1

Trigonometric Functions of
The Sum and the Difference of two Angles
(1) 𝐒𝐢𝐧(𝐀 + 𝐁) = 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝐁 + 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝐁
𝐒𝐢𝐧(𝐀 − 𝐁) = 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝐁 − 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝐁
(2)𝐂𝐨𝐬(𝐀 + 𝐁) = 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝐁 − 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝐁
𝐂𝐨𝐬(𝐀 − 𝐁) = 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝐁 − 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝐁
𝐓𝐚𝐧 𝐀 + 𝐓𝐚𝐧 𝐁 𝐓𝐚𝐧 𝐀 − 𝐓𝐚𝐧 𝐁
(3) 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝐀 + 𝐁) = 𝟏− 𝐓𝐚𝐧 𝐀.𝐓𝐚𝐧 𝐁
, 𝐓𝐚𝐧(𝐀 − 𝐁) = 𝟏 + 𝐓𝐚𝐧 𝐀.𝐓𝐚𝐧 𝐁

Ex.1] Find without using calculator

(1) 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟖∘ × 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟏𝟐∘ + 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟏𝟖∘ × 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟐∘ (2) 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟕𝟖∘ . 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟏𝟖∘ + 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟕𝟖∘ . 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟏𝟖∘

∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
𝐓𝐚𝐧𝟒𝟎∘ +𝐓𝐚𝐧𝟓∘
(3) 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟕𝟎 . 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟏𝟎 + 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟕𝟎 . 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝟖𝟎 (4)
𝟏−𝐓𝐚𝐧𝟒𝟎∘ .𝐓𝐚𝐧𝟓∘
Sol :
𝟏
(1) 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟏𝟖∘ × 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟏𝟐∘ + 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟏𝟖∘ × 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟏𝟐∘ = 𝐒𝐢𝐧(𝟏𝟖 + 𝟏𝟐) = 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟑𝟎 = 𝟐
𝟏
(2) 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟕𝟖∘ . 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟏𝟖∘ + 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟕𝟖∘ . 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟏𝟖∘ = 𝐂𝐨𝐬(𝟕𝟖 − 𝟏𝟖) = 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟔𝟎 = 𝟐
𝟏
(3) 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟕𝟎∘ . 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟏𝟎∘ + 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟕𝟎∘ . 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟏𝟎∘ = 𝐂𝐨𝐬(𝟕𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎) = 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟔𝟎 = 𝟐

𝐓𝐚𝐧𝟒𝟎∘ +𝐓𝐚𝐧𝟓∘
(4) = 𝐓𝐚𝐧(𝟒𝟎 + 𝟓) = 𝐓𝐚𝐧𝟒𝟓° = 𝟏
𝟏−𝐓𝐚𝐧𝟒𝟎∘ .𝐓𝐚𝐧𝟓∘

Ex 2] Find the value of :

(1) 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟑𝟖∘ × 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐𝟐∘ + 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟑𝟖∘ × 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐𝟐∘ (2) 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟑𝟖∘ . 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝟖∘ + 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟑𝟖∘ . 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝟖∘

𝐓𝐚𝐧𝟓𝟎∘ +𝐓𝐚𝐧𝟏𝟎∘
(3) 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝟓∘ . 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝟐𝟓∘ − 𝐒𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝟓∘ . 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝟓∘ (4)
𝟏−𝐓𝐚𝐧𝟓𝟎∘ .𝐂𝐨𝐭 𝟖𝟓∘
 2

Ex . 3 ] Choose the correct answer :

 3

Ex.4] 𝟑
If 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐀 = 𝟓 where A is an acute angle, 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐁 =
−𝟕
𝟐𝟓
where 𝛑 < 𝐁 <
𝟑𝛑
𝟐
,
then find (1) Sin (A – B ) (2) tan ( A + B ) (3) cos ( B - A )
Sol :

A is an acute angle 𝛑<𝐁<

𝟑𝛑
𝟐
∴ A lies in 1st Quad. ∴ B lies in third Quad. 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝑩 =
−𝟕

𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐀 =
𝟑 5 3
𝟐𝟓
𝟓
-7
4
-24
25

𝟑 −𝟕 𝟒 −𝟐𝟒 𝟑
(1) ∵ 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝐀 − 𝐁) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 = × − × =
𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟓
𝟑 𝟐𝟒
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀+𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 𝟒
+ 𝟕 −𝟏𝟏𝟕
(2) 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝐀 + 𝐁) = = 𝟑 𝟐𝟒 =
𝟏−𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 𝟏−𝟒× 𝟕 𝟒𝟒
−𝟕 𝟒 −𝟐𝟒 𝟑 −𝟐𝟖 𝟕𝟐 −𝟒
(3) 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝐁 − 𝐀) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 . 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 = 𝟐𝟓
×𝟓+ 𝟐𝟓
×𝟓 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓
− 𝟏𝟐𝟓 = 𝟓
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Ex 5 ] 𝟓
If 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝐀 = 𝟒 , 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝐁 =
𝟏𝟑
𝟓
where A and B are the measures of acute angles.
Find 𝐬𝐞𝐜(𝐀 − 𝐁)
Sol :

A is an acute angle B is an acute angle

∴ A lies in 1st Quad. ∴ B lies in 1st Quad.
𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐀 = 𝟒
𝟓 5 3 𝟏𝟑 13
𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝐁 = 𝟓 5
𝟒 𝟓
∴ cos A = 𝟓 4 ∴ sin B = 𝟏𝟑 12

𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟔𝟑
∵ 𝐂𝐨𝐬(𝐀 − 𝐁) = 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐀. 𝐂𝐨𝐬𝐁 + 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐀𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐁 = × + × =
𝟓 𝟏𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟑 𝟔𝟓
𝟔𝟓
∴ Sec ( A - B ) =
𝟔𝟑

Ex 6 ] In △ 𝐀𝐁𝐂 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀 =
−𝟑
𝟓
  ,  𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁
𝟓
= 𝟏𝟑 , find sin C without using calculator.
Sol :
In △ 𝐀𝐁𝐂 In △ 𝐀𝐁𝐂
−𝟑 𝟓
∵ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀 =   is negative ∵ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐁 =   is
𝟓 𝟏𝟑
nd
∴ A is an obtuse angle lies in 2 quad. ∴ B is an acute angle lies in 1st quad.

−𝟑 𝟓
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀 =    5 sin B =
𝟓 𝟏𝟑 13
4 5
-3 12

In △ 𝐀𝐁𝐂 , 𝐦∠𝐂 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎 − (𝐀 + 𝐁)

∴ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐂 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟏𝟖𝟎 − (𝐀 + 𝐁)) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝐀 + 𝐁) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐁 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁
𝟒 𝟏𝟐 −𝟑 𝟓 𝟑𝟑
= 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟑 + 𝟓
× 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟔𝟓
𝟑 𝟏𝟑
Ex 7 ] If 𝐓𝐚𝐧 𝐀 = 𝟒 , 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝐁 = 𝟏𝟐 where A and B are the measures of acute angles.
Find Sin ( A + B ) , 𝐂𝐨𝐭(𝐀 − 𝐁)
 5

Ex. 8 ] Choose the correct answer:

𝟒 𝟏𝟑
(1) If cos A = , csc B = , where A , B are two acute angles ,
𝟓 𝟏𝟐
−𝟑𝟑 𝟔𝟑 𝟔𝟓 𝟓𝟔
then csc (A - B ) = …… (a) (b) (c ) (d)
𝟔𝟓 𝟔𝟓 𝟔𝟑 𝟔𝟓

𝟏𝟔 𝝅 𝟒 𝟑𝝅
(2) If 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 A = , where A∈ [ , 𝝅[ , 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 B = , where A∈ [𝝅 , [ ,
𝟗 𝟐 𝟗 𝟐
−𝟔 𝟔 𝟏𝟒 𝟏
then tan ( A + B ) = ……. (a) (b) (c) (d)
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕 𝟗 𝟗

𝒌 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟑
(3) If tan ( x + 60 ) = , then k = ….. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) √𝟑 (d) 3
𝒌− 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙

𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝟓𝟎
(4) If x ∈ [𝟎 , 𝟐𝝅[ , and = 1 , then x = ……..
𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 . 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝟓𝟎
(a) 45° (b) 85° (c) 265° (d) 85° or 265°
 6

𝟑 𝟒 𝟒−𝟑√𝟑 𝟏𝟐
(5) If 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 = 𝟓 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉 = then 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟏𝟓𝟎° + 𝛉) =. . . . ..(a) zero (b) (c) (d) otherwise
𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟓

𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
(6) If 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝛉 + 𝟒𝟓) = 𝟐 then 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛉 =. . . . . . . .. (a) (b) 𝟐 (c) zero (d) 1
𝟓

𝑿+ 𝒀 𝑿 −𝒀
(7)If sin(A + B ) = X , sin ( A – B ) = Y , then .........(a) Sin A = (b) Sin B =
𝟐 𝟐
𝑿+ 𝒀 𝑿𝒀
(c ) Sin A . Cos B = (d) Cos A . Sin B =
𝟐 𝟐

(8) If A + B = 225° , then (𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝑨)(𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑩) = ….. (a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 1.5
 7

Ex.9]

Ex 10] 𝟓 𝟏
If 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 = 𝟔 , 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 = 𝟏𝟏 where 𝐦∠𝐀, 𝐦∠𝐁 are acute. Prove that 𝐀 + 𝐁 = 𝟒𝟓∘
𝟓 𝟏 𝟔𝟏
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀+𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 +
Sol: ∵ 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝐀 + 𝐁) = = 𝟔 𝟏𝟏
𝟓 𝟏 = 𝟔𝟔
𝟔𝟏 =𝟏
𝟏−𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀.𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 𝟏− .
𝟔 𝟏𝟏 𝟔𝟔
∴ 𝐦∠(𝐀 + 𝐁) = 𝟒𝟓∘
Ex 11 ] Find the value of x in each of the following:
𝟏
(1) 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝐱 + 𝟑𝟎) = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 (2) sin x . cos 20 - cos x . sin 20 =
𝟐

Sol :
(1) ∵ 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝐱 + 𝟑𝟎) = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
∴ sin x . cos 30° + cos x . sin 30° = 2 cos x
√𝟑 𝟏
sin x × + cos x × 𝟐 = 2 cos x [ multiply by 2 ]
𝟐

∴ √𝟑 sinx + cos x = 4 cos x

√𝟑 sinx = 3 cos x [ divide by cos x ]
√𝟑 tan x = 3
𝟑
Tan x =
√𝟑
𝟑
∵ tan x = is positive
√𝟑
𝟑
∴ the angle x lies in 1st , 3rd quad. [ acute angle = shift tan ( ) = 60° ]
√𝟑

∴ the angle in 1st quad. = 0 + 60 = 60°

∴ the angle in 3rd quad. = 180 + 60 = 240°
∴ X ∈ { 60° , 240° }
𝟏
(2) ∵ sin x . cos 20 - cos x . sin 20 = 𝟐
𝟏
∴ sin ( x – 20° ) = 𝟐
[ positive ]
𝟏
∴ angle lies in 1st quad , 2nd quad . [ acute angle = shift sin ( 𝟐 ) = 30° ]

∴ angle in 1st quad . = 0 + 30 = 30° → x – 20 = 30 → x = 50°

∴ angle in 3rd quad. = 180 -30 = 150 → x – 20 = 150 → x = 170°
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Homework
Q1]

Q2]

𝟓 𝟏
[Q 3] If 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀 = 𝟔 , 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐁 = 𝟏𝟏 where A and B are acute angles. Prove that 𝐀 + 𝐁 = 𝟒𝟓∘

[Q 4] Prove that:

(𝒂) 𝐒𝐢𝐧(𝐱 − 𝟔𝟎°) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝐱 − 𝟑𝟎°) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱

𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀
(b) 𝐓𝐚𝐧(𝟒𝟓° − 𝐀) =
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀
𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝐀 + 𝐁 )+𝐬𝐢𝐧( 𝐀− 𝐁 )
(c ) = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐀
𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝐀 + 𝐁)+𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝐀−𝐁 )

Ex . 5] Choose the correct answer :

 9

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14) 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝐱 + 𝐲) . 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐲 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝐱 + 𝐲) . 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐲 = ......... (a) sin x (b) cos x (c) zero (d) 1

𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑−𝟏𝟎√𝟑 𝟏𝟐
(15) If 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 = 𝟓 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉 = then 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝟒𝟎° + 𝛉) =. . . . . ..(a) zero (b) (c) (d) otherwise
𝟑 𝟑𝟎 𝟐𝟓

𝟒 𝟏 𝟑
(16) If 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝛉 − 𝟒𝟓°) = 𝟑 then 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛉 =. . . . . . . . . . . . .. (a) (b) (c) zero (d) 7
𝟓 𝟐