range 6.5-8.5.
PH value of the proposed springs varies from 6.35-6.68. As it compared
with WHO
guideline value for drinking water, the pH value of Ambowuha, Shallo springs
below the lower limit, and it is little bit acidic. However, the pH value show
can vary
depending on the sampling season, and to be more certain, it is important
samples at different season. In general, the pH values of the samples are to take
from potability point of view. acceptable
TDS: TDS can have an important effect on the taste of drinking water. The
of water with a TDS level of less than 600 mg/I is generally considered to palatability
be
drinking water becomes increasingly unpalatable at TDS levels greater than good. But
1200 mgA.
However, waters with TDS concentration below 1000 mg/l are usually acceptable.
The TDS concentration of the proposed springs varies from 120 mg/I to 150
mg/I with a
mean value of 136 mg/I. These values of TDS put the water in good and
palatable
range.
Turbidity: Turbidity result of the proposed springs is less than 5 NTU

acceptable and potable without further treatment. which is
Ammonia: The term ammonia includes the non-ionized (NH ) and ionized
3
species. Ammonia in the environment originates from metabolic, (NH4 +)
agricultural and
industrial processes and from disinfection with chloramine. Ammonia contamination
can also arise from cement-mortar pipe linings. Ammonia in water is an indicator
possible sewage and animal waste pollution. of
The ammonia concentration in the water samples taken from the proposed
varies between 0.12 to 0.16 mg/I. This concentration is below the usual range springs
ammonia in spring and surface waters. The usual range of ammonia in surface of
water
sources is below 0.2 mg/I. The low level of Ammonia in the proposed springs indicates
that there is no sewage and industrial pollution at the source area.
Fluoride: The most important source of fluoride in drinking water is naturally

minerals. Long-term ingestion of excessive fluoride via drinking water occurring
primarily
produces effects on skeletal tissues (bones and teeth). In rift valley areas, fluoride
significant cause of morbidity, causing teeth and bone flurosis. However, the is a
Fluoride concentration in the proposed springs is below the WHO guideline value average
drinking water (1.5 mg/I) and acceptable with out any treatment. for

49
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMFPACT ASSESSMENT OF
AMBOWUHA SPRINCG DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
On the other hand, the fluoride concentration of the Hot spring situated nearby the
Tunto spring is 17 mg/l. The presence of such a big difference in fluoride concentration
of these springs located close to each other indicates that their origin is completely
different. From the overall water, quality results it is clear that the cold springs are
recharged at the upstream catchment area beyond the Toga escarpment, while the hot
springs are originated from the deeper aquifer through volcanic process.
Iron: Iron content of the proposed springs varies from 0.07 to 0.18 mg/I, with a mean
value of 0.14mg/l, which is within the acceptable range of the WHO guideline.
Manganese: The manganese concentration of these springs is trace and acceptable

for drinking and domestic purposes.
Hardness: Depending on the interaction of other factors, such as pH and alkalinity,
water with hardness above 200 mg/I may cause scale deposition in the distribution
system and will result in excessive soap consumption and subsequent scum formation.
On the other hand, soft water with a hardness of less than 100 mg/l may have a low
buffer capacity and so be more corrosive for water pipes.
Total hardness: Depending on the interaction of other factors, such as pH
alkalinity, water with hardness above 200 mg/l may cause scale deposition in and
the
distribution system and will result in excessive soap consumption and subsequent
scum formation. On the other hand soft water with a hardness of less than 100 mg/I
may have a low buffer capacity and will be more corrosive for water pipes.
Hardness of the proposed spring's ranges from 30 to 38 mg/l is below 100 mg/l and
not impose scale deposition and scum formation. Rather it may have some corrosive do
effect on pipelines and concrete structures.
Nitrate and Nitrite: Nitrate and nitrite are naturally occurring ions that are part
nitrogen cycle. Nitrate is used mainly in inorganic fertilizers, and sodium nitrite isof the
as a food preservative, especially in cured meats. The nitrate concentrationused
groundwater and surface water is normally low but can reach high levels because in
leaching or runoff from agricultural land or contamination from human or animal wastes of
and oxidation of ammonia.
The primary health concern regarding nitrate and nitrite is the formation
of
methaemoglobinaemia, so-called "blue-baby syndrome." Nitrate is reduced to nitrite
the stomach of infants, and nitrite is able to oxidize haemoglobin to met haemoglobin,in
which is unable to transport oxygen around the body. The reduced oxygen transport
becomes clinically manifest when methaemoglobin concentrations reach 10% or more
of normal haemoglobin concentrations; the condition, called methaemoglobinaemia,
causes cyanosis and, at higher concentrations, asphyxia.
The concentration of nitrate in the proposed springs is relatively high. The nitrate
concentration of the springs varies between 22.24 and 27.7 mg/l. The lowest
concentration of nitrate was found in the Tunto spring, while the highest concentration
was obtained from the Shallo spring. This indicates that the potential source of the
elevated nitrate concentration at the Shallo spring is probably contamination by
livestock faeces. During the site assessment, we found that the Shallo spring is the
main source of water for large number of cattle. Use of fertilizers at the upper
catchment (recharging area) could also be the potential source of nitrate since nitrate
has a potential to penetrate into aquifers. However, when it compared to WHO
water quality guideline, the nitrate concentration is within the acceptable level. drinking

SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES

Available alternatives of water resources for the proposed water supply project have
been analysed for comparisons.
Regarding the water source there are few alternatives. These are:
1. Constructing dams at appropriate location to store surface runoff;

2. Develop ground water and
3. Developing springs.
5.1.1 Constructing Dam

Constructing dam requires availability of running water source and appropriate
topographic condition to construct the dam that can store adequate water. It would
also require construction of treatment plant and waste disposal systems. The
Hawassa Water Supply and Service Enterprise assessed this alternative and found
that no appropriate dam site in the reasonable distance.
5.1.2 Ground water Source
Ground water is available at a reasonable distance. Most proportion of the existing

Hawassa town water supply (44%) is from ground water. However, the problem with
ground water is high content of fluoride. Due to the high concentration of fluoride,
most of the boreholes were abandoned. Therefore, this alternative is not feasible
from the water quality and consumers health point of view. However, in the future the
possibility of blending the ground water with spring water could be possible to reduce
the high content of fluoride.
5.1.3 Developing springs
The Hawassa Water supply Service Enterprise has assessed spring sources within
the reasonable distance and found Ambowuha Springs located at the foot slope of
Toga Mountain. The water quality test results of these springs are good and within
the acceptable limit of WHO Drinking Water Quality Guideline Values. In general,
developing these springs is found to be one of the best alternatives in terms of
quality, environmental impact and development cost.
However, the only problem is quantity. It is difficult to get springs with adequate
discharge to satisfy the water supply demand of the town population. The total
discharge from the three springs named as Ambowuha springs is about 721/s. The
indicated amount of water is not enough to satisfy the water demand of the town and
environmental water requirement. Therefore, the Water supply Service Enterprise
planned to develop other springs in addition to the Ambowuha springs. The
Ambowuha springs has been planned to solve the short-term demand only.
Based on the water quality test result, it is advisable to blend borehole water with the
proposed spring water to increase the quantity of water. Since the average fluoride
concentration of the spring water is less than 1.38 mg/I, blending the ground water
with the spring water until the fluoride concentration of the blend reaches 1.5 mg/l
would be possible.
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
51
PROJECT
6. PROJECT AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS PROFILE
As part of the project SEIA study, a census of project-affected persons and an

inventory of project-affected properties were conducted for the preparation of the
possible mitigation measures and compensation plan for the proposed water supply
project.
The census result revealed that 25 households consists of 229 persons would be
affected due to the construction of water storage tanker, main transmission and
distribution pipeline. 96% of the PAPs are living in Dato Oda'e Kebelle and the main
occupation of the household heads is farming. All the household heads except one
are males. The detail is presented in the Table 10 shown below.
Table 10: List of the p ectaffected PAPs

Household members
No. Household head Household (including household head)
head Male Female Total
1 Melese Mago Male 3 4 7
2 Genesha Da'ata Male 4 5 9
3 Andamo Oticha Male 5 6 11
4 Kedija Wage Female 1 4 5
5 Sukare Hamito Male 6 5 11
6 Gonsa Namato Male 4 4 8
7 Harka Hankamo Male 6 3 9
8 Shanbel Beyene Male 7 6 13
9 Ashoka Tadiso Male 4 4 8
10 Dawit Badgo Male 4 4 8
11 Wote Wonso Male 2 5 7
12 Daneal Chobole Male 4 2 6
13 Tibo Tesisso Male 5 4 9
14 Tiro tesisso Male 4 4 8
15 Getachew Bekele Male 2 2 4
16 Adem Sarmisso Male 4 5 9
17 Ermiyas Magage Male 5 3 8
18 Walana Siaso Male 5 4 9
19 Barisso Darmo Male 6 4 10
20 Dawit Hamaro Male 7 3 10
21 Lansamo Shigo Male 11 8 19
22 Bitra Kema Male 4 3 7
23 Tadesse Dadisso Male 7 5 12
24 Sileshe Teferra Male 5 6 11
25 Abera seyoum Male 4 7 11
Total . 119 110 229
Source: Household survey, 2010
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASIURES 52

SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
7. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASIURES

Implementation of the proposed water supply project is expected to bring a number
of important socio-economic benefits to the Hawassa town. On the contrary, it will
bring some negative socio-environmental impacts. The main potential socio-
environmental impacts and their enhancement or mitigation measures are discussed
below.
7.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS
7.1.1 Increases Water Supply Coverage of the Town
The actual coverage of water production in 2008 was around 67%. The existing
water production of Hawassa town from all sources is about 92.6 I/s and it is not
enough to cover the actual demand of the town. As it is identified, there is wide gap
between water demand and supply and additional water amount to 53.4 I/s, 82.4 I/s,
116.4 Vs, 157.4 I/s is required to cover the actual water demand of the town for the
year 2009; .2012; 2015 and 2018 respectively. Therefore, the proposed water supply
project would significantly contribute to satisfy the short-term demand of the town.
7.1.2 Improves Health and Sanitation Conditions
Due to the severe shortage of the potable water supply, significant number of
residents of the town is being obliged to use unsafe water for drinking and other
domestic purposes. As a result, most of the residents have been exposed for water
born diseases and insanitary condition. The health data from Hawassa town health
centre indicates that most prevalent diseases in the town are intestinal parasites
indicating severe problem of water supply and sanitation. Therefore, the provision of
adequate and quality water will solve the existing water supply problems of the town
and contribute for the improvement of health and sanitation conditions of the town
residents.
7.1.3 Provide Potable water for local communities
Developing the proposed springs will also provide potable water for the communities
residing at the spring source and surrounding areas. The design has incorporated
public water points, cattle troughs and washing basins for the people living at the
proposed spring areas and nearby Kebeles. Construction of four water points,
three
cattle troughs and two washing basins have already started. See Photo 10 below.
-v' .
a.
Photo 10: Construction of cattle trough and public water tap under construction
OiTCVrriAl 1i=J/lDr0k,hArl-k1A1 iDArTC QAkin KAJTICIATVIp K I DAACII

MCC
PROJECT
7.1.4 Creation of access road for local communities

The communities residing at the spring source area and its surroundings
the access road, which was constructed as part of the project component. are using
is very vital to transport agricultural and livestock produces to nearby marketThe road
areas.
7.1.5 Enhances Socio-Economic Developments
An efficient and effective use of water resources of a country is very
crucial for its
socio-economic development. Likewise, the implementation of the proposed
supply project will enable to use the available water resource of the water
efficiently and effectively for the socio-economic development of the project area
town
communities residing at the spring source area and along the proposed transmissionand
pipelines.
7.1.6 Job Opportunities
The implementation of the project will provide some direct and indirect
opportunities for the unemployed local people. The growth of the Hawassa job
town will
depend on the availability of sufficient water supply. If sufficient water
available in the town, different investors would be attracted to the area and supply is
investments and industries would be developed. Consequently, many jobless several
people will get job opportunities. This will eventually help people to generate local
benefits that will support their livelihood. Thus, it will contribute to improve income
the overall
life standard of the people directly or indirectly.
The following proposed Enhancement Measures would scale up the

benefits obtained due to the implementation of the project. These include: expected
* Use available water efficiently and effectively;
* Reduce or avoid wastage of water by conducting timely maintenance of
distribution system and creating awareness among users to economically
use water;
* Allocate enough amount of water for the downstream ecosystem needs
and human use;
* Avoid water quality deterioration and pollution at the source and in the
distribution system;
* Avoid use of persistent and toxic chemicals at the immediate catchment
of the springs;
* Conserve and manage the catchment and recharging areas;
* Give priority of job opportunity for the local people in general and for the
women in particular; and
* Allow communities living at the spring source area to get electric access
through the electric line installed for water pumps of the proposed project
if it is technically feasible and manageable.
7.2 NEGATIVE IMPACTS
The main project components that would affect the public and private properties
assets include construction of Distribution Line, Service Reservoir, Access and
Pump House. Inventory of assets from the source of the spring up to the Road and
system revealed that over all adverse impact of the project is minor and distribution
mitigable/compensable. The impact of distribution line and access road are easily
is minimal
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASIURES

54
SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
and 80% of the same pass through on the land of ELFORA, which currently uses for
grazing. The inventoried public and private properties that would be affected due to
the project implementation are discussed in the following paragraphs.
7.2.1 Private and Organization Owned Houses
Since there are no settlements at the spring source areas and along the main pipe
transmission line, the impact of the proposed project on the residential houses would
be minor. There are only two houses that would be affected by the construction of
service reservoir at Eredo hill.
Mitigation measures
*Provide alternative plot of land for the reconstruction of houses,
* Pay appropriate compensation. According to land expropriation law of the country,
the owners of the affected properties have to get compensation payment. The
payment could be in kind, in cash or the combination of the both. However, for this
particular case, the provision of cash compensation payment before the start of
construction is the best choice for PAPs. The estimated compensation cost has
prepared by taking into consideration the current market price for labour and
house construction materials. Accordingly, the total compensation cost for the
affected houses is estimated to be, Birr 48,624. The detail is shown in Table 11
below.
Table 10: Estimate Compensation for Affected Houses and Utilities
No. Affected Person/ Area inm2 Compensation

Organization Kebele House Type including its In Birr
compound
-y1 Christian community
owned house Dato Oda'e Mud house 1925 44,064
2 Muslim community Dato Oda'e Wood house 716 4,560
___ owned house
- Total- - - - 48,624
Source: Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment of the Project, 2010
P o T o. supe .o..area
Pht 1:Tp fHossstaeda h rpoe evc rsrorae

~,T-A P ATi-TnaAA- A-iId,:
'MA~T
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA
SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
7.2.2 Fences
As shown in Table below, the fences

of three different churches (namely, Catholic
Church, Mekaneyesus Church and Heyiwot
Berehan Church) and six households would
be affected by the construction of the proposed
service reservoir, operator house and
guardhouse.
Mitigation measures
Pay appropriate cash compensation to

replace the impacted fence.
Based on the current market price, the
compensation cost for the project-affected
fences has been estimated to be Birr 20,174
and the detail is presented in Table 12
shown below.
Table 11: Affected Fences and estimated

compensation cost
No. Affected Person/
Organization At compound Compensation
Kebele Fence Tpe area of m2
1 Catholic, Mekaneyesus in Birr
Dato Oda'e 7296
and Heyiwot Berehan 18,830
Wire with wood
Churches owned fences
2 Ato Walana Siaso poles
Dato Oda'e Life fence of 32
Euphorbia 224
tirucalli trees
3 Ato Barisso Darmo Dato Oda'e 32 224
4 Ato Dawit Hamaro Dato Oda'e
5 Ato Lansamo Shigo 32 224
Dato Oda'e 32
6 Ato Bitra Kema Dato Oda'e 224
7 Ato Tadesse Dadisso 32 224
Dato Oda'e 32
Total 224
. . 20,174
Source: Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment
of the Project, 2010
7.2.3 Perennial Trees
There are only two types of perennial tress
Ficus tree and Chat. that would be affected by the project, namely
Mitigation measures
Pay appropriate cash compensation for
project affected trees.
The compensation cost for the loss of perennial
trees has estimated to be Birr 1,075.
Table 12: Affected perennial trees and
No. Affected Person/ estimated compensation cost
Kbl reTp Compensation
_o.Organization_ Kebele Tree Type in Birr
1 Ato Sileshe Tefera Gemeto Gale Ficus tree 750
2 Ato Abers Siyum G/Riketa
Total Chat 325
. . 1075
7.2.4 Water Storage Basin of Hawassa Fibre
Factory
The Hawassa Fibre Factory established
in 1960 has water storage basin on the
400m 2 that is located near to the proposed area of
supplied energy for the factory for the last reservoir area. The water storage has been
fifty years. The Factory pumped out water
from
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
AND MITIGATION MEASIURES 56
OF AMBOWUHA SFPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
Tikurwuha to the storage basin and then the water supplied to the
factory by gravity. The
factory is under the administration of Hawassa Agricultural Development
Currently the water basin is not functioning. However, before removing Enterprise.
basin it is advisable to get permission from the Hawassa Fibre Factory. or affecting the
Photo 12: Water basin of the Hawassa Fibre factory near the
proposed service reservoir's construction area
Mitigation Measure
* Minimize areas required for the service reservoir and ancillary buildlings;
* Construct the service reservoir in such a way that it will not affect
Factory's Water Basin- the Fibre
and
* If removal of the water basini becomes necessary, get permission
from the
Hawassa Agricultural Development Enterprise and pay appropriate compensation.
7.2.5 Crop Land
About 1.84 ha of cropland belongs to twenty-four households would

during the project implementation. Most of the affected croplands will be affected
and Haricot bean. Of the affected households, only one householcd produce Maize
spring water to irrigate an area of 968M2 and produce pepper. This, was using the
plot
located just below Tunto spring, while the rest are located along the water of land is
lines and at the proposed reservoir site. distribution
Mitigation Measures
* Provide alternative land at the nearby area;
*Pay compensation for the investment they made on the land. The
compensation
payment for the affected persons has been estimated based on the
los due to the project construction. annual income
Table 13: Affected Crop Land and Compensation Estimate
No. Holder of the Kebele Area Crop Type
affected crop land Estimratead-
I ahlc
hrh
2L _____
Cost in Birr Total
DaoOae 3600 -Maize 7,560
1 ahlcCuc aaOaeHaricot bean 1,152 8,712
2 Mekaneyesus Church Data Oda'e Maize
-1848
3,880
K_ _ _ _ _ _ _
bean
f3 591
_ _ _ _ _Haricot
Churich Behan 4,471
Data Oda'e - 88 Maize 3,880 4,471
Ch r h _ _ __ _ __ _ _ Haricot bean 591 _ _ _
PROJECT
!No Holder of the Kebele Area Crop Type Estimated

affected crop land -
Cost in Birr o
4 Heyiwot Berehan Dato Oda'e 3294 Maize
i_ 6,917 7,971
Church Haricot bean 1,054
5 Mosque Dato Oda'e 716 Maize 1,504 1,733
! Haricot bean 229
6 Ato Melese Mago Dato Oda'e 374 Maize 785 905
Haricot bean 120
--- Ato Genesha Da'ata Dato Oda'e 442 Maize 928 1069
Haricot bean 141
Kebele Youth Dato Oda'e 2046 Maize 4297 4952
Association -- - Haricot bean 655
9 Ato Andamo Oticha Dato Oda'e 640 Maize 1344 1549
_ _ _
Haricot bean 205
10 Kedija Wage Dato Oda'e 336 Maize 706 814
Haricot bean 108
11 Sukare Hamito Dato Oda'e 112 Maize 235 271
I Haricot bean
12 t Gonsa Namato 36
Dato Oda'e 64 Maize 134 155
1 -
13 Ato Harka Hankamo
Haricot bean - 121
Dato Oda'e 96 Maize 202 233
! I Haricot bean
r14 Shanbel Beyene Dato Oda'e 266 Maize
31
559 644
Haricot bean 85
15 Ato Ashoka Tadiso Datao Oda'e 304 Maize 638 73S
Haricot bean 97
16 Ato Dawit Badgo Dato Oda 'e 315 Maize 662 763
Haricot bean 101
1_f7 Ato Wote Wonso Data Oda'e 208 Maize 437 504
---- Haricot bean 67
18 Ato Daneal Chobole bato Oda'e 133 Maize = 279 322
Haricot bean 43
19 Ato Tibo Tesisso Data Oda'e 28 Maize 59 68
I Haricot bean9_ _
20 AtA Tiro tesisso Data Oda'e 91 Maize 191 220
_-.Haricot -. bean 29-
21 Ata Getachew Bekele Dato Oda'e 45 Maize 96 110
Haricot bean 14
22 Ato Adem Sarmisso Dato Oda'e 627 Maize 1317 1523
Haricot bean 206
[ 23
24
Ato Ermiyas Magage
Ato -an--e
Dato Oda'e
Sh a
24
98
2 Ao sSha-shaKake1ie
968-
Maize
-Haricot bean
Pepper
50
18 ---
58
15,000 15,000
I Total - 18,425 -
Source: Socio-Fnvironmental Impact Assessment of the Project,
- 57,253
2010
Photo 13: Irrigation plot nearby Tunto Spring
LWI-F Fk.Ti A, -xM,i DI, kih A LiZ.h A,IAhDA,-'TC As1A

IT; Ti(-iIkNi
A kAF_ AC,Ii i=C,.
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENl-AL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
PROJECT
7.2.6 Impacts due to the Construction of Water Transmission and

Distribution
Lines
The route of water transmission pipeline has a length of 9.3 km and

it travels through
grazing land, forest and swampy areas across Tikurwuha River. Eighty
percent of the
transmission line (about 7.44 km) is proposed to be passed throulgh the
landholding
of ELFORA Agro Industries Pl C and the remaining 1.86 km that stretches
Tikurwuha up to the proposed reservoir area is planned to be passed from
through
swampy and grazing land under the possession of Hawassa
City Transitional
Administration.
Consultations have been made with the managers of ELFORA Agro Industries
PLC
and JITTU Horticulture PLC concerning the possible impacts of the proposed
water
transmission pipeline on their development activities and the mitigation
measures to
be taken to mitigate the adverse impacts. From the discussion, it was
understood
that both organizations have positive attitudes towards the project implementation
and they have promised to support and cooperate for the implementation
of the
project in every aspect. As it is mentioned above about 80% of the area
which is
required for the transmission pipeline is under the possession of ELFORA
and
currently there are no properties on the ground to be affected by the construction
activity of the water transmission pipeline.
The Hawassa water Supply Service Enterprise has permission from the
owner of the
ELFORA Agro Industries PLC to use the land for the transmission of pipeline
and for
the access road. During the discussion with the manager of ELFORA Agro
Industries
PLC, we have learnt that in their future expansion of farm they will take
precautions
not to affect the transmission pipeline while they are preparing site
design and
implementing development programs in the area. On the other hand,
as it has been
observed during the site visit, the impact of the remaining 1.86 km transmission
pipeline is negligible. This is because most of the transmission pipeline
travels
through wetland and communal grazing land. It is also noted that after the
pipes are
buried, the land would continue serving the same purpose (grazing).
Photo 14: Portion of the proposed water transmission pipeline's area

serving for grazing
The new distribution pipeline having about 2.33 km length stretches from the
service
reservoir to the junction of the existing distribution network will be laid following
the
Master Plan of Hawassa Town. Therefore, there are no expected impacts
that would
be caused by the distribution pipeline.
D-r.a T ;,,1
C E X n -
AA3A w A ,.r. Nii&-;T>K AA'i2.AQi Ir= -.
PROJECT
Tabie 14: Impact of Transmission and Distribution Pipeline

No. Descriptions Length Possible Adverse impact
I
Intensity of
(km) the impact
1 Transmission Pipeline - Loss of grazing land ( 0.6 ha) Minor and
- From the spring source 7.44 along the stretches of the temporary
up to Tikur Wuha River transmission pipeline
- from Tikur Wuha river 1.86 - Loss of grazing and vegetations Minor and
up to the proposed on area of 0.15 ha along the temporary
reservoir area stretches of the transmission
-Pipeline
2 Distribution Pipeline 2.33
-The distribution system will follow No impact
the Master plan of the town and
- would not cause adverse impacts
Source: Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment of the Project, 2010
Mitigation measures
* Properly stockpile the soil removed from the transmission and distribution line for
the reinstating or covering the pipes at later stages;
* Minimize the width of access road; and
* Put appropriate marks to indicate the presence of pipeline under the ground
so
that ELFORA Agro Industries PLC notice and considers the pipeline while
preparing and implementing the field for their activities,
7.2.7 Interest of Local community on the Use of the Proposed Water Source
The main objective of the project is to solve the water problem of the city of Hawassa
the Southern Region and some rural communities of Wondo Wereda of the of
Region located around Ambowuha Spring. The rural communities include Toga, Oromia
Bishan-Guracha, waransa, Kore-Borojota Kebeles and other neighbouring communities. Daleti,
The first intention of the proposed project was to supply water for the people
of Hawassa
city and rural people located nearby the source and along the transmission pipeline
During the first initiation of the project, ShasheKekele, (where the proposed only.
Ambowuha
Spring is located) was under the administration of the Southern Region.
referendum was undertaken and ShasheKekele has became part of the Later on,
administration of
the Oromia Regional State. Consequently, the Wondo Wereda and
Administrations and community members living around the proposed ShasheKekele
changed their mind and developed strong interest and need to use Ambowuha water source
the main water source to alleviate their potable water problem. Accordingly,Spring as
design of the project has been revised to incorporate the needs of the the first
residing at the spring source and its surroundings. communities
The other issue that needs attention is that the people of ShasheKekele
strong interest to get electric access through the electric line installed for Kebele have
the proposed project. Therefore, the responsible office of the Wondo water pumps of
cooperation with the district electric power office need to pay attention Wereda in
to
interests of the people of the project area and solve the existing electrification address the
the community. The water supply and sanitation project office should problem of
also
there is any possibility of sharing power from the electric line and transformer cooperate if
the purpose of water pumping. installed for

60
SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
Mitigation measures
* The proposed water source will not have adequate capacity to fulfil the water
demand of all the people of Wondo Wereda of the Oromia Region. Therefore, the
western Arsi zone water office in collaboration with Wondo Wereda water office
have to involve in finding solution to address the water problems of the people not
covered by the proposed water supply project.
* The design of the proposed project has already considered the interests of the
people residing at the spring source area. However, to gain the trust of the local
people, it is important to give priority for the construction of public taps, cattle
trough and washing basins at and around the proposed spring area before taking
water to Hawassa town so that the local people will feel that it is their project. It is
also important that the client should clearly explain to them that their water
demand has been included in the design and will get adequate water for their
drinking, cattle consumption and washing purposes free of cost.
* During the public consultation, ShasheKekele Kebele people have repeatedly
raised the need for the access to electric light. Therefore, the responsible office of
the Wondo Wereda in cooperation with the district electric power office need to
pay attention to address the interests of the people of the project area and solve
the existing electrification problem of the community.
* The water supply and sanitation project office could also cooperate if there is any
possibility of sharing power from the electric line and transformer installed for the
purpose of water pumping.
7.2.8 Flora
The vegetation cover of the project area has been degraded due to over exploitation
for fuel and construction purposes without any endeavours to conserve or replace
them. The foot slope of the Toga escarpment was densely covered with variety of
tree species years before. However, at present there is no forest except very few
remnant tree species observed at few places.
Since there are no trees at the spring source and at the most part of transmission
and distribution pipeline, the impact of the proposed project on the flora is
insignificant. The only area where few vegetation cover encountered is at Tikurwuha
River. The stretch of the water transmission pipeline travels through this vegetation
area is very small and the amount of land required to lay the pipes will be very small.
Therefore, the overall impact of the proposed project on flora of the area would be
insignificant.
However, planting trees would be very important for the sustainability of the water
resource of the area. Since the foot slope of the Mount Toga and its upper catchment
areas are the main recharging sources for the springs under consideration, planting
trees in these areas would ensure the sustainable recharge of the springs. Trees will
increase ground water recharge through increasing infiltration and controlling surface
flooding and soil erosion.
Mitigation measures
* Plant indigenous tree species such as Acacia Abyssinia, Cordial Africana, Croton
macrostachys and Ficus fast at the foot slop of Toga escarpment;

OF AMBOWUHA SPRINGS DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
*Protect the existing tree species from cutting and using for fuel/ Charcoal;
*Create awareness among the people living in the area about the use of trees
and
conservation of environment;
* Promote local people to plant trees and protect them;
* Promote tree planting to be a culture of people by establishing environmental
at schools and at Kebele levels; clubs
* Introduce other alternative fuel sources like biogas for farmers instead of
using
charcoal and wood; and
* Encourage and support the communities of the project area to have access
to
electric light so that the demand for fuel wood and associated pressure
vegetation cover will be minimized. on
7.2.9 Fauna
In terms of fauna, the proposed project area is relatively rich. Particularly
Cheleleka wetland and Lake Hawassa are home for various species of birds the
aquatic mammals, particularly for Hippopotamus. The wetland is also breeding and
site
for Varity of fish species.
The proposed project being small in size and involving abstraction of very small
amount of water from the springs would not cause significant impact on the wildlife
resource of the area. However, the cumulative impact of other development activities
such as expansion of farmland towards the Cheleleka wetland and abstracting small
springs feeding the wetland for irrigation purpose and expansion of urban areas
towards the lake and wetland areas would significantly affect the ecosystem of the
area.
Mitigation measures
* Stop expansion of farm and settlement towards the Cheleleka wetland;

* Conduct integrated study of the Lake Hawassa and Cheleleka wetland and
prepare integrated Watershed management plan that gives emphases for the
conservation of wild mammals and bird species;
* Delineate Lake Hawassa and Cheleleka wetland area as wildlife conservation
area/ National Park;
* Promote the Cheleleka wetland and Lake Hawassa as bird watching site and
tourist attraction centre; and
* Plant new trees and conserve existing individual trees which are serving as resting
and nesting place for birds
7.2.10 Soil Erosion
Soil is a fundamental element of the environment, which supports a host

communities of living organisms, and is a main medium for agricultural productionof
and other essential biochemical processes. Thus, soil is an indispensable resource
that human, animals and plants exclusively dependant on for their existence.

62
PROJECT
Any construction activities usually aggravate soil erosion

structure, removing vegetation cover from quarry and through destruction of its
roads. Upon removal of the protective cover and destruction borrow areas and access
are prone to water erosion. The degree of soil erosion of its structure, the soils
depends
like inherent characteristics of the soils, slope and intensity on several factors
proportion of the project area has fragile soils like Leptosols of rainfall. A significant
the proposed spring sources and Eutric Fluvisols on the hill slopes above
construction activities at the spring area and along at the spring area. The
distribution pipelines would expose soils for the erosionthe transmission pipeline and
risk.
Besides soil loss through erosion or impairment due to
compaction and damaging of
soil structure, soils can be impacted because of disposal
excavation works. Therefore, appropriate avoidance and of waste materials from
be implemented in order to prevent or minimize soil mitigation measures should
erosion and other adverse
impacts on soils.
Mitigation Measures
* Schedule construction activities involving earthworks

for dry season thereby
reducing soil erosion and sediment loading in down streams;
* Refill the exposed or excavated soil soon after completion
* of works;
Avoid or minimize compaction of soils, limit works
to the imperative area for
construction,
* Plant trees to increase infiltration of runoff into the soil
and
* Keep land clearing and disturbance to absolute minimumreduce surface erosion;
prone areas such as steep and unstable slopes; and particularly in erosion
* Reduce the time surface remain bare following completion
vegetation cover on exposed areas/soils with appropriate of works and establish
as soon as possible. tree and grass species
7.2.11 Rock fall and Landslides
The rocks at the foot slope of the Toga escarpment

weathered type, highly faulted and fractured following near Ambo spring are
the recent tectonic events
and other external forces. Seismic forces are the major
internal forces behaved
to cause tectonism and subsequent faulting and fracturing
are also external forces such as erosion, wind of these units. There
acting on detaching and
transporting the fractures and jointed pyroclastic rocks.
During the site visit, we
observed rock falls and boulders near Ambo spring.
external forces will trigger the down ward movement The above mentioned
fragments commonly called rock fall and would cause of the detached rock
catastrophic loss of life and
destroyed structures to be constructed at the proposed
unless and otherwise protective measures and precautions spring development site
The major structures, which are susceptible for the rock are contemplated.
collection chamber, spring box and the likes. fall include motor house,
Mitigation measure
* Construct retaining wall and gabions at about 126 m

other structures to be constructed such as motor house, to protect the springs and
box, etc from the risk of rock fall; collection chamber, spring
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASIURES 63
SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
* Plant trees at the foot slope of the upper escarpment

erosion and associated rock falls, and to stabilize soil and control
* Remove loosely hanged up boulders located
spring area before the start of construction work.at the immediate upstream of the
7.2.12 Downstream Flow and Environmental

Water Demand
Though the amount of water to be abstracted
from
compared to the total inflow to the downstream the proposed springs is small as it
would be significant. In order to curb the existing wetland area, the cumulative impact
springs and rivers for the use of irrigation. food shortage, farmers are diverting
The cumulative impacts of abstracting
water from these springs for water supply and
inflow to the Cheleleka wetland. The size of irrigation would reduce the amount of
Cheleleka wetland has been shrinking
from time to time. This indicates that the ecosystem
risk. of the Cheleleka wetland is at
As it was observed during the site visit, there

proposed project area, which are feeding the are both hot and cold springs in the
Cheleleka wetland. The function of the
cold springs is dual. They are playing the cooling
fresh water for the local people and wetland and diluting roles besides supplying
the hot springs are saline and too hot to ecosystem. From the water quality test,
discharge from cold springs play cooling and serve the aquatic life. However, the
can survive. Therefore, abstracting cold dilution role so that aquatic organisms
impact in the Cheleleka wetland ecosystem. and fresh springs would have negative
feeder of Lake Hawassa, any impact on Since the Cheleleka wetland is the
affect the ecosystem of Lake Hawassa. the Cheleleka wetland could eventually
The cumulative impact would be more
severe during the dry season since farmers
discharge of some springs naturally reduced abstract more water for irrigation and the
in dry seasons.
However, the design of the proposed water
abstracting water from the springs on the supply project has realized the impact of
environmental flow for the aquatic life. The downstream ecosystem; and allocated
discharge from the four springs including Shaesa design shows that the total amount of
12 I/s is planed for the local community residing Spring is about 80 I/s. Out of which
55 I/s is proposed for Hawassa water supply. around the spring source area and
This makes the total amount of water to
be abstracted for the water supply from all springs
(16.25% of the total flow) is allocated for will be 67 I/s. The remaining 13 I/s
amount is relatively small to satisfy the down the environmental water demand. This
about 20 % is recommended for the downstreamstream ecological demand. Usually
to allow at least 10 % from each spring and demand. Therefore, it is advisable
downstream ecological demand, which makes 100% flow from Shaesa spring for the
below). about 20 % flow (See Table 16
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

AND MITIGATION MEASIURES 64
DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
Table 15: Proposed Quantity of Water for Downstream

Ecosystem and Water
Supply
No. Proposed Total Flow proposed Amount of water
springs discharge for the to be capped for
from each downstream the proposed
springs in I/s ecosystem in I/s water supply in
l/s
1 Ambowuha 57 5.7 51.3
Spring
2 Tunto Spring 5 1 4.0
3 Shallo Spring 10 1.0
Shaesa Spring 9
8 8 0
Total 80 15.7 64.3
% 100 19.6 80.4
Mitigation Measures
*Minimize cumulative impact of water abstraction by controlling further

of rivers and springs flowing into the Cheleleka wetland abstraction
and water supply purposes; for irrigation expansion
* Stop further expansion of farm by ShasheKekele
Kebele farmers towards the
Cheleleka wetland;
* Allow sufficient compensation flow for the downstream
each spring. It is estimated that allocating at least 10 wetland ecosystem from
proposed springs combined with total flow of Shaesa % of flow from each of the
spring and other untapped
springs would minimize the anticipated impact. Particularly
the estimated discharge of 8 I/s would help to satisfy the Shaesa spring with
environmental water demand of the project area. the immediate downstream
* Protect the wetland from further Shrinking by delineating
and Hawassa Lake as national park. the Cheleleka wetland
7.2.13 Sites of Archaeological, Cultural or Religious

Value
According to the information obtained from local authorities
known sites of historical, cultural or religious value at and elders, there are no
along the proposed water transmission and distribution the proposed spring site and
archaeological events are not usually exposed in the pipelines. However, since the
care during the digging and construction activities. surface, it requires maximum
If any sign of archaeological
resources are found during project construction, the contractor
activities and immediately report to the Tourism Development should stop further
Town. Office at Hawassa
Mitigation Measures
* If the construction contractor discovers any Cultural

construction work or in the course of any other fortuitous Heritage in the course
the nearby Woreda Cultural and Tourism development event, should report it to
office;
*Any person who discovered Cultural Heritage should
the concerning body takes appropriate measures; protect and keep it intact until
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASIURES 65
PROJECT
* The responsible Authority should take appropriate measures to examine, take

delivery of, and register the Cultural Heritage as soon as possible after they had
informed;
* Any person who holds permit to conduct construction works and who discovers
Cultural Heritage in the course of construction activities should stop construction
and shall forthwith report it in writing to the concerning Authority.
7.2.14 Ambient Air Quality
Regarding the impacts on ambient air quality, the major effects are expected to
occur during the construction phase. Increase in total suspended particulates
(TSP) emanated from the construction of access roads, water transmission line
and distribution system would be anticipated. However, most of these activities will
take place in areas were there is no settlement and the duration of construction will
be short. Therefore, an overall impact of the project on air quality and dust
pollution would be insignificant.
7.2.15 Noise and Vibration
The construction of the proposed project will not use heavy machineries that could
cause high level of nose. In addition, most of the construction activities will take
place in areas where there is no nose sensitive environment. Therefore, the
proposed project would not cause noise impact on the surrounding communities
and environment.

DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
8. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS
8.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS DURING THE
SEIA PROCESS
Public consultations is useful for gathering
socio-environmental information,
understanding likely impacts, determining community
selecting project alternatives and designing viable and individual preferences,
compensation plans. and sustainable mitigation and
Public consultation in the SEIA process is undertaken

interested and affected parties, solicit their views to disseminate information to
Accordingly, intensive discussions have been made and consult on sensitive issues.
local Authorities, elders and individuals at the with the project affected PAPs,
proposed
outcome of the discussions are presented in the following project area and the
sub sections.
8.2 GOV'S POLICY ON COMMUNITY CONSULTATION
AND PARTICIPATION
Public consultations and community participation are
entrenched in the Constitution
of Ethiopia through Articles 43 and 44.
Article 43 on the Right to Development states that
participate in national development and, in particular, "Nationals have the right to
to be consulted with respect to
policies and projects affecting their community"
Article 44 on Environment Rights states that "All persons

clean and healthy environment" have the right to live in a
The overall objective of the Government is to

formulation and implementation at the local level. Theinvolve communities in policy
ensure the empowerment and participation of the Environmental Policy seeks to
people
all levels in environmental management activities, and and their organisations at
promote understanding of the essential linkage to raise public awareness and
development. between the environment and
8.3 THE CONSULTATION PROCESS
The objectives of the public consultation process were

as follows:
* To identify the attitudes of the project communities
towards the proposed water
supply project and
* To ask the local authorities and residents about
the
the proposed project and how these can be overcome.problems they anticipate from
The consultation process at the design stage
is
consultations are envisaged during the project's an initial consultation. More
phases since the Government and World Bank implementation and operation
encourage community discussions during the through the local administration
projects. implementation of development
The stakeholders for the proposed project were categorized

as follows:
1. Regional level stakeholders - relevant policy and
project implementers;
PUBLIC CONSULTATION
67
SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
2. Authorities of the Wondo Wereda, and

3. Local community in the affected Kebeles and
villages.
The list of persons and organisations involved
Annex 1. in the consultation is; presented in
8.4 METHODOLOGY FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Consultations have been undertaken with community
officials at Kebele and Wereda levels to obtain members and government
the
proposed water supply project. Bedsides, different opinions and attitudes towards the
town and relevant nongovernmental organizations governmental offices in Hawassa
information and to share their feelings about were consulted to collect
project. The minutes of meetings and list of the implementation of the proposed
participants of the consultations is
presented in Annexes 2 and 3 in English and Amharic
Languages.
The consultations took place in co-operation with
and local authorities. The consultation participantsand facilitated by both the Wereda
were selected giving emphasis to
their social status and representative views. Community
in the discussions. The discussions and enquiries elders were also participated
checklist, as described below. made use of an open-ended
* Attitudes towards the project;

* Expected benefits from the project;
* Possible adverse impacts of the project and
manage /ameliorate the negative impacts; and their mitigation measures to
* Participation and cooperation form the people
to support the implementation of
the proposed project.
8.5 CONSULTATION WITH WONDO WEREDA ADMINISTRATION
OFFICIALS
All members of consultation meetings were
discussions and share their views and opinions very interested to participate in the
discussions took place in the office of Wondo on the points of discussions. The
Wereda Administrator. All participants
of the meeting have discussed and forwarded
implementation of the proposed water supply their opinions on the issues of the
project. They discussed in detail about
the expectations of the people from the proposed
impacts and their mitigation measures, the role project, the possible adverse
of the
in the implementation of the project and the attitudes Wereda administration to play
and the people of the Wereda towards the realization of the Wereda Administration
project. of the proposed water supply
All participants of the meeting have mentioned

that the people of the Wereda in
general and particularly the people of neighbouring
around the proposed water source have severe Kebeles located nearby or
that the Oromo Self Help Organization (OSHO) potable water shortage, They said
spring and supply water for communities around has been started developing the
Water Supply Enterprise is also on the process the water source and Hawassa
population from the same source. There to supply water to the town
was agreement between the two
organizations on how to develop and share the
was made before the undertaking of referendumsame water source. This agreement
while the proposed water source
PUBLIC CONSULTATION
68
________PROJECT
area was under the administration of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples'
Regional State (SNNPRS). However, after the referendum, ShasheKekele Kebele
including the proposed spring areas have become under the Federal State of
Oromia.
Consequently, the people of ShasheKekele Kebele, neighbouring Kebeles and the

Wondo Wereda Administration now believe that the proposed springs are the main
source of water for the community residing in and around the proposed spring area.
The Wereda authorities express their feelings that the communities living around the
springs have the right to use the water from these springs. Accordingly, the Wereda
officials reached in a consensus that the Wereda people living with potable water
problems have to be benefited from the proposed water supply project.
7
).
Photo 15: Consu--t ation with Wondo Wereda officials at the office of the Wereda
Administrator
However, the officials confirmed that they are not standing against the arrangements
made to supply water to Hawassa Town from the proposed water source. They felt
that the development of these springs is very vital to improve the water supply
problem of their people and of Hawassa Town if it is properly develoe and fairly
distributed.
Photo 16: Water Problem around Shashemene Town at the upstream

of the Proposed springs
The other issue raised during consultation was the problem of electricity in the
Kebele of ShasheKekele where thie proposed water sour-ce is located. According
the Wereda officials, ShasheKekete Kebele has no electric service. Hence, toif
possible they want to share from the electric line installed for water pumps of the
PUBLIC CONSULTATION 69
SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
proposed water project since the electric line passes along their villages. They
pointed that if technically feasible, the electric transformer proposed to supply energy
for pumping of water could simultaneously serve both the project and ShasheKekele
people- They suggest that the responsible Woreda office in collaboration with district
electricity office should find solution to solve the existing problem of electrification.
8.6 CONSULTATION WITH SHASHE KAKELE KEBELE ADMINISTRATION

OFFICIALS AND COMMUNITY ELDERS
The participants of the meeting were Kebele officials and community elders. Before
the start of the official discussion, the study team briefed the participants about the
proposed water supply project. rhen after, the team requested theim to express their
feelings, anticipated positive and negative impacts and the possible mitigation
measures to avoid the expected adverse impacts.
Participants of the consultation were assigned a chairperson of the Kebele to lead

the discussion and the Kebele secretary to take the minutes of the dliscussion.
Major issues raised by the participants of the meeting were
* Existing water supply problem of the people of ShasheKekele Kebele;

* Prevalence of waterborne diseases in ShasheKekele Kebele, and
* Lack of electricity in the ShasheKekele Kebele.
The participants of the consultation meeting were repeatedly mentioned that

ShasheKekele and other neighbouring Kebeles have severe potable water problems.
According to them, these people have to go long distance to search water for
drinking and watering their cattle. The water at source is poor in quality so that they
are exposed to waterborne diseases. The major prevalent diseases are goitre,
bilharzias and amoebic dysentery.
During the discussion participants explained that the proposed water source for the
Water Supply Project is located in their Kebele administration and it is their
communal asset so that they have full right to use the spring and to be the first
beneficiary. Not only ShasheKekele Kebele but also other neighbouring Kebeles who
have water problem should have opportunity to get water service from the proposed
spring.
7-. -
Photo 17: Consultation with ShasheKekele Kebele officials and comrnunity members
under tree shade
SPRING DEVELOPMENT
Finally, they concluded that they would support the project and participate in its
implementation with full heart if they are sure that they will get the expected benefit
from the project.
The other issue raised by the participants was lack of access to the electric light.
They would be very happy if Hawassa Water Supply Enterprise will cooperate with
the people of ShasheKekele to allow electric access from the electric line laid for the
project water pumps.
Photo 18: Consultation with ShasheKekele Kebele council members inthe Kebele
Administrator office
8.7 CONSULTATIONS WITH COMMUNITY MEMBERS AT THE PROPOSED

SERVICE RESERVOIR AREA
A--
The proposed service reservoir area for the Ambowuha Water Supply Project is
located at Eredo hill of Dato-Odahe Kebele in Abelatula Sub City of Hawassa wih an
area of about 32 ,000M 2 .The landscape of the selected reservoir area is very suitable
to distribute water by gravity system to Hawassa Town. Consultations were made
with some community members of the area to perceive their feiDngs about the
proposed reservoir area.
Photo 19: consultation with residents at the Proposed reservoir site
PROJECT
Itis understood from the discussions that there are only two houses
proposed water reservoir site. Rest of the areas is mainly usinq for qrazinq within the
and small
part of it is cropland utilized to produce maize and haricot bean.
The consulted community members explained that they do not have

problems to
resettle in other selected area if the government make appropriate arrangements
and
pay them appropriate compensations for the loss of properties ahead of
the start of
construction Other possible impacts discussed during consultation were the
problem
of drainage and erosion from the proposed reservoir area. They emphasised
that
these problems should get proper attentions by the concerned bodies
before it
causes damages on croplands and houses.
Photo 20: Discussion with the residents of the proposed reservoir area
8.8 CONSULTATIONS WITH COMMUNITY MEMBERS OF SHIRE BORRORA

KEBELE AND SOME NOMADS
According to the local consulted people, the nomads, the people of Shire Borrora and
other Kebeles located around the proposed water source have severe water
problems. The nomads are at nearby the Shallo spring and the spring is their only
water source for drinking and for their livestock watering. Many other people also
come from the surrounding and far areas to Shallo spring to fetch drinking water,
for
washing clothes and watering their cattle. The consulted people believe that
these
people should be direct beneficiaries of the proposed project. They suggested that
the project should supply them before the water is taken to other areas.
They are worried that water through pipes will not be accessible as freely as
open
spring and will not be easily available all time since it will be locked. T'hey said that
all
people have right to fetch water for drinking, washing clothes and watering
cattle free
of charge from the Shallo spring. They felt that it would not be possible to
use pipe
'water free of charge if their spring water is capped and entered into pipeline.
They
said, "As we observed from the urban areas, water from the taps requires payment
or
service charge. Therefore, we do not want to pay for drinking water, cattle
watering
and washing clothes. We believe that water is blessing from the creator and
it has to
be used freely and communally"
The discussions made with the community members have clearly revealed
that the
area is very rich in livestock population A household could have up to 250
cattle and
every person in the society gives high value for his cattle. No one wilil ever
be happy
to ask about his livestock size. The community elder shown in photo below advised
DRAFT REPORT ON SOCiO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA
SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
that the question of payment for watering cattle and domestic suppily would not bring
nosit'vp responses from the people
i -
..
Photo 21: Consultations with some farmers and nomads around Shallo spring
As the photo below shows, the local people use Shalto spring at same place
for drinking,
washing clothes and cattle watering, and number of cattle is queuing for watering.
There
are no separately arranged places for cattle watering, washing clothes and fetching
water
for drinking. This situation has been exposed people for water born diseases.
i ''
g - k
Photo 22: People use the same spring for drinking, washing clothes and cattle
watering (left) and queuing of cattle for watering (right)
8.9 CONSULTATIONS WITH GOVERNMENTAL AND NONGOVERNMENTAL

OFFICES IN HAWASSA
The Socio-Environmental Impac:t Assessment Team has consulted different

government and nongovernmental organizations. The objectives of consultation are
to discuss on the issues of the project and to identify the possibhl solutions and
mitigations measures for the problems that would be caused due to the project
PU8L!C CONSU TAT!ON 73

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCI0-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA SPRING
DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
construction. All the consulted organizations were very cooperative to share their
concern and information about the project. These organizations include:
a Hawassa Watef Supply and Sewerage Entefprise,

* Southern Region Environmental Protection,
2 Southern Region National Parks and Totfism Development,
* Health Department of Hawassa City Transitional Administration,
Hawassa Agricultural Development Enterprise and H-awassa Kacha Factory,
N
* .11TTlJ Horticultire P C, and
a EL.FORA Agro Industries P L.C
The out come of the discussed are briefly presented below.
i Natural resoFces such as water is publG asset so that it should be developed

and designed for public use by considering the interests of all stakeholders;
a Chelelea swamp afea is gettifg shifnk from time to time due to expansio of
rain fed and irrigated farms, Furthermore, the development of the proposed
spfigs would reduce the flow cf water to the swamp area and would advefsely
affect the wetland ecosystem. Therefore. a conservation strategy should be
designed and implemerted based on detaied enworomenftal studtes of the aFea
to safeguard the Cheleleka swamp area and its environs from degradation and
destruction.
Cieleleka swamp and Rs etwifons is the home fof birds of different species and
different mammals. Besides, the area is very rich in hot springs. Having all these
t@ural endowments and beautiful scenery, the area would be among the best
tourist attraction sites. Therefore. appropriate attentions should be given for the
protection of this valuable but vulnerable environment.
# i. . . L
Photo 23: Head of Land Use and Environmental Protection of the Southern Region
explain the future threat on Cheleleka swamp and Lake Hawassa
jlTTU Horticulture PLC and ELFORA Agro Industries PLC have positive attiudes
towards the implementation of the proposed project. They explained that the higher
mianagement body of their organizations have discussed with the project proponent
about the project and they expressed their interest to cooperate in the implementation
PUBLIC CONSULTA~TION 74
PROJECT
of ipe puoje[i. Duririy consullatiun, it was understood that the area

proposed for tie
transmission pipeline is open and currently serving for grazing (see
Photol 3).
` A
.Z
7FF
1 X ..-
Phloto 24: Office of ELORA Agro Industries P.L.C. (left), Greenhouse

of JITTU
Horticulture P.L.C (right)
810 PROJECT DISCLOSURE

One of the mechanisms to disclose the project is conducting public consultation
with the
nroiect affected people and relevant stakeholders. The public consultation
is part of the
SEiA Study and it should be conducted at various levels of the project
study. Public
consultations at these levels of the study are vital to disclose the type
and nature of the
project to directly affected people and to incorporate the public concerns,
feelings and
advices in the design of the proiect. Proiects designed through such public
participation
will be well recognized by the public and induce the feeling of ownership.
Timely
disclosure of the proiect to the public is also imrortant to empower
communities and
involve them in the project implementation process. This eventually will
rnake the project
sustainable and socially acceptable.
After the completion of the study, the summarized reports of the project
study can be
disclosed to the public through mass media such as radio. television
and newspapers.
The other possible way to publicize the project is putting the report
on MOWR's or
Financer's wave sites. Distributing copies of draft and final reports
to the public relation
offices at the project Weredas could play important role in disclosing
the outcome of the
project to the directly affected communities and Wereda level officials.
As part of the SEIA study, the socio-environmentai impact assessment
team conducted
public consultations and discussions with different stakeholders. During
the discussions.
we iearned that there was n1o clear knowledge about the proposed project
among the local
people. As a result, they were curious to know the detail of the project
and its benefits to
theri. Wtle, we disclosed the project, they become open and expressed
their interests,
fears and expectations in a transparent way. Moreover, we feel
that further discussions
and consultations between Hawassa Water Supply Office and
local communities at the
sprina source would be important to disclose the project and to incorporate
the project implementation. their needs in
PUBLIC ChONSULT,AT!0N1 75
DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING

PLAN
9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
In the context of a project, environmental management
the measures necessary to minimize or offset adverse is concerned with implementation of
impacts. Unless the mitigation and benefit enhancementimpacts and to enhance beneficial
are fully implemented, the prime function of SEIA, measures identified in the SEIA
the project so that overall environmental performance which is to provide a basis for shaping
In order to be effective, environmental management must is enhanced, cannot be achieved.
project management effort at all levels, which itself be fully integrated with the overall
level of quality control, leading to a project whichshould be aimed at providing a high
constructed and functions efficiently throughout its life. has been properly designed and
Both project management and environmental management
shared among several government and non-government responsibilities are normally
executive responsibilities for particular aspects, which organizations, each with specific
stages of project preparation, implementation and subsequentare exercised during the various
In the following section, major environmental management operation and maintenance.
responsible bodies for the execution of these activities and monitoring activities and
are described.
9.1.1 Pre-Construction Phase
Prior to contractor mobilization and the commencement
management will be concerned with four principal groupsof construction work, environmental
of activities:
1. Ensuring that all government and funding agency
requirements and procedures
relating to SEIA are complied with;
2. Solving any water use conflicts if any and incorporating
residing at the proposed spring source area; water demand of the people
3. Preparation of detailed designs which incorporate
specific
minimizing adverse impacts and enhancing beneficial impacts; features aimed at
4. preparation of tender and construction contract
appropriate environmental clauses to allow control documents which contain
construction activities; and of impacts arising from
5. Implementation of land and property acquisition procedures
of compensation if necessary. including the payment
9.1.2 Construction Phase

Most of the project socio-environmental management
carried out during the construction phase, since it is and monitoring activities will be
expected to arise. Management will very largely be at this time that most impacts can be
which may result from the actions of the Contractor, concerned with controlling impacts
construction contract clauses related to protection of the through enforcement of the
components within it. In this respect, it is important to environment as a whole and of the
of construction impacts can only be achieved if recognize that successful mitigation
set out in this SEIA report are properly enforced. the environmental protection measures, as
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING

PLAN
76
ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA SPRINGS DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
Overall primary responsibility for construction supervision

and
therefore for environmental management during construction,contract management, and
construction supervision consultant or the client depending will lie either with the
end, the team of construction supervision consultant on the type of contract. To this
or the client should contain an
environmentalist in order to implement the EMP. He/she
for ensuring that all the site environmental management will have executive responsibility
with promptly and properly. He/she will be responsible and monitoring aspects are dealt
mechanisms for effective environmental management andfor establishing procedures and
these are fully incorporated and integrated with the overallmonitoring and will ensure that
monitoring framework. This aspect will cover matters such construction supervision and
as the development of checklists
of key points which will be monitored on a routine basis
mechanisms for ensuring that appropriate remedial action during construction and reporting
is taken.
During the actual construction period, an environmentalist
should providle advice and
assistance to the Engineer on all aspects of environmental
also be responsible for time to time environmental monitoring management. HIe/she should
period. For the effective implementation of environmental during the construction
plan, He/she is recommended to work in close cooperation management and monitoring
Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Utilization with the Wondo Wereda'
Supply Service Enterprise. Unit and with Hawassa Water
The environmental supervisor of the construction supervision's

submit environmental performance progress reports to the consultant team should
Enterprise and Environmental Protection, Land Administration Hawassa town Water Supply
and
and to Wondo Wereda Environmental Protection, Land administration use Authority of SNNPR
and Use Unit.
9.1.3 Commissioning Phase of the Construction Work
During the commissioning phase, the construction contractor
environment. All the salvages and waste materials from the should clean up the project
construction process should
be cleaned, demolished or dumped in appropriate and authorized
during the construction of water transmission line and capping places. Soils disturbed
reinstated. Temporary campsites if it is used should be structures should be
removed and the compacted
materials should be removed and reinstated so that the land
which were discontinued due to the project. The environmental continues giving services,
up the proper implementation of these activities and check supervisor should follow
that the work as built meets all
the environmental requirements.
9.1.4 Project Operation Phase

Continued enjoyment of the benefits arising from implementation
project will only be achieved if effective routine and periodic of the water supply
activities are in place. Environmental management and environmental management
monitoring
the responsibility of the project proponent. The project proponent in this respect will be
Supply Enterprise) is expected to establish environmental (Hawassa Town Water
unit under its organizational structure to carryout routine and watershed management
management activities along all its water sources. In this environmental and watershed
Hawassa Water Supply Enterprise should include appropriate regard, the manpower of the
quality monitoring experts, environmental and watershed experts such as, water
management experts.
Major environmental management activities to be focused
the project are discussed below. during the operation phase of

PLAN
77
DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
9.1.4.1 Water Quality Management at Source
Water quality is the core issue of the water supply

managed properly so that to keep the quality projects. Therefore, it should be
of water acceptable for consumption.
Management of water quality should focus mainly
on
potential pollutants. The potential pollutants of water prevention of the water source from
of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides from the source under consideration are flux
industries in the watershed, industrial pollution nearby farming areas. As there are no
Therefore, water quality management plan shouldis not an issue for the time being.
inputs and urban and rural domestic waste entering be focused on how to reduce farm
into the water supply system.
Awareness creation should be made for farmers at
the spring recharging areas on how to
use farm inputs like fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides
persistent chemicals, which stay longer in the soil, should efficiently. In addition, use of
farming areas. not be allowed in the upstream
Regarding to sanitation, efforts should be made to

improve waste management at a
household level. Sanitation and hygiene education should
at the proposed spring source areas giving focus on be given for the residents living
waste safely. Promote each household to have their how to collect and dispose domestic
friendly solid and liquid waste disposal systems. own latrines and environmentally
9.1.4.2 Water Quality Management at Transmission

and Distribution System
Because of the nature of the distribution system, which
includes many kilometres of pipe,
storage reservoir, interconnections with household levels,
and chemical contamination exist. In addition, human etc; opportunities for microbial
significantly affect piped water distribution systems activities such as constructions may
contamination. Protection of the distribution system and expose drinking water for
safe drinking water. is therefore essential for providing
Contamination can occur within the distribution system:
* When contaminated water in the subsurface material

surrounding the distribution system enters because and especially nearby sewers
through the effect of a "pressure wave "within the system;of low internal pipe pressure or
* when contaminated water is drawn into the distribution
through backflow resulting from a reduction in system or storage reservoir
line
between contaminated water and the storage or distribution pressure and a physical link
system;
* through open or insecure storage reservoirs and
aqueducts, which are potentially
vulnerable to surface runoff from the land and to attracting
faecal contamination sources; animals and waterfowl as
* through pipe bursts when existing mains are repaired
or replaced or when new water
mains are installed, potentially leading to the introduction
debris into the system; of contaminated soil or
* through leaching of chemicals and heavy metals
from materials such as pipes; and
* Chemicals used in cleaning and disinfection of
distribution systems.
To control these and other unforeseen water quality
system, the following management plans are proposed:issues related to water distribution

PLAN
78
SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
* Maintain a disinfectant residual throughout the

distribution system so that it provides
some protection against contamination and limit
microbial growth problems;
* Ensure that a water distribution system is fully
enclosed, and storage reservoirs are
securely roofed with external drainage to prevent
contamination;
* Prevent stagnation of water in both storage
and distribution system to prevent
microbial growth;
* Use backflow prevention devices; maintain positive
and implement efficient maintenance procedures. pressure throughout the system
It is
security measures be put in place to prevent unauthorized also important that appropriate
with the drinking-water system infrastructure; access to or interference
* Use appropriate disinfecting chemicals;
* undertake timely pipe replacement and maintenance;
* Maintain positive pressure in the distribution system,
and
* Fencing of the spring sources would also help to
reduce water quality pollution from
livestock faces and other animals.
9.1.4.3 Protection of Spring Source and Tree Plantation
Managing and protecting spring source area is crucial

The most important activity to be done to ensure for the sustainability of the springs.
the sustainability of the proposed springs
is tree planting at the catchment area. Planting
Escarpment would play important role in ensuring indigenous trees at the foot slope of Toga
Therefore, tree plantation on the slopes and around last long recharge of the springs.
the environmental management plan. the spring sources would be part of
Conserving existing trees and vegetation within the

resting and nesting area for waterfowls. It will catchment area will also serve as the
biodiversity. Therefore, in order to utilize the again serve as conservation area for
efficiently, tree plantation and managing is above-mentioned values and functions
very important. Tree plantation and
management activity is the responsibility of different
involved are Wondo Wereda's Environmental Protection stakeholders. The main parties to be
Enterprise and ShasheKekele Kebele residents. Unit, Hawassa Water Supply
Major environmental management and monitoring

project and responsibility for implementation are activities at different phases of the
summarized
up of day-to-day activities and coordinating responsibility in Table 16. However, follow
Service Enterprise. is of Hawassa Water supply
Hawassa Town Water Service Enterprise has

40/2002 of the Regional Government as class 1 been re-established by proclamation No
the Hawassa Water Service is organized as an town water service enterprise. At present,
City Administration and supervised by Town autonomous public organization under the
Water Board. The present organizational
chart of the water service was studied and implemented
attached Organizational Structure). However, since September 2005 (See the
their water sources, inclusion of watershed and in order to protect the catchment area of
structure under the operation and maintenance environmental experts in the organization
section would be important.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND

MONITORING PLAN
79
PROJECT
Figure 7: Current Organizational Structure of Hawassa

Water Supply Service
Enterprise
Board
Manager
SecreLarN Admninistr Legal Reform InLernal 0 & N1 service & Finance

ation serxice Oflicer Audit Serv ice inforniatio and
service
n relation Planning
General Personnel Wkater Design & Plan & Bill

SerN ice Section disiributio constructi Budget Preparatio
n Section on n
Plant Account
Operation Section

PLAN
80
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Table 16: Summary of socio-environmental

management Plan (SEMP)
- Identified Socio- Significance, Proposed Mitigation Measures
0. Environmental Extent and Responsible Bod) Time Schedule Cost
uo fIt Impacts Nature of for for Estimate
Impacts Implementation Implementation
Loss of two Insignificant Provide plots of land to reconstruct the lost houses
houses and localized and pay appropriate cash compensation based on Hawassa Water Before the start 48,624
from the proposec and the current market price Supply Service of water storage
water storage replaceable Enterprise in reservoir
reservoir site collaboration with construction
Hawassa town
Loss of fences at Insignificant, Pay appropriate compensation based on the current Municipality
o the proposed localized and market price Hawassa Water Before the start 20,174
c water storage replaceable Supply Service of water storage
^
c
reservoir site Enterprise reservoir
.° Impact on the Significant, * Construct the proposed water storage reservoir construction
3 water basin of local and Hawassa Water Before the start No cost
without affecting the existing water basin of the
b fibre Factory irreversible Supply Service of water storage
Fibre Factory;
Enterprise in reservoir
o collaboration with
* Minimize areas required for the service construction
tJ Hawassa Fibre
reservoir and ancillary buildings.
Factory
Loss of crop land Insignificant, * Provide alternative farm land and pay
(1.84 ha) local but Hawassa Water During the 57,253
appropriate compensation in cash that
including 968m 2 permanent Supply Service construction
considers the amount of money invested
of irrigation plot to Enterprise in phase
develop the plot
collaboration with
ShasheKekele
n Degradation of insignificant, Kebele
* Plant indigenous trees and protect them from
j spring recharging reversible and Wondo Wereda During the first 750,000
livestock grazing until the trees survive. Plant
c catchments local Environmental three
about 1,500, 000 trees with in three consecutive
2 Protection and consecutive
years (500,000 trees each year)
Land years of the
Q Administration and project operation
I0 Use office in
Planting trees at the foot slope of the upper
collaboration with phase
*

MONITORING PLAN
81
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
7 Identified Socio- Significance, Proposed Mitigation Measures

O' Environmental Extent and Responsible Body Time Schedule Cost
a. Impacts Nature of for for Estimate
escarpment would also stabilize soil and control

Hawassa Water
erosion and associated rock falls
Supply Service
Enterprise and
ShasheKekele
Kebele
Impact from rock Significant, * Construct retaining wall and gabions (at least
fall and landslides local and could Construction During the Part of the
126 m) to protect the springs and structures
be reversible to contractor through construction
be constructed such as motor house, collection construction
or irreversible the supervision of phase cost
chamber, spring box, etc.
depending on * Remove loosely hanged up boulders from construction
the recipient of the supervisor
immediate upstream of the springs before
the impact the
start of construction work
Water Quality Significant, * Minimize or avoid flux of fertilizers, pesticides
pollution at localized and Rural development Throughout the Part of the
and herbicides from the nearby farming areas;
Source irreversible if it and agriculture operation period routine work
happened * Forbid use of persistent chemicals in the office of Wondo to be done by
recharging areas; Improve domestic spring waste
Wereda in regular budge
management at a household level through collaboration with of each
Hawassa Water organization
awareness creation and conducting sanitation
Supply Service
and hygiene education
Enterprise and
ShasheKekele
Kebele
* Fence the spring eye to protect from entrance
of livestock and people Construction Before Part of the
contractor through commissioning construction
the supervision of of the work to be
environmental construction covered by
expert or work the contractor
. _ construction
supervisor

PLAN
82

0 f Environmental Extent and Responsible Body Time Schedule Cost
0 2 Impacts Nature of for for Estimate
Water Quality Significant, * Maintain a disinfectant residual throughout
pollution at localized and the Hawassa Water Throughout the Part of the
distribution system so that it
Transmission and reversible up protect Supply Service operation period routine work
contamination and limit microbial growth;
Distribution on conducting Enterprise through
System of the Water
appropriate Ensure that a water distribution system its water quality or
* supply and
measures enclosed, and storage reservoirs are is fully environmental
sewerage
roofed with external drainage to securely expert Enterprise
prevent
contamination;
* Prevent stagnation of water in both
o storage
.0 and distribution system to prevent microbial
growth;
Q
O * Use backflow prevention devices;
maintain
positive pressure throughout the system
and
implement efficient maintenance procedures.
a Involve appropriate security measures
prevent unauthorized access to or interference to
with the drinking-water system infrastructure;
* undertake timely pipe replacement
and
maintenance;
Impact on Insignificant * Minimize cumulative impact of water Hawassa Water
Downstream and local; but Throughout the No cost
abstraction by controlling further abstraction
Flow and the cumulative of Supply Service operation period required
rivers and springs flowing into the Cheleleka
Environmental impact would Enterprise through
o wetland;
Water Demand be significant, its environmental
: 0 particularly the * Allow sufficient compensation flow for expert
impact from downstream wetland ecosystem/environmental
o Q upstream
0 flow (at least 20% of the natural flow);
irrigation * Provide cattle troughs and public water
farms will points
at the spring site and nearby villages to
reduce flow satisfy
the water demand of the people and livestock
. ._.
MONITORING PLAN
83
j w J 4 *a
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

0 Environmental Extent and Responsible Body Time Schedule Cost
°E Impacts Nature of for for Estimate
Implementation Implementation
Impacts
into wetland residing at the spring source and downstream
areas.
Water shortage Significant, * Solve the water shortage problem of the

problem and local and Wondo Wereda As soon as N.A
Wondo Wereda through identification and
increased water reversible implementation of other water supply projects water supply office possible
demand through in collaboration witt
implementatio western Arsi zone
of other water water office,
supply projects Oromia regional
water bureau and
Ministry of Water
Resources
* Consider the water demand and interests of
the people residing at the spring source in Hawassa Water During the No additional
the Supply Service design and
design and implementation of the proposed cost required
Enterprise in construction
project
collaboration with
OSHO
* Clearly explain to the source community that
their water demand has been included in the Hawassa Water During the No additional
Supply Service design and cost required
design and they will get adequate water for
Enterprise construction
their drinking, cattle consumption and washing
purposes free of cost.
Socio-Environmental Impact Mitigation, Compensation

and Management Cost
876,051

PLAN
84
9.2 SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
In order to facilitate effective monitoring,

it
indicators those could be measured easily is essential to identify feasible socio-environmental
possible with limited cost and time. To and indicate socio-environmental changes
this effect, indicators for socio-environmental as fast as
are identified and monitoring mechanisms monitoring
are designed. The summary of socio-environmental
monitoring plan is given in Table 18.

MONITORING PLAN
85
Table 17: Socio-Environmental Monitorinq

Phase of the Potential Plan
Proposed Indicators/ Unit
project Adverse Mitigation Location/Project Frequency Responsibility Cost
Parameters Component
Impacts Measures to be for Monitoring Estimate
Construction Loss of Monitored
Proper Compliant Number of
Phase houses and implementation At water storage Once during A representative
from the Complaints reservoir 1300
fences from of affected the from Hawassa (*daily
the water compensation construction construction municipality in
people area allowance
storage for the PAPs phase collaboration for two
reservoir and provision with Hawassa persons for
construction of alternative Water Supply one day
area plots for Service including a
reconstruction Enterprise **car rent
of houses and ***fuel
Construction cost)
Land use loss Minimize land Area of
Phase due to land Area in ha At Tunto Spring Twice
use loss and affected land and amount Wondo 2600 (daily
requirement pay area (during the Wereda
use and in Birr allowance
for spring appropriate amount of construction Environmental for two
capping and compensation compensation and after the protection experts for
construction and alternative paid completion Land two days,
of ancillary land for the of the Administration car rent
buildings PAPs. construction and Use Office and fuel
in collaboration cost)
with Hawassa
Water Supply
Service
Construction Pollution of Conservation enterprise
Phase Water quality Total At the spring
water quality of water parameters Three times Hawassa 4500 (for
at spring count/ml, sources (Before the
resources such as Mg/l or pg/I Water Supply analyzing 3
source quality by Faecal Coli start of Service water
or visual construction,
abstaining forms, EC, inspection Enterprise in samples
from dumping pH, TDS, during the collaboration three times
any waste into Turbidity, construction with Wondo each at the
water bodies nutrients and after the Wereda Water rate of 500
(NO3 , P0 4 ), completion Development, Birr per
etc of Wondo sample)
construction Wereda Health
._________
_ -__ -__ Office, Water
.and
Mining
MONITORING PLAN
86
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Phase of the Potential Proposed

project Indicators/ Unit Location/Project Frequency
Adverse Mitigation Parameters Responsibility Cost
Impacts Measures Component for Monitoring
to be Estimate
Monitored
Office of
SNNPR and
Health
Department of
Construction increase of Reducing soil Hawassa town
Area exposed Visual Hill sides and
Phase soil erosion at erosion by Twice (at Hawassa
for erosion observation 2600 (daily
construction steep slopes, construction Water Supply
applying soil allowance
area Water phase and at Service
erosion for two
transmission completion enterprise in
prevention experts for
line, etc of collaboration
measures such two days,
as tree construction) with Wondo car rent
planting, re- Wereda and fuel
grassing cut EPLAUO cost)
slopes,
reinstating the
exposed soils.
Operation Pollution of Conservation
Phase Water quality Total At the spring
water quality of water parameters Three times Hawassa 4500 (for
counVml, sources, at (Before the
at spring resources such as Water Supply analyzing 3
source and at Mg/I or pg/l Water storage start of
quality by Faecal Coli Service water
or visual reservoir and at construction,
transmission abstaining forms, EC, Enterprise in samples
and inspection the distribution during the
from dumping pH, TDS, collaboration three times
distribution system construction with Wrendo
any waste into Turbidity, each at the
system water bodies nutrients and after the Wereda Water rate of 500
completion Development, Birr per
(NO3 , P0 4),
etc of Wondo sample)
construction) Wereda Health
and as many Office, Water
as it requires and Mining
during the Office of
operation SNNPR and
phase Health
Department of
Operation Increase of Reducing soil Hawassa town
Phase Area exposed Visual Hill sides and
soil erosion erosion at the for erosion Twice Hawassa 2600 (daily
observation steep slopes annually j Water Supply allowance
PLAN
87
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Phase of the Potential Proposed

project Indicators/ Unit Location/Project Frequency
Adverse Mitigation Parameters Responsibility Cost
Impacts Component for Monitoring
Measures to be Estimate
Monitored
water shed by .
applying soil Service for two

erosion enterprise in experts for
prevention collaboration two days,
measures such with Wondo car rent
as tree Wereda and fuel
planting, re- EPLAUO cost)
grassing cut
slopes and
constructing
terraces
Operation Degradation Plant
Phase Number of Number At the foot slope
of watershed indigenous indigenous Twice Hawassa 2600 (daily
and loss of of toga annually Water Supply
tree species trees planted allowance
indigenous escarpment Service
and protect and survived for two
trees them from (upper enterprise in
catchment of experts for
animals and collaboration two days,
people the proposed with Wondo
spring area) car rent
Wereda and fuel
Operation Impact on Allow sufficient EPLAUO
Amount of [/s or % of cost)
Phase downstream flow from each Below the Twice Wondo
flow released the original capping Part of
flow and spring for the to annually Wereda their
flow structure of (during wet
ecosystem downstream downstream Environmental routine job
environmental each spring and dry protection to be done
need seasons) Land by regular
Administration budget of
and Use Office each office
in collaboration
with Hawassa
Water Supply
-_ Service
Total Socio-environmental monitoring Enterprise
cost
* Daily allowance per person=100
birr/day, * Car Rent including fuel 20,700
= 1000 birr/day

PLAN
88
9.3 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING
Since the size and potential impacts

of the project is small, it would not
training or capacity building activities. be required formal
Nevertheless, short term training which
of awareness among the farmers residing aimed at creation
in the watershed of the proposed springs
upstream of Cheleleka wetland would and at
be necessary. The training could
introducing the importance of the wetland be centred on
and vegetation cover for the proper functioning
sustainability of the ecosystem. and
Emphases should be given to the
interrelationships between nature and interactions and
human. The role of wetland on maintaining
macroclimate and hydrologic cycle the micro and
of the area
environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity and the possible consequences of the
should also be addressed.
The target trainees should be junior watershed
or environmental experts from the Hawassa
Water supply service, representatives
of farmers from ShasheKekele Kebele
extension workers from Wondo Wereda. and agriculture
Total number of participants could not
30. be more than
The training could be provided by socio-environmental

Protection Land Administration and Use consultants or by the Environmental
Office of the SNNPRS for three days.
training could be at office and at field The venue of
and generally, an informal approach could
the training sessions, in order to promote be adapted to
interaction between trainees and trainers,
particular to facilitate free and open exchange and in
and discussion of ideas. The cost estimated
the proposed training is listed in Table for
19.
Concerning the capacity of the Hawassa
Water Supply Service Enterprise, the
manpower is more or less sufficient to existing
carry out the duties and responsibilities
However, including a watershed expert of the enterprise.
and environmentalist in the organization's
under the Operation and Maintenance manpower
Section would be essential to protect
their water sources from degradation and the watershed of
pollution.
Table 18: Cost Estimate for the Proposed
Training
No. Item Quantity Unit rate Number of Amount

days in Birr
1 Fee for environmental 1 3000 3
specialist 9000
2 Vehicle hire including fuel 2 1000 3
3 Per diem for trainees 6000
30 100 3
4 Course materials 9000
Lump sum
Sub total 2000
26,000

MONITORING PLAN 89
9.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION, MANAGEMENT,

TRAINING COST MONITORING AND
The environmental mitigation, management,

922,751 Birr. The cost estimates in monitoring and training cost estimated
Table 20 below are based on the following to be about
assumptions.
* The costs of mitigation measures
to be implemented by the Contractor
construction are considered as included during
in his obligations under the construction
contract. This applies to such measures
as construction of retaining vvall, reinstating
affected or exposed soils, cleaning
of construction area after the completion of
construction, etc. of
* Some of the management and monitoring
activities to be implemented by the
government organizations are considered local
as part of their routine jobs. For example,
monitoring of environmental pollution
and land degradation is the responsibility
Wereda Environmental Protection Land of
Administration and Use Office (EPLAUO)
as managing of urban waste is the responsibility where
of Hawassa Town Municipality, etc.
* Water quality monitoring and watershed
management are part of the operation
activities to be carried out by the phase
Hawassa town water supply Service
cooperation with Wondo EPLAUO using Enterprise in
their regular budget.
Table 19: summary of Estimated Cost

Monitoring and training for Environmental Mitigation, Management,
No. Description
Reference Total cost
1 Socio-Environmentai mitigation,
compensation and management cost Table 16 876,051
2 Socio-environmental monitoring cost

Table 17 20,700
3 Training cost
Table 18 26,000
Total cost
922,751

MONITORING PLAN 90
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
10. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
10.1 CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of this socio-environmental

the proposed water supply project would impact assessment, implementation of
environmental impacts. The main potential result in a number of positive socio-
benefit will be supply of additional and quality
potable water for the Hawassa Town and
communities residing at and around the water
source areas.
The communities residing at the spring source

the access road, which is constructed as part area and its surroundings would also use
of the project component.
Implementation of the project will ensure the
efficient and effective use of water resources
for the socio-economic development of the area.
Realization of the proposed project would

play positive role in attracting various
investments to Hawassa town and create job
opportunities to the jobless people.
Conversely, the construction and operation

adverse environmental and social impacts. of the project would result in few localized
The
dislocation of few houses by the construction major adverse impacts are land take and
buildings. Other adverse impacts expected of water storage reservoir and ancillary
during the construction and operation phases
include soil erosion, reduction of downstream
flows, and shrinkage of Cheleleka wetland.
Since the size of the project and its components
existing natural environment would be insignificant.are so small, the overall impact on the
are mitigable and manageable. However, Most of the identified adverse impacts
cumulative impact of the development activities
taking place in the upper catchments of
the proposed springs could cause significant
adverse impacts on the Cheleleka wetland
and eventually on the ecosystem of Lake
Hawassa.
The other identified social impact is fear of water

the spring source and its surroundings. However, shortage by the communities residing at
taking the water demand and interest of
the communities into account, the project office
revised the first design to incorporate the
water demand of the communities and their
livestock. The construction of public taps,
cattle troughs and washing basins are already
underway.
10.2 10.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
* Properly implement the proposed socio-environmental

plan. mitigation and management
* Give priority for the construction of public taps,
cattle troughs and washing basins for
the communities residing at the spring source
and its surroundings so that trust of the
communities would be gained.
* Wondo Wereda Water Office in collaboration
with Water Bureau of Western Arsi Zone
and Oromiya Regional Water Bureau should
identify and propose other water sources
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
91
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
for the water scarce Kebeles of the Wondo Wereda

to
demand of the people residing far from the proposed solve the existing potable water
spring sources.
* To develop and use the proposed water
source safely and sustainably, the project
proponent should conduct further discussions with
the officials of Western Arsi Zone,
Wondo Wereda and local communities.
* Both SNNPR and Oromiya Regional States
need to conduct integrated watershed
management study focusing on the conservation
of Cheleleka wetland and Hawassa
Lake and to identify cumulative impacts of the
activities taking place in the upper
catchments;
* Delineate and manage Cheleleka wetland and
Lake Hawassa as national park and
promote development of ecotourism;
* Allow at least 10% of original water flow from
the proposed springs and about 81/s
from the Shaesa spring for the maintenance
of the downstream ecosystem or
environmental flow.
* Plant indigenous tree species at the foot slope
of Toga Escarpment and protect them
from any damage by livestock and human;
* Finally, it is recommended that the commitments
and cooperation of the key
stakeholders including the Wondo Wereda Environmental
Administration, Wereda and Kebele Administrations, Protection and Land Use
Wereda Agriculture and Rural
Development Offices, Hawassa Town Water Supply
Service Enterprise Offices are
vital to implement the mitigation measures specified
in the EMP
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
92
OF AMBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
REFERENCES
1. A proclamation provided for the Establishment of Environmental

Protection Organs.
Proclamation No. 295/2002, Federal Negarit Gazeta;
2. Ambowuha Spring Water Source Development Design,
Hawassa water Supply Service
Enterprise, 2008;
3. Business plan for Hawassa Water Supply Service; Volume
1; Eyob Defar Management
Consultant, 2008;
4. Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines Document,
EPA, July 2000;
5. Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation, Proclamation
No. 300/2002. Federal
Negarit Gazeta;
6. Ethiopia: National Report on Environment and Development,
A Report prepared for the
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. January 1992;
7. Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Organization, Wildlife Conservation
Sheet. 1990; Areas Summary
8. Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea, Volume 7 - Poaceae (Gramineae),
Editors; Inga Hedberg & Sue Edwards; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Uppsala,By Sylvia Phillips
9. Flora of Ethiopia, Volume 3 - Pittosporaceae to Araliaceae, Sweden, 1995;
Editors: Inga Hedberg &
Sue Edwards, Addis Ababa & Asmara, Ethiopia; Uppsala, Sweden,
10. Potential Resources of the Region and Development 1989;
Bottlenecks, SNNPR, March
2006/07, Amharic Version).
11. Some Threatened Endemic Plants of Ethiopia, Ensermu Kelbessa,
Sebsebe Demissew,
Zerihun Woldu and Sue Edwards. In: Botany 2000: East and
Central Africa. NAPRECA
Monograph 2: 35-52, 1992;
12. Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and
Housing Census, Population
Census Commission, 2008;
13. The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia. Volume II, Federal
Policy on Natural Resources
and the Environment, EPA, 1996;
14. The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (part of the Conservation
Strategy of Ethiopia,
1989);
15. Useful Trees and Shrubs for Ethiopia, Identification, Propagation
Agricultural and Pastoral Communities, Azene Bekele-Tesemma, and Management for
16. World Bank Involuntary Resettlement Policies (OP4.12 December et al, 1993;
17. World Bank Operational Policy 4.01, (March 2007) 2001)
REFERENCES
93
ANNEXES
ANNEX 1 LIST OF CONSULTED PERSONS and ORGANIZATIONS
1. Ato Abdi Nuri, Head of Wondo Wereda OPDO Office;

2. Ato Nuri Nigussie, Wondo Wereda Council Office;
3. Ato Mitiku Kum, Head of Wondo Wereda Revenue Office;
4. Ato Getu Kuriye, Head of Wondo Wereda Finance and Economic Development
Office;
5. Ato Eliyas Gatile, Wondo Wereda Land Use Administration and Environmental
Protection;
6. Ato Kasim Kakabo, Head of Wondo Wereda Health Office;
7. W/Ro Desta Merke, Head of Wereda Women and Children Affaires
Office;
8. Ato Demisse Denbe, Wereda Agriculture and Rural Development Coordinator;
9. Ato Chala Leta, Deputy Head of Wereda Capacity Building Office;
10. Ato Abure Tume, Vice Chair Person of ShasheKekele Kebele;
11. Ato Gemega Egentu Kebele Justice and Security;
12. Ato Zekariyas Lamre Kebele Council Member;
13. Ato Weyasso Gelamo Kebele Council Member;
14. Ato Shuma Shumulo Kebele Spoken Person;
15. Ato Tesfaye Kasa Office of Agriculture;
16. Ato Ayano Bule School Director;
17. Ato Abebe Bedaso Chair Person of Public Court;
18. At Fayissa Hamu Wondo Wereda;
19. Ato Mitiku Kumalo Head of Wondo Wereda Revenue Office;
20. Ato Zergaw Tafesse Wondo Wereda;
21. Ato Teru Tesisso, Resident of the Proposed Reservoir Area;
22. Ato Tadesse Debisso, Resident of the Proposed Reservoir Area;
23. W/Ro Alemitu Lengiso, Resident Of The Proposed Reservoir Area;
24. Ato Bariso Darimo, Resident Of The Proposed Reservoir Area;
25. Ato Dule Genemo, Chair Person Of Shire Borrora Kebele;
26. Ato Gossie Genemo, Shire Borrora Kebele Resident;
27. Ato Kedirro Nure, Spoken Person Of Shire Borrora Kebele;
28. At Mohamed Gossie, Student And Resident Of Shire Borrora Kebele;
29. Ato Kemal Negu, Human Resource Manager Of JITTU Horticulture
PLC;
30. Ato Seyum Haile Georgis, ELFORA Manager Hawassa Site;
31. Ato Hagossa Abate, Land Use And Environmental Protection Of The
Southern Region;
32. Ato Tessema Abebe Esayas, Data Collection And Dissemination,
Coordinator Of
Education;
33. Ato Hayato Borgo, Community Elder Of Shire Borrora Kebele;
34. Ato Gudeta Waritu, Shire Borrora Kebele Resident;
35. Ato Tesfaye Asefa, Senior Environmental Health Professional, Hawassa
City
Transitional Administration;
36. Ato Bitew Admasu, Hawassa Agricultural Development Enterprise.
ANNEXES
94
ANNEX 2 WEREDA LEVEL FOCUS GROUP MEETINGS AND CONSUITATIONS
2.1 Consultation with Wondo Wereda Officials (English Version)
Were:d:a] Wondo Wereda Administration

Date March 09, 2010
Venue IWondo Wereda Administration Office
No. Name of participants Occupation

I Ato Abdi Nuri Head of Wereda OPDO Office
2 Ato Nuri Nigussie Wereda Council Office
3 Ato Mitiku Kumallo Head of Wereda Revenue Office
Head of Wereda Finance and Economic
4 Ato Getu Kuriye Development Office
Ato Eliyas Gatille Head of Wereda Land Use Administration
and Environmental Protection
6 Ato Kasim Kakabo Head of Wereda Health Office
7 W/ro Desta Merke Head of Wereda Women and Children
Affaires Office
- AWereda Agriculture and Rural Development
8 Ato Demisse Den be Coordinator
9 ADeputy Head of Wereda Capacity Building
9 Ato Challa Leta Office
10 Ato Temesgen Yimer Sociologist from the Consultants
11 Ato Zeleke Chafamo Environmentalist from the Consultants
Agenda
The agenda of discussions were:
1. Possible project adverse impacts;

2. Measures Proposed for managing/ ameliorating the negative impacts;
3. Attitudes of the Wereda Administration and the people reside in
the area towards the
proposed project; and
4. Level of participation and contribution for the implementation of
the proposed water
supply project
Possible project adverse impacts
We knew that before the ShasheKekele Kebele Administration of

the Southern Nation,
Nationalities and Peoples' Regional State had become part of the Oromia
Regional State by
due process of referendum, the Ambowuha spring was proposed
to supply for Hawassa
town and for only three or four Kebeles situated under the Oromia
Region.
However when this decision was taken the local communities were
result, when the source become under the ownership of the Oromianot consulted. As a
referendum, the Oromia Kebeles located around the proposed springs Regional State by
raised question by
ANNEXES
95
saying that our water source should first satisfy our water needs before
it transferred to other
places. By considering these issues, the government decided
to supply water from the
proposed springs to the people of Oromia Kebeles and to take excess
or overflow water to
Hawassa town.
When OSHO started the project, it understood the extent of existing

water problems of the
communities. It is the fact that the proposed project should satisfy the
needs of the Wereda
people. As we know, the proposed spring is the only potential source
of potable water for the
Wereda. Other water sources found in the area are polluted and not
safe for health. People
using water from these unsafe sources are having health problems
such as goitre.
Therefore, we believe that the proposed spring would be the solution
to solve the potable
water shortage and associated health problems.
Kebeles namely Shasha, Gotu, Maado, Shire, Woransa, Entaya and

Bussa of the Wondo
Wereda eagerly expect the proposed spring to solve their water shortage
problems. The
population of the Wereda who have potable water problem estimated
to be 60,000 to 65000.
Therefore, the indicated Kebeles have to be the first beneficiary of the
springs. Particularly
Woransa, Shire-Borara, Maado, Gotu, Onabana and Shashekakale are
the Kebeles situated
at the proposed spring area. In addition, Etaya and Busa Kebeles have
water shortage and
exposed to waterborne disease like goitre. These Kebeles have no other
water sources than
the proposed spring. Moreover, Shashe, Entaya and Bussa have
been suffering from
dysentery due to the use of river runoff. Therefore, if the water from
the proposed spring will
not supply for these indicated communities, the problems would be worsen.
Solutions forwarded for the problems discussed above
OSHO or whoever develops the spring should be clear that the people
residing in the project
area have absolute right to use their resource prior than others.
So far, OSHO and Hawassa Water supply Service Enterprise have not
incorporated in their
design the water demand of other Kebeles other than Woransa. Therefore,
we the Wondo
Wereda Council Members have reached in consensus that all the Kebeles
of the Wereda
who have water problems should be the beneficiaries of the proposed
spring.
Electric Access Problems of ShasheKekele Kebele People
Other issue raised by the local people and appeal to the Woreda officials
is that the electric
line traversed through their villages to the proposed water pump house
did not take into
account the electricity problem of the people. Therefore, it would be
better if there will be a
way to have access to eclectic light from the proposed line by sharing
the cost required to
increase the capacity of the transformer.
Attitudes of Wondo Wereda Administration towards the Project
As discussed above, we the Wereda Council Members believe that

the proposed project
have to fully satisfy the water demand of the people. Because, we
know that the people have
absolute right to use their resources prior than others.
ANNEXES
96
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Participation of Wondo Wereda Administration in the Implementation of the Project
As the Western Arsi Zone is the Principal Authority of area, we inform them to undertake
appropriate cooperation in the following areas:
* Creation of awareness to the local people so that they participate for the success
of the project; and
* Follow up the implementation of the project and support the Wereda so that the
people of the project area will be the project beneficiary.
ANNEXES
97
2.2 Consultation with Wondo Wereda Officials - Amharic Version
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ANNEXES
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ANNEXES
101
ANNEX 3 KEBELE LEVEL FOCUS GROUP MEETINGS AND

CONSULTATIONS
3.1 Consultation with Kebele Administration Officials (English Version)
Kebele ShasheKekele Kebele Administration

Date March 11, 2010
Venue ShasheKekele Kebele Administration Office
No. Name of participants Occupation/Representative

1 Ato Abure Tume Vice Chair Person of The Kebele
2 Ato Gemeda Egentu Kebele Justice and Security
3 Ato Zekariyas Lamre Kebele Council Member
4 Ato Weyasso Gelamo Kebele Council Member
5 Ato Shuma Shumulo Kebele Spoken Person
6 Ato Tesfaye Kassa Office of Agriculture
7 Ato Ayano Bulle School Director
8 Ato Abebe Beddaso Chair person of Public Court
9 At Fayissa Hamu Wondo Wereda Council member
10 Ato Mitiku Kumallo Head of Wondo Wereda Revenue Office
11 Ato Zergaw Tafesse Wondo Wereda Council member
12 Ato Temesgen Yimer From the Consultants
13 Ato Zeleke Chafamo From the Consultants
Agenda
Public Discussion on the Ambowuha Project
The Socio-Environmental Consultants assigned by Ministry of

Water Resources to undertake
Socio-Environmental Impact Assessments of the Project, briefed
about the project to the
meeting participants and we discussed based on the above captioned
agenda.
Before the Wondo Administration of the Southern Nation, Nationalities
and Peoples' Regional
State had become part of the Oromia Regional State by due process
of referendum; the Oromia
Self Help Organization (OSHO) in collaboration with Hawassa
Water supply Enterprise had
made agreement to supply water with only four public taps or water
points to our Kebele. They
also decided to take water from the same source for other
Kebeles and Hawassa town.
However, after referendum, we requested Federal, Oromia
Region, Western Arsi Zone
Administration and Wondo Wereda's Water Office to reconsider
and include our water demand
in the project. Because Ambowuha is the communal asset of
our Kebele so that the spring
should supply water for our Kebele (more than 20,000 people)
before it give service to other
areas located outside of our areas. Government authorities have
given us hope that not only our
Kebele but also other neighbouring Kebeles will be beneficiaries
from the spring. Therefore, we
believe that the spring is our asset and we have absolute right to
use it.
Moreover, the Kebeles located from Gotu Onama up to Woranso
and from Entaye up to Busso
have water problems. These Kebeles should get first priority to
use water from the proposed
springs.
ANNEXES
102
Though the Wondo area seems endowed with fertile land and rich in water resources, people
residing in the area have been exposed for water born diseases such as goitre, waterborne
diseases and other related diseases. Due to these diseases, many people have suffered and
lost their life.
The other problem of our Kebele is lack of electricity access. We have heardi from the mass
media that the government is making endeavours to supply electricity to the rural areas. This
makes us very happy. Accordingly, we request all the responsible bodies to create access
to
electricity from the electric line traversed through our Kebele to the water pump house.
To
realize this, we will contribute in the form of labour whenever it is required.
The discussion was windup after the Consultants said that they would forward the issues raised
during the discussion to the concerned bodies.
ANNEXES
103
3.2 Consultation with Shashe Kakele Kebele Officials - Amharic Version
-Jwat4 + -4 'tck&AAtA_C DCktASAŽ

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5Thz\ c?-i§bLAŽ _ i+S< c
ANNEXES
104
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
*-- - /C A t- -A~a --
4 - - -Ll -'-O =-
- . &-' 4 / *ut44 tc9,K.

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>EXES-
ANN?gs
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ANNEXES
105
r3L
n---=- n¶St=- I , ty~ =
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g9{T
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-. -- ~ ~ /•~i~
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ANNEXES
106
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
ANNEX 4 CHECKLIST FOR THE DATA COLLECTION

AND IMPACT IDENTIFICATION OF
THE AMBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
ANNEX 4: CHECKLIST FOR THE DATA COLLECTION

AND IMPACT
IDENTIFICATION OF THE AMBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT
PROJECT
1. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Jescnbc tihe prolect location ar,d its componeins irnfewi lnes

a?3
yt:
t_6c, tt WLThO. ii' B fiAa*
Ja,4
CL,.pP'-jq of2tissYP/:/,j-.if Szq'9I/ rY 1C -r
-M'L --1I-I ", JG"b_1j/ ;.1+ -5 4il 1 7/acnrj,,f .t
of
la"' IteItCAl
-m -
Describe the land fonrialrion. topography and climate ot 1,;,L; Clil' SO,C
[he projecl area?
J %/ 4' ?VAjL1 a4,) ICLtcq tiL'#' l~t.•¾aii.
o 9
v- Q1Si%AA 0- *-n a4vA i.t' &
> hv$h5 ka-i /DCA 30 "
Are there aris en'arorjmTintallv zensilCe areas w,ihin lhe project influence
area?
Yes 10-No a
If yes, list out them

J,
ih. WI- p C eZ, ja G tcJb / / /'
Are there any endernic or !3`tred tree c-pecies'?
Yes 1O No Ith
If yes, isr out them
Are there any protected areas vvilhn the pfro eci influence zone?
1
Yes 12 No wr
If yes, list out them and describe
Are ihere any endemic, erndangered or rare wildlife species in the

polecc area?
Yes 12 No
If yes, list Oul them and describe
ANNEXES
107
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
What are the commonly known wild animals ,n the projecl influence area?
Will *e project ffcct the migratory reule of Ihe lirdlife species'
Is *.here ana se:ere erosion problern wi,th,n e proieCr area?
Yes El No 0t
If yes where and at which location of trie proljectl'
is t ,erc dnj
ricgrraialion oi forevt?
Yes ah NoLG
If yes, where and at which section 01 the area, v OI -
*hat is the estimaled yield from the proposed three springs? - f - 7

-'- f^-t
4/l ZZ,-)q tL.- 7 = J ./
t h7;fjaa
What is the current water use of the proposed spnnqs?
Will the abstraction of the spr,ngs affeci the downstream use of the spririg;?
Yes P' No a
If yes, describe brieily Vr
11Ine saler qu3allyof the springs good andipotable? t '^-' ' ^(t--
Are ihe-re any oltier tributaries Ihal ,.ean coiinpensale the do.wnstrearn flow redujctio)n?
,
LIto-,> ,t,;',,*kX~~4t.-' ',jA )P)'
;7 .hi', Sl Sr Sc,
v.t ~jr1
Yes 7--No El
If yes, describe briefly e

7$ ,L f t a ; f * S; -,A-/!]i'C/ bI k-, A
, } '-t"'f ; Cnrev
z kax S"
ANNEXES
108
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
IL. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURE

Who ar -rIhe project be,nefic.ar,es? - r'exri-e'° b'eŽ 4& '/
e -wvq.--; Sd {ts -eAA4 7'
Will involuniary resetilerneni land acquisition and
project implemenlatlin' r-lIoca:irjn of properties be caused by the
Yes 21(No El
If yes, describe. 'g-
/0
Will Ihe proleci tal,e lamland? '-t *,. 4

3 U .
Yes I No El
If yez hGo.many ha? 47,
#Y 'A- 5
9;j.TLPt ip4/I/ +k/L b4 7
Will the proieci Ilal,e grairg land'

Yes O No ERW, 7< tY8--, -,Rr-h
If yes, how many ha?
lcl& b fFa }ltW
) ( *4e
-. ,,: 1 LC ,+o L.-L. ,V1'
+1p
/--
Are there any hisIorIcally culLurally or archeologir-aily

areas? important sites in the project influence
Yes O No
If yes. lisi oul them
Are there tourist attractions sites in the project area?

Yes i3/No U
If yes, listoutthem ;1:+- aqet'9 i t s e4 l4c ,'? A.-
Whatare the m3jor crups grown an-d p,elds per heciare

inthe project rnluence areas
L6-;i- J:rl 9 , gbv ;; 5L-
Whal is Ihe currcnt market price of malor crops gr -%vn,,1i
tIe projecl area per quintal ,n Birr)
3
L>-/
Is there water supply problem for human i-nd 1hesocIk.

development are3? :opulalion at tIe proposed spring
t-,L4r [3 1>>if
4C-
?< 5i12P9X7t g CCCLK
- -+- - - - - -$ -- -
-Y-rL- 3'f-- Sf
ANNEXES
109
Is there any water use coIi,TIcry Ihe. paorGo;6d s4,ni de.eloprment area?
Yes C FI,.A
UP- : 1J £wifl M
If se dESure br,efiy S - i'I C -'- C
C *IL CC ,A'1s+ ,~
r;k{SH
,zrt~ ~~ ~J{v )Sic?"4 W40"
Jt /.i-C.P
V.-ill the IrnplEmlenilJlon of the ?ropcSed

prlj&ect tiecL the heaih
i.ofthe people?
Yes lP NoO
If yes, describe briefly. j.? . 9. . ' .o LAJ,,Il /k 5ty j
Will tn.? c;.nvrucl,ron &rrd fnple,Tt,?v3rcl

3 0j1 ar1
C cler
pr-,ncre malaria?
Ctt
-- . 8L~-. c'. r.
fille e &.'/ gt l2 ft-~- S
V.11 Ihs prn 1edl acJ1v,l r ause srg,iû dust .3nd jrr poIIu1Ion')
ANNEXES
110
Ill. PUBLIC CONSULTATION

Conducl public consultatcn at Region. Vereda and ccmmunity levels and document the ItsuCs
to be raised dunng the consultations?
Focj5 Ire aiscussions on the following points
Possible positive and adverse impacts thal would be caused due to the implenienlal,on
;.f Ihe project
* Possible enharcencren and miligalton measures for the positive and adverse impacts of
the project;
* Feelings and concems of the lonal alAhotiles and communities towards the proposed
w3ier supply project 4+ ts4.-A PO/a LA., 3t/- 1) ty,
PliS,. Cfl1-' L5%i 4C-' af-'lW,t kt O/.,nS14AW~,,
IV Sub Project Categorisation
Based on the World Bank Environmental Policies, EPA Policies and as well as based on the
abrc- dat3 and potential impacts calegor,se ihe prorsrcd project into A.B. or C.
I Socio-Envaronmental 7Response World Bank Slgnificance Remark

issues I Operational of Impact
policy
s
-
Itnc prijer f lcate
environmentally _____
-- --
in y
4
:-
-
I
H
r trggered---
____
c I ,
.ens,ai,e areaV1- -
2 i-- Ihe projecl area serve - Z t5S
. rC O4
as3 natural habtal for ," sLr, kh ! a y' :L
wild ll'te
hv.i- - - - -L -tIJ-
Will the absira:tion ri /'i , q.^j j KA,i,xy
tthe springs will reduce I ' v wte6/ ta7W
the downstream flowiL
v "t ;>r!r LA r-., i c/1 ' - -
4 Wil the implemenlation P'V ',S 0It LI. 7 .viG a4t
of the project cause loss w - M bl.W Ivtu61V6t
oof houses9 -I V '5 - sr-,,l . Soit/
5 Will ii cause inuolurt 'e C-4,JL t
resettlerent?7 - - -
6f IWll
the construction ard lnLA
n tth Cl(iA%q4 '*o;
° m* . - - -I
implemertlat'cn c,t the 4AJCaLt4lh a i-f'
prolecd cause esiter use lL.. LS4 I
~
S~ $cZ >§s ;& S4=
ci<es a
t44&-LJ otnS R2
ANNEXES
111

E30070 V 20 EA0 P10 Hawassa 0 ESIA0 P129174

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E30070 V 20 EA0 P10 Hawassa 0 ESIA0 P129174

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E3007 v2

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* N-WaSH Coordination Office (Without Encl.)

HAWASSA TOWN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT

SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA

DRAFT REPOR tet-),-q g

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................... PAGE

3.5.1 Federal and Regional Administration .............................. 32

7.2.11 Rock fall and Landslides ....................................... 63

ARCCH Authority for Research and Conservation of Heritage

Table 1: Screening and classification of the proposed project ....................... 25

Figure 1: Map of Hawassa City Administration .................................. 15

Photo 12: Irrigation plot nearby Tunto Spring -------------------------------------------------------------- 58

ARCCH Authority for Research and Conservation of Heritage

Es.1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE SEIA

The scope of the SEIA includes:

* Review of relevant policies, legislations and institutional framework related to

* Proposing appropriate/suitable avoidance or mitigation measures to protect as

Es.1.3 STUDY METHODOLOGY

Es.2. PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION

Es.3 COMPONENTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Es.4 RELEVANT POLICIES AND STRATAGIES

Es.5 DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE CONDITION

Es.5.1 Biophysical Environment

Es.5.2 Population and Socio-economic Environment of the Project Area

Es.6 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY

Es.7 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

* Constructing dams at appropriate location to store surFace runoff

Es.8 POTENTIALSOCIO- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASIURES

Es.8.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS

Es.8.2 NEGATIVE IMPACTS

Es.8 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

Es.9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

Environmental management is concerned with implementation of the measures necessary

Most of the project socio-environmental management and monitoring activities would be

expected to arise. Management will very largely be concerned with controlling

Es.10 Environmental Impact Mitigation, Management, Monitoring and Training

• The costs of mitigation measures to be implemeinted by the Contractor

Es.11 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Realization of the proposed project would play positive role in attracting

* Properly implement the proposed socio-environmental mitigation and management

Finally, it is recommended that the commitments and cooperation of the key

1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE SEIA

The scope of the SEIA includes:

* Review of relevant policies, legislations and institutional framework related to

1.3 STUDY METHODOLOGY

1.3.1 Review of Relevant Studies, Policies and Legal Documents

1.3.2 Field Surveys and Data Collection

1.3.3 Water Quality Analysis

1.3.4 Stakeholders Consultations

1.3.5 Use of Relevant Data Generated by other Disciplines

1.3.6 Impact Analysis and Development of Mitigation Plan

Subsequent to identification of potential impacts and evaluation of their significance,

Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) that comprises the outline of significant

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION

Figure 1: Map of Hawassa City Administration

PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION

2.2 PROPOSED WATER SOURCE

a Ambowuha spring 07 006.338'N. 038 034.585'E and its' altitude is 1701m;

PR,OJFCT r.FSr'RIPTION AND LOCATION