L1 - 1: Introduction to Communication COMMUNICATION Definition - Communication is the process of establishing a connection or link between two points forinformation exchange. = communication is simply the basic process of exchanging information, Communication Equipmentis electronic equipment used for communication purposes. Communication Systems are communication equipment assembled together. Typical Example of Communication Systems: - line telephony, = line telegraphy, - radio telephony, - radio telegraphy, = radio broadcasting, = p2p communication, - mobile communication, - computer communication, radar communication, - television broadcasting, - radio telemetry, - radio aids to navigation, = radio aids to aircraft landing ~ many more... COMMUNICATION PROCESS Definition - the process of transmission of information from one point to another.Communication Process: 1. The generation of thought patterns or images in the mind of an originator. 2. The description of that image, with a certain measure of precision, by a set of oral visual symbols. 3, The encoding of these symbols in a form that is suitable for transmission over a physical medium of interest. 4. The transmission of the encoded symbols to the desired destination, 5. The decodingand reproduction of the original symbols. 6, The recreation of the original thought pattern or image, with a definable degradation in quality, in the mind of the recipient. Recitation: ** Illustrate the Communication Process *** BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMMUNICATION System, Block diagram of the generalcommunication system, in which the direct elements are presented by blocks. The essential components ofa communication system are: - information source, ~ input transducer, - transmitter, - communication channel, - receiver, - destination * Information Source —_- originator of the information * Input Transducer a device that converts one form of energy into another form. Ina case when the message produced by the information source is not electrical in nature, an input transducer is used to convertit into a time-varying electrical signal.* Transmitter ~ process the electrical signal from a different aspect. Example: ~ in radio broadcasting the electrical signal obtained from the sound signal, is processed to restrict its range of audio frequencies (up toS kHz in amplitude modulation radio broadcast ) and is often amplified - In wire telephony, no real processingis needed. However, in long-distance radio communication, signal amplification is necessary before modulation - modulation s the main function of the transmitter. The message signal is superimposed upon the high- frequency carrier signal. inside the transmitter, signal processing such as restriction of range of audio frequencies, amplification, and modulation of the signal are achieved. fo ease the transmission of the signal through the channel. * Channeland Noise ~The term channel means the medium through which the message travels fromthe transmitterto the receiver. the function of the channel is to provide a physical connection between the transmitterand the receiver. - Two types of channels: 2p channels (wire lines, microwave links and optical fibers) - broadcast channels - provides capability where several receiving stations can be reached simultaneously from a single transmitter. (Satellite in geostationary orbit) NOISE- is an unwanted signal which tendo interfere with the required signal. + always random in character. ~ may interfere with signal at any pointin communication system. - has its greatest effect on the signal in the channel* Receiver + reproduce the message signalin electrical form from the distorted received signal. - accomplished by a process known as the DEMODULATION or DETECTION. - DEMODULATION is the reverse process of modulation carried out in the transmitter. * Destination - the final state whichis used to convertan electrical message signal into its original form Example: in radio broadcasting, the destination is a loudspeaker that works asa transduceri.e. convertsthe electrical signal into the form of the original sound signal. REFERENCES: https://electronicspost.com/block-diagram-of-communicatior - Principles of Communication STI Handout Prelim 1