DIZON, ALLEN G.

320-0013
BSMT 23-A1

MARPOWER PARTS OF ENGINE

Camshaft
- A camshaft consists of set of cams for each unit fitted on to the camshaft hydraulically.
The whole shaft is supported by white metal line bearing with set of cams fitted made of
steel. They have a separate set of lubrication to avoid any contamination with the fuel
due to leakage. 
- It is a control device which operates the three main valves (Inlet, Exhaust and Fuel
injector). It operates these valves with the help of cam follower, rocker arm and push
rod. Each cam profile is designed to produce desired speed and lift of the follower at
appropriate time. 

Crankshaft
- A crankshaft is an engine component subjected to high torsion and fluctuating bending &
shear stress. Material such as silicon (0.3%), Carbon (0.2%), Sulphur (0.02%),
Manganese (0.6%) and Phosphorous (0.02%) is used to build crankshaft. A crankshaft
must have good bearing surface, resist wear and tear of journals and crank-pin, good
strength and unlikely for fatigue failure. 
- A crankshaft is a key component of an engine transmitting cylinder power to the
propeller shaft. Basically, what it does is to convert the oscillating motion of connecting
rod / reciprocating motion of the piston to rotatory motion of the shaft. 

Cylinder
- A liner is a thin metal cylinder inserted on top of a cylinder block and secured at the top
by cylinder head. This allows cylinder liner to expand downward when subjected to
heating. It is constructed of good quality alloy cast iron which can withstand high
temperature and pressure of the cylinder. 
- The function of a cylinder liner in marine diesel engine is to provide durable and heat
resistant combustion chamber. It also provides area for cooling, lubrication, scavenging
and assist in sealing the combustion chamber. This helps prevent compressed gas and
combustion product to escape from the engine around the walls of the cylinder. 

Cylinder head
- A cylinder head is a structure which accompany important engine parts like inlet valve (4
Stroke), Exhaust valve and fuel injector. They are exposed to maximum temperature and
pressure so provided with adequate cooling arrangement. They sit on top of the liner
flange and secured with a series of nut and bolts with the cylinder block. 
 - Its main function is to form the top part of the combustion space; while supporting all
necessary valves required for the operation such as inlet, exhaust and fuel injector. 

Engine block
- The engine block is made of nodular cast iron in one piece for all cylinder
numbers. The main bearing caps are fixed from below by two hydraulically
tensioned screws. They are guided sideways by the engine block at the top as
well as at the bottom. Hydraulically tensioned horizontal side screws support the
main bearing caps.

Exhaust manifold
- The exhaust manifold is an important part of any propulsion system. It collects
the exhaust fumes generated from the engine during combustion of fuel and
redirects it into the exhaust pipe. From the exhaust pipe, the gases are released
into the atmosphere after treating it for poisonous and toxic particles.

Exhaust valve
- An exhaust valve is a valve that releases burned gases from a cylinder. The
exhaust valve closes during the initial part of the induction stroke. The inlet valve
usually opens a little before top dead center and the exhaust valve remains open
a little after top dead center.
- As the hydraulic oil pushes the operating piston, which is connected to the valve
spindle, the valve will move down and allow the exhaust inside the cylinder to
flow out of the engine to exhaust trunk.
Fly wing / wheel
- Flywheel, heavy wheel attached to a rotating shaft so as to smooth out delivery
of power from a motor to a machine. The inertia of the flywheel opposes and
moderates’ fluctuations in the speed of the engine and stores the excess energy
for intermittent use.

Fuel injector
- The function of the fuel injection system is to provide the right amount of fuel at
the right moment and in a suitable condition for the combustion process. There
must therefore be some form of measured fuel supply, a means of timing the
delivery and the atomization of the fuel.

Fuel injector pump

 - An Injection Pump is the device that pumps fuel into the cylinders of a diesel
engine. Traditionally, the injection pump was driven indirectly from the crankshaft
by gears, chains or a toothed belt (often the timing belt) that also drives the
camshaft.

Fuel rack
- The fuel rack limiter is used to avoid excessive fuel injected into cylinder during
starting period to avoid heavy smoke. During starting period, the engine
automation system activates starting solenoid valve to supply compressed air to
push the fuel rack limiter piston.

Governor
- A governor is a system that is used to maintain the mean speed of an engine,
within certain limits, under fluctuating load conditions. It does this by regulating
and controlling the amount of fuel supplied to the engine.

Intake manifold
- An air inlet manifold directs the air/fuel mixture into the cylinders. The main
function of the air inlet manifold is to supply the air/fuel mixture into each of the
intake port in the cylinder head(s). The air/fuel mixture is distributed evenly for
better performance and to improve the efficiency of engine.

Jacket cooler
- A cooling jacket, also referred to as a flow generator, ensures that there is
always sufficient water flow across the motor surface in order to cool the motor.
In a typical well installation, the pump is surrounded by the walls of the well. The
motor is installed below the pump.

Piston
- A piston is a composite structure with crown and skirt that made the moving part of a
combustion chamber. Piston Crown is subjected to fluctuating thermal and mechanical
stresses while it transfers the combustion force to the piston rod or connecting rod
depending upon type of engine (2 Stroke or 4 Stroke). They are designed as a concave
structure at the top to provide maximum combustion efficiency. 
- The function of a piston in marine diesel engine is to convert the force of expanding
gases during combustion process to mechanical energy. While during the compression
stroke it compresses the gas in between the crown and cylinder head with the energy
provided by flywheel. A piston can be called as the heart of an engine as it transforms all
that energy under fluctuating thermal and mechanical stress. 
Piston rod
- Piston rods are generally found in large two stroke engines. Piston rods help in
transmitting the power produced in the combustion space to the cross head and
the running gear of the engine. The lengths of these rods depend on the length of
the engine stroke and the manufacturers design.

Proper arm assembly

- The crankshaft is arranged to drive through gears the camshaft, which either
directly or through pushrods operates rocker arms which open the inlet and
exhaust valves. The camshaft is 'timed' to open the valves at the correct point in
the cycle. The crankshaft is surrounded by the crankcase and the engine
framework which supports the cylinders and houses the crankshaft bearings. The
cylinder and cylinder head are arranged with water-cooling passages around
them.

Starting air valve

- The air starting valve of a marine engine is responsible to start the engine from a
standstill or stop position. It also helps in reversing and emergency stopping or
crash stopping of the engine if needed.

Stay bolts
- Stay bolts hold the engine together and keep them in compression. A loose/crack
stay bolt will lead to serious vibration in the engine. If the engine end stay bolts
i.e the one located ahead of 1st cylinder or the one located aft of last cylinder) is
cracked, the cylinder pressure is reduced to 75% of pmax.

Turbocharger
- One of the revolutionary developments in the diesel engine (Including Marine Diesel
Engine) that have increased the efficiency of a plant / Ship / Vehicle drastically. It helps
increase the power output for the same engine without change in its design or size. It is
also known as the supercharger in many automobiles; but have a significant importance
in the marine industry. 
- The function of a turbocharger is to increase the overall power and efficiency of an
engine. It has two main parts: A blower and a turbine. Turbine rotates with the shaft by
the kinetic energy of flue gas produced by nozzle rings. On other hand a blower rotates
by the rotating shaft which in turn produce air suction and then compression to desired
pressure.