CONCEPT

the basic building block of a theory

A vehicle of thought
Phenomenon- (OBSERVABLE FACT THAT CAN BE PERCEIVED THRU
SENSES & EXPLAINED).
IDEAS FORMULATED BY THE MIND / EXPERIENCE (EASIER TO
UNDERSTAND
BY EXAMPLE)
E.g. independence, self-care, caring

THEORETICAL MODELS / FRAMEWORKS

ARE HIGHLY ESTABLISHED SET OFCONCEPTS THAT ARE TESTABLE.
have a mental model, of what may or may not be aware, that motivate and
substantiate every action and choice of career. The study describes what the
nursing theoretical model is (the mental model and the tacit knowledge
underlying it)
a structure that provides guidance for research or practice .

Conceptual Framework Theoretical Framework

It is more about the approach that a researcher
takes in answering a research question.
It is derived from concepts
A conceptual framework is composed of several
concepts. Further, a conceptual framework may
include a theoretical framework.
Conceptual frameworks identify factors influencing
a particular field, e.g., exploration of ‘masquerade’
mimicry in animals based on phenomena such as
protective mimicry, crypsis and aposematism
It is developed from existing theory/theories.
It is derived from theory.
By itself, one theory alone can serve as a
theoretical framework.
A theoretical framework arises from outcomes
beyond a single study, based on one or more
theories, e.g. Darwin’s theory of evolution by
natural selection

NURSING THEORY
an organized framework of concepts and purposes designed to
guide the practice of nursing.

NURSING PARADIGM
ILLUSTRATION OF CENTRAL CONCEPT (PERSON, HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT &
NURSING)

META PARADIGM
  META – WITH
 PARADEIGMA - PATTERN

PERSON
RECIPIENT OF NURSING CARE (E. G. NIGHTINGALE: PASSIVE)

ENVIRONMENT
EXTERNAL / INTERNAL ASPECTS OF LIFE THAT INFLUENCE THE PERSON ( E.G.
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT)

HEALTH
THE HOLISTIC LEVEL OF WELLNESS THAT THE EXPERIENCE

NURSING
THE INTERVENTION OF THE NURSE

NURSING THEORIES
SYSTEMATICALLY DEVELOPED AND IN ORGANIZED FORMS
A. EDUCATION:
- PRIMARILY USED TO DEVELOP & GUIDE NURSING EDUCATION IN UNIVERSITIES &
INSTITUTIONS.
- THEY WERE ONCE KNOWN TO BE MORE STRONGLY ESTABLISHED IN THE FIELD OF
ACADEMICS RATHER THAN IN CLINICAL PRACTICE.
- BUILT THE COMPLETE CURRICULUM AROUND THE FRAMEWORK.
- ABLE TO COME UP WITH UNIQUE TERMS SUCH AS PROGRAM BJECTIVES, COURSE
OB JECTIVES, COURSE DESCRIPTIONS AND CLI NICAL PERFORMANCE CRITERIA.
(CREATE A MORE COMPREHENSIVE CURRICULUM)
- THEORETICAL CONCEPTS PRIMARILY PREPARES STUDENS FOR PRACTICE AS
MEMBERS OF THE PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY.
- TO ENSURE ADEQUATE & QUALITY NURSING DELIVERY & TO CLARIFY & IMPROVE
THE STATUS OF THE NSG, PROFESSION

B. RESEARCH:
-
- TO PROVIDE ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ENCOUNTERED IN PRACTICE
- DISCOVERY OF CONCEPTS
- HELPS ELABORATE MORE ON HOW STRUCTURES SUCH AS RACE, GENDER, SEXUAL
ORIENTATION & ECONOMIC CLASS AFFECT EXPERIENCES & HEALTH OUTCOMES OF
PATIENTS.
 C. CLINICAL PRACTICE
- GUIDE CRITICAL THINKING & DECISION MAKING IN CLINICAL NURSING PRACTICE.
- BETTER UNDERSTANDING ON THE BASIS & NATURE OF THEIR WORK & BE ABLE TO
EXPRESS IT CLEARLY N COLLABORATIONS TO OTHER PROFESSIONALS.
- STRENGTHEN PROFESSIONAL INDEPENDENCE
- TO FACILITATE QUESTONS, REFLECTIONS AND CRITICAL THINKING IN EVERY
ASPECT OF CARE.
FOUR WAYS OF KNOWING

A. EMPIRICAL KNOWING
- IS THE PRINCIPAL FORM RELATING FACTUAL AND DESCRIPTIVE KNOW ING AIMED AT
THE EXPANSION OF ABSTRACT AND THEORETICAL EXPLANATIONS.
- THE SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE OF NURSING.
- INFORMATION SOURCE OR BASE OF KNOWING.
-CLINICAL AND CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE ARE THE KEY TO NSG.PRACTICE.
- FOCUSES ON EVIDENCE- BASED RESEARCH FOR EFFECTIVE & ACCURATE NURSING
PRACTICE.
- WHERE MOST THEORY AND RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT IS CONCENTRATED &
SOME CONCEPTUAL FORMS HAVE BETTER CAPACITY TO EXPLAIN URSING PHEOMENA THAN
OHERS.

B. AESHETIC KNOWING
– RELATED TO UNDERSTANDING WHAT IS OF SIGNIFICANCE TO PARTICULAR PATIENTS
SUCH AS FEELINGS, ATTITUDES, POINTS OF VIEW.
-MANIFESTATION OF THE CREATIVE AND EXPRESSIVE STYLES OF THE NURSE
- FOCUSES ON EMPATHY
- INCLUDES THE NURSE ABILITY IN CHANGING WAYS & MANNER OF RENDERING
NURSING CARE
BASED ON THE CLIENT’S INDIVIDUAL NEEDS & PERCEPTIONS.
-IT IS DONE BY KNOWING THE DISTINCTIVE INDIVIDUAL INSTEAD AS A TYPICAL
STEREOTYPE WHOLE.

C.ETHICAL KNOWING
– REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE OF DIFFERENT PHILSOPHCAL POSITIONS REGARDING WHAT
IS GOOD
AND RIGHT IN MAKING MORAL ACTIONS & DECISIONS PARTICULARLY IN THE
THEORETICAL AND
CLINICAL COMPONENTS OFNURSING.
- INVOLVES THE JUDGMENT OF RIGHT OR WRONG IN RELATION TOI NTENTIONS,
REASONS
AND ATTRIBUTES OF INDIVIDUALS AND SITUATIONS.
-THE CODE OF MORALS OR COD
-LESSENING SUFERING, UPHODING AND PRESERVING HEALTH IS ONE OF THE KEY
ELEMENTS
WHY NURSING IS A CORE SERVICE IN SOCIETY.
 -IT INCLUDES ALL DELIBERATE NURSING ACTIONS INVOLVNIG AND UNDER TE
JURISDICTION OF
ETHICS AND PROFESSIONALISM.

D.PERSONAL KNOWING
– ENCOMPASSES KNOWEDGE OF THE SELF IN RELATION TO THERS AND TO SELF.IT
INVOLVES THE
ENTIRETY OF THE NURSE PATIENT RELATIONSHIP.
- MOST DIFFICULT TO MASTER AND TEACH.
- KEY TO COMPREHENDING HEALTH IN TERMS OF PERSONAL WELL-BEING
-IT INVOLVES THERAPEUTIC USE OF SELF.
- IT TAKES A LOT OF TIME TO FULLY KNOW THE NATURE OF ONESELF IN RELATION TO
THE
WORLD AROUND.
- IT STRESSES THAT HUMAN BEINGS ARE NOT IN A FIXED STATE BUT ARE CONSTANTLY
ENGAGED
IN A DYNAMIC STATE OF CHANGES.