HEAT ENGINE

• Heat engine is a machine

which converts heat energy
supplied to it into mechanical
work.
• Heat energy is supplied to the
engine by burning fuel.
 INTERNAL
COMBUSTION
ENGINES (IC)
In IC engines, combustion of fuel takes
ENGINES
place inside the engine cylinder.
Examples: Diesel Engines, Petrol Engines,
Gas Engines
 CLASSIFICATION OF IC
ENGINES
01 02 03
Number of Strokes Type of Fuel Used Type of Ignition
• Two-Stroke Cycle Engine • Petrol Engines • Spark Ignition (SI)
• Four-Stroke Cycle Engine • Diesel Engines • Compression Ignition (CI)

04 05 06
Number of Cylinders Position of Cylinders Type of Cooling
• Vertical Engine
• Single Cylinder • Horizontal Engine • Air-Cooled Engine
• Multi Cylinder • Radial Engine • Water-Cooled Engine
• V-Engine
• Opposite Cylinder Engine
• Opposite Piston Engine
NUMBER OF
CYLINDERS
POSITION OF
CYLINDER
TYPE OF COOLING
 MAIN
COMPONEN
TS OF AN IC
ENGINE
 CYLINDER
BLOCK
• The cylinder block is the main supporting
structure for the various components.
• It contains the cylinders accurately
finished to accommodate pistons.
• The cylinder block houses crank,
camshaft, piston and other engine parts.
• The materials used for cylinder block are
grey cast iron, aluminum alloys, and etc.
 CYLINDER HEAD
• The cylinder head is bolted to the cylinder
Block by means of studs.
• It covers the top end of the cylinder,
which the inlet and exhaust valve, spark
plug or injectors are mounted
 CYLINDER
LINERS
• The liner is a sleeve which is fitted into
the cylinder bore.
• It provides wear resisting surface for the
cylinder bores.
• Liners are classified into:
⚬ Wet liner
⚬ Dry liner
• Liner materials should withstand abrasive
wear and corrosive.
• Chromium plated mild steel tubes are used
as liners.
 CRANK CASE
• It may be cast integral with the cylinder
block.
• Some times, it is cast separately and then
attacked to the cylinder block.
• It house the crankshaft of the engine and
also serve as the sump for the lubricating
oil.
 OIL PAN OR OIL
SUMP
• It is the bottom part of the engine.
• It contains lubricating oil.
• A drain plug is provided the oil sump to
drain out the oil.
• It is made of the pressed sheet.
 PISTON
• It acts as the movable gas tight seal to
keep the gases inside the cylinder.
• It transmits the force of explosion in the
cylinder to the crankshaft through the
connecting rod.
• Some of the materials used for piston are
cast iron, aluminum alloy, chrome nickel
alloy, nickel iron alloy and cast steel.
 PISTON RINGS
• Piston rings are fitted into the slots around the
piston, provides tight seal between the piston
and cylinder wall thus preventing the leakage
of combustion gases.
• There are two types of rings:
⚬ Compression rings is upper ring of the
piston which provides air tight seal to
prevent leakage of the burnt gases into the
lower portion
⚬ Oil rings is lower ring which provides
effective seal to prevent leakage of the oil
into the engine cylinder.
 CONNECTING ROD
• It connects the piston and crank shaft.
• It converts the reciprocating motion of the
piston into circular motion of the
crankshaft.
• The smaller end of the connecting rod is
connected with the piston by gudgeon pin
and bigger end of the connecting rod is
connected with the crank with crank pin.
• The connecting rods must withstand heavy
thrusts, hence it must have strength and
rigidity.
 CRANK SHAFT
• It is the main rotating shaft of the engine.
• It converts the reciprocating motion of the
piston into the useful rotary motion of output
shaft with the help of connecting rod.
• In the crank shaft of single cylinder engine
there are a pair of crank arms and a balance
weights. The balance weights are provided for
static and dynamic balancing of the rotary
system.
• It is enclosed in the crank case.
 CAM SHAFT
• It is driven by the crankshaft through
timing chain or timing gears.
• It contains number of cams equal to the
number of valves in an engine.
• It is used to convert rotary motion into
linear or straight line motion.
• The opening and closing of the engine
valves are controlled by the cams provided
on the cam shaft.
 INLET AND EXHAUST
VALVES
• Valves are commonly mushroom shaped
poppet type.
• They are provided on the cylinder head for
regulating the charge coming into the cylinder
(inlet valve) and for discharging the products
of combustion (exhaust valve) from the
cylinder.
 SPARK PLUG
• It is a component to initiate the
combustion process in the spark ignition
(SI) engines and is usually located on the
cylinder head.
 FUEL INJECTOR
• It is a component to initiate the combustion
process in compression ignition (CI) engines
and is usually located on the cylinder head.
 FLY WHEEL
• It is a big wheel mounted on the
crankshaft, whose function is to maintain
its speed constant. it is done by storing
excess energy during the power stroke,
which is returned during the other stroke.
 PETROL ENGINES/SI
ENGINES

FOUR STROKE TWO STROKE

DIESEL ENGINE/CI
ENGINES
TWO
STROKE

FOUR STROKE
2 STROKE AND 4 STROKE
ENGINE
Oil change Belts

Change the
MAIN Prevent Fuel
Oil Filter TENA Gelling

Change the NCE Check and

Change the
Air Filter
Coolant