LECTURE- 2
ENGINE COMPONENTS
ENGINE
Engine is a device a that converts the chemical
energy of fuel (wood, coal, petrol, diesel, gas etc.)
into mechanical energy by combustion.
•Engines may be classified as;
Ignition Place : External or Internal combustion
Fuel Used : Petrol, diesel or gas engines
No. of strokes : 2-stroke or 4-stroke
Fuel Ignition method: Spark ignition(Petrol) or
Compression ignition
(diesel)
Engine Components
and Functions
Components of an engine
Following are the major components of an engine:
Engine block
Cylinder
Sleeve/Liner
Cylinder head
Piston
Piston rings
Piston pin or Gudgeon pin or Wrist pin
Connecting rod
Crank shaft
Cam shaft
Fly wheel
Inlet Valve
Exhaust valve
Fuel Injector/Atomizer (In case of diesel engine)
Spark plug (In case of petrol engine) etc.
Engine Block
This is the main
component in the engine.
Cylinders are overhauled
in the engine block and it
carries the water jackets
around the cylinders. A
space is provided for
supporting the crankshaft
in the engine block. The
lower component
attached with the engine
block is called crankcase.
Engine Head
A part of the engine
which covers the
Piston and creates the
Combustion chamber.
The proper name
is Cylinder head.
Cylinder
A barrel shaped component
which provides space for the
ignition of fuel and houses
piston, connecting rod and
cylinder sleeve/liner.
Piston
A piston is a component of
reciprocating engines,
pumps and gas
compressors.
It is located in
a cylinder and is made gas-
tight by piston rings.
In an engine, its purpose is
to transfer force from
expanding gas in the
cylinder to
the crankshaft via a piston
rod and/or connecting rod.
Know Your Piston!
Piston Rings
A piston ring is an open-ended
ring that fits into a groove on the
outer diameter of a piston in
a reciprocating engine such as
an internal combustion
engine or steam engine.
The three main functions of piston
rings in reciprocating engines are:
Sealing the combustion /
expansion chamber.
Supporting heat transfer from
the piston to the cylinder wall.
Regulating engine oil
consumption.
Connecting rod
• Connects the piston to
the crankshaft
• Converts reciprocating
piston motion to rotary
motion at the
crankshaft.
• Drop-forged steel
Connecting Rod
In reciprocating piston
engine, the connecting
rod connects the piston to
the crank or crankshaft.
Together with the crank,
they form a simple
mechanism that converts
linear motion into rotating
motion.
Crank shaft
The crankshaft, sometimes casually abbreviated
to crank, is the part of an engine which
translates reciprocating linear piston motion into
rotation.
Cam shaft
• A camshaft is a shaft
to which a cam is
fastened or of which
a cam forms an
integral part
• A Cam shaft is
commonly used to
operate poppet
valves in a piston
engine.
Rocker Arm
A rocker arm (in the context of an internal combustion
engine of automotive, marine, motorcycle and
reciprocating aviation types) is an oscillating lever that
conveys radial movement from the cam lobe into linear
movement at the poppet valve to open it.
One end is raised and lowered by a rotating lobe of the
camshaft (either directly or via a tappet (lifter) and
pushrod) while the other end acts on the valve stem.
When the camshaft lobe raises the outside of the arm,
the inside presses down on the valve stem, opening the
valve.
When the outside of the arm is permitted to return due to
the camshafts rotation, the inside rises, allowing the
valve spring to close the valve.
Valve Control System
Engine Components
Valve cover Rocker arm
Valve spring
Valve Push rod
Piston Piston pin
Valve tappet
Connecting rod
Camshaft
Engine block Connecting rod
Main journal
Connecting rod cap
Oil pan
Engine
