Blockchain For AI and Data-Science

Mesum Sultan Shaikh

Department of Software Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan

Abstract – Data Science, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain have recently risen to the top of the list of most popular and
disruptive technologies. The increasing volume and variety of data has compelled academics to make business decisions based on
the analysis of big data. In contrast, artificial intelligence imbues computers with human-like intelligence and decision-making
abilities. In contrast, blockchain technology offers the potential to automate bitcoin payments while simultaneously providing
decentralized, secure, and trustworthy accessibility to a shared register of information, transactions, and records. In this paper, I
look into blockchain technology research and applications in data science and artificial intelligence, as well as the potential
benefits and drawbacks of the technology. I also provide a summary of blockchain systems and protocols that are largely
targeted toward data science and artificial intelligence. Furthermore, I investigate and answer open research issues associated
with the usage of blockchain in data science as well as AI.

Index Terms—Data Science, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Big Data, Bitcoin Payment.

I. INTRODUCTION work. What tends to happen if these technologies are used

We are currently experiencing a data influx. Data is expanding concurrently?

at a wondrous amount, and every single one is generating latest
data every second. Massive volumes of data have been To answer this question, a better grasp of the distinctions and
gathered and generated as a result of sensing applications, IoT connections between blockchain, data science, and artificial
devices, social media, and online applications, assisting in the intelligence is required.
evolution of AI and Data Science [1]. Various machine
learning and deep learning algorithms [2] can use such data to
perform a range of analytics. Currently, the large percentage of II. BACKGROUND
AI and Data Science machine learning and deep learning
In this section overview of blockchain, data science and AI is
models rely on a highly centralized training model in which a
given.
group of servers runs a specific model against training and
validating datasets, and many companies, including Google, a. Data Science
Apple, Facebook, and Amazon, manage massive amounts of
data to make informed decisions [3].
"Data Science" cites the process of translating data into
generating outcomes and espionage. It is a suite of tools,
Big data is derived from range of antecedents and is divided
techniques, and procedures that humans and computers employ
into three data categories: structured, unstructured, and semi-
to transform data into knowledge. Data science, which turns
structured data. Data utilization is difficult since the great bulk
data into valuable knowledge, has been affected by big data.
of huge data is unstructured or semi-structured. Data gathering,
The progress of data science is intrinsically related to big data.
storing, accessing, partake, analysis, administration, and
It delves into research methods together with the big data
visualization all present challenges on several fronts, as do data
setting. Academic and corporate circles are increasingly
protection and confidentiality. There is a great deal of data
focusing on big data-driven practical research. Big data
from many areas of life, yet it is fragmented and must be
technology is now widely employed in a variety of disciplines
successfully integrated. Because of an insufficient storage
such as genetics, meteorology, finance, and healthcare [8].
of infrastructure and analytic tools, many businesses assess just
a tiny fraction of vast volumes of data [4]. Furthermore, b. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
because data can be hacked and modified because it is
processed and kept centrally, the centralized structure of AI AI is defined as the research of "intelligent agents," or
may lead to data tampering [5]. The data sources' authenticity any technology that observes its environment and conducts
and provenance are not assured [6]. This might lead to AI actions to maximize its chances of success [9]. The vast
findings that are exceedingly inaccurate, dangerous, and majority of AI systems now under development are specialized
damaging. expert systems that make judgments based on a knowledge
database. Many scholars, on the other hand, are attempting to
The fields of data science, artificial intelligence, and develop AI systems capable of applying truly smart decision-
blockchain technology are all thriving. Some people may making processes to a limited range of challenges, some of
believe that these technologies are incompatible. They are, in which may have a positive impact on our everyday lives.
reality, complimentary technologies. As per Neimeth [7], the
blockchain database might be valued up to 20 percent of the c. Blockchain
whole big data industry till 2030, with yearly profit of nearly
100 billion dollars. Blockchain, like the further new The growing popularity of Bitcoin draws attention to the
technologies, is progressively altering the way some sectors blockchain technology that underpins it. The scope of
 Blockchain is far wider than that of Bitcoin. Blockchain is a
distributed, immutable ledger that records and distributes all
transactions to all participants. It is a decentralized method in
which no third-party organizations are involved. The consent
of the participants validates each transaction. Every transaction
on the blockchain is shared with all nodes. A transaction
cannot be deleted once it has been entered in the ledger. This
feature increases system transparency when it comes to
centralized payments that involve third parties [10]. Simply
said, blockchain is a method of data transfer. It enables users to
safely communicate data and perform node payments without
the use of a mediator or centralized management system.
III. RELATED SURVEY
The author addresses the problems in this work by investigating
how the advent of new technologies has the potential to change
B2B partnerships and lead to the appearance of dark side effects
via mechanisms that have not before been investigated or
understood. In the process, he shows how theories that have
been largely ignored in the literature might yield unique insights
when investigating the dark side of B2B relationships. [11]
AI and blockchain are two of the most disruptive technologies,
with the potential to change the way we live, work, and interact
dramatically. The authors discuss current initiatives and
examine the promising future of their integration in order to
answer the question, "What can smart, decentralized, and secure
systems achieve for our society?" [5]
According to author, SecNet, a structure that can empower
secure data archiving, automating, and spreading in an
enormous Internet surroundings, is described in this paper, with
the goal of creating a much more safe cyberspace with real big
data and therefore bolstered AI with a significant amount of data
antecedents, by assimilating three key components: 1) a
blockchain-rooted data sharing platform with ownership
guarantees; 2) an AI-rooted safe computing platform; and 3) a
trustworthy value-swap mechanism that allows participants to
obtain economic incentives while sharing their data or diligence,
thereby encouraging data sharing and improving AI enactment.
In addition, they investigate SecNet's normal use scenario as
well as other possibilities of deployment strategy, and efficacity
in terms of network protection and budgetary revenue. [12]
The author of this paper investigates how Blockchain
technology has proven to be exceptionally effective at securely
conducting distributed transactions. They offer a wide range of
uses, including bitcoin cryptocurrency management and smart
contracts. The potential of blockchain for data science
applications has recently been examined. This research looks
into blockchain technology and how it can be applied in data
science and cyber security. [13]
The author of this study conducted a thorough discussion on
several aspects of big data and the issues it brings, as well as
some future research avenues. [8]
The author's study in this article focuses on revealing and
resolving the limitations of Blockchain in terms of
confidentiality and security, yet a lot of the proposed solutions
lack specific evaluation of their effectiveness. Many additional
Blockchain scaling challenges have gone neglected, such like
throughput and latency. Based on the outcomes of this study,
researchers are offered suggestions for further research
directions. [2]
The author's study in this article focuses on revealing and
resolving the limitations of Blockchain from the viewpoints of
safety and security, whereas many of the proposed solutions lack
specific evaluation of their effectiveness. Many additional
Blockchain scaling challenges, such as throughput and latency,
have gone unaddressed. Based on the study's findings,
researchers are offered recommendations for future research
areas. [9]
The author of this study emphasizes that blockchain technology
provides a digital trust mechanism for humans, which improves
the efficiency of value exchange and decreases costs, and that the
truly credible and efficient Internet of Value is approaching.
They also discuss Nebula AI's work in developing a
decentralized artificial intelligence computing blockchain. [3]
The author introduces big data technology, as well as its
importance in today's world, as well as existing initiatives that
are effective and critical in transforming the concept of science
into big science, as well as society, in this paper. The numerous
hurdles and obstacles encountered in adapting and accepting Big
Data technology, its tools (Hadoop), and the problems
encountered by Hadoop are also thoroughly discussed. The study
finishes with recommendations for good big data practices. [4]
The author describes the impact of blockchain on big data and its
outcomes in this study. They also talk about how blockchain can
be used to add another data layer to the Big Data analytics
process. [14]
The purpose of this research is to provide a technique for
developing a blockchain-based environment for exchanging
health care data. The technique considers privacy concerns, data
exchange, and patients as focus point for data regulation. [15]
This research suggests leveraging blockchain technology to
develop Access Control systems that allow traceability of access
control policies evaluation. The basic concept of our approach is
to encode attribute-based rules for access control as smart
contracts and implement them on a blockchain, transforming
policy review into a totally public smart contract execution. [16]
This study demonstrated the many possibilities for developing
accurate artificial intelligence models in e-Health utilizing
blockchain, which is an open network for information sharing
and permission. Healthcare practitioners will be able to access
the blockchain to view the patient's medical information, and AI
will use a variety of proposed algorithms and decision-making
capability, as well as vast amounts of data. [17]
In this paper, the author gives a brief description of various
methods and platforms that attempt to enhance blockchain
strength into robotic applications, advance Ai technologies, or fix
issues that exist in significant blockchains, which can result to
the potential to develop robotic applications with enhanced
functionality and security. They give an overview, analyze the
approaches, and finish the research with our thoughts on the
upcoming years of technological integration. [18]
In this paper, the author emphasizes current achievements in this
subject and calls for improved readability in artificial
intelligence. Further, it provides 2 methods for comprehending
deep learning forecasting accuracy: one that evaluates the
prediction's sensitivity to varying the input and a second that
effectively decomposes the choice in terms of the
input parameters. These approaches are evaluated using three
classification tasks. [19]
IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOCKCHAIN
The following are the five fundamental properties of blockchain
technology:
Decentralization: All blockchain participants have total access
to the database and its historical records. The information and
data are not within the control of a single entity. Without the
need for a mediator, each party may simply examine the
information of its business partners.
Security: Blockchain technology can prevent data from being
altered with. Each participant in the blockchain system has their
own database. Each node on this blockchain will hold all of the
data. Even if the nodes is broken or targeted, the database
remains unaffected.
Data privacy and security: Because data sharing among
blockchain nodes supersede a tight concord procedure,
blockchain doesn’t require trust and may replace data situated
on addresses instead of human identities. Simultaneously, the
blockchain employs encryption to assure data protection; despite
the fact that information is spilled, it can’t be interpreted.
Smart covenant:  A smart covenant is a piece of software that
runs axiomatically when specific circumstances are satisfied.
Due to the cybernated structure of the ledger, blockchain
transactions may be associated to computational inference and
are essentially programmable. As a result, users may construct
algorithms and rules to automatically start transactions between
nodes.
Controllability: Since the blockchain structure saves all previous
data with a time after provenance block, any data on the
blockchain could be tracked back to its origin. It increases the
traceability and visibility of blockchain data.
V. THE IMPACT OF BLOCKCHAIN ON DATA SCIENCE
AND AI
Data science's value is discovered in the harvesting of pertinent
data from data set in order to create data products. Due to data
confidentiality, complexity, and an unequal demand and supply
current data transmission has substantially hampered the growth
of data science in community. Data gathering, partaking, and
confidentiality protection are key hurdles to data science
growth. Many setups, businesses, and government entities [20]
are investigating blockchain application programs in logistics
network, health care records, voting, energy supply,
proprietorship management, and critical domestic substructure
security [21] because blockchain properties such as clarity,
protection, traceability, and privacy can supplement data
science.
Many of the problems of AI and blockchain can be efficiently
addressed by merging both technical ecosystems [22]. To learn,
infer, and make final conclusions, AI algorithms rely on data or
information. Machine learning algorithms perform better when
data is acquired from a dependable, safe, trusted, and credible
data repository or platform. Blockchain is a distributed ledger
that allows data to be stored and transacted in a fashion that is
cryptographically signed, confirmed, and agreed upon by all
mining nodes. Blockchain data has excellent integrity and
resilience and cannot be tampered with. When smart contracts
are utilized to make judgments and do analytics using machine
learning algorithms, the results may be trusted and unquestioned.
The combination of AI and blockchain has the potential to build
a safe, immutable, and decentralized system for the very sensitive
data that AI-driven systems must collect, store, and use [23].
This approach leads to major gains in data and information
security in a variety of domains, including medical, personal,
banking and financial, trading, and legal data.
Figure below depicts how AI and Data Science might profit from
the availability of numerous blockchain platforms for running
machine learning algorithms and tracing data saved on
decentralized P2P storage systems.
VI. ADVANTAGES OF BLOCKCHAIN IMPACT OVER
DATA SCIENCE AND AI
Data risk management is not without hurdles, despite
breakthroughs in data science and AI technologies, which
including data silos, poor data performance, and data outflows.
The core philosophy of blockchain is one of decentralization,
openness, and clarity. Blockchain technology has the potential to
solve the Internet ecosystem's trust problem, hence propelling the
growth of big data and the automated prudence. In this part, we'll
look at some of the credible upsides of mixing blockchain with
data science and AI.
a. Security and Privacy
Because of its decentralized structure, blockchain
ensures data privacy and security. The great majority of data is
stored on centralized servers, which might result in data leak and
loss. Cybercriminals frequently target them. Blockchain
technology decentralizes data control, making large-scale data
access and manipulation more difficult. Furthermore, the
blockchain transaction data, such as the transfer location,
amount, and convention time, is open and public, but the identity
of the programmer of the action location is unidentified. The
ciphertext process of blockchain technology isolates a person
identify from user data.
b. Credibility and Transparency
Through the automated deployment of smart contracts,
data science and artificial intelligence (AI) might provide data
analysis for buyers. Using blockchain technology as a bridge.
Smart contracts decrease human interference and redundancy.
The blockchain technology is coupled with automated contract
implementation, which is not familiar but yet trusted by many
parties, through monitoring and accurate assessment of all data.
c. Data Interpretation
In the phase of big data, data protection difficulties
encompass not only private protection security issues, but also
data interpretation, which tries to anticipate people's health and
behavior.
d. Data Sharing
To some extent, blockchain has addressed the security
issue associated with data exchange. Healthcare is a classic
cross-sector scenario, with no single organization having access
to all data. Blockchain provides a solution for data interchange
by integrating cloud computing, node transmission, a consensus
process, and encryption techniques. The blockchain removes
data silos and increases the value of data. In healthcare,
blockchain may be utilized to strike an equilibrium among
security and digitized medical record accessibility.
e. Protection of Data Sovereignty
Because there is no effective means to monitor how
data is utilized and who retains it, majority of data really aren’t
held by their owners. As a result, there isn't any system in place
to track down or penalize offenders who utilize data without
restriction.
VII. OPEN CHALLENGES IN THE BLOCKCHAIN
IMPACT ON DATA SCIENCE AND AI
This part explores the primary challenges that must be overcome
when implementing blockchain technology in data science and
artificial intelligence. The blockchain was developed far too
quickly, and the technology infrastructure continues to be in its
existence. Blockchain is still in its "infancy" in comparison to
most other technologies. Despite the fact that blockchain has
tremendous potential benefits for data management, there are
also significant challenges. This section discusses some of the
identified issues.
a. Scalability
A massive amount of data must be managed and
evaluated within data science and AI. As a result, storage of
data must be scalable while supporting high transaction speeds.
Scalability is described as the proficiency of a system, network,
or process to inflate its capabilities by managing rising tasks.
Despite the fact that blockchain has major advantages over
conventional systems, it is prone to the scalability problem,
which impedes real-time commerce. The larger the blockchain,
the more time it requires to replicate data to further network
nodes. This impacts both new nodes as well as those brought
back up after an extended period of inactivity.
b. Difficulty in Accurate Analysis
The data scalability will continue to expand due to the
exponential expansion of blockchain technology applications.
Blockchain data fusion will widen and enrich data in a variety of
corporate scenarios. Although blockchain protects anonymity and
privacy, it also makes obtaining critical information from
blockchain sets of data extremely difficult. Mapping the
connection between accounts and locations is the most important
and complex aspect of on-chain data analysis. The more
confidential the blockchain data collection, the more complicated
it is to correctly market to people. Researchers can only make
broad generalizations from this information, but accurately
forecasting people's future behavior and impacts is challenging.
c. Consensus Upgrade
A consensus algorithm is a mechanism that allows
several network users to agree. Because the public blockchain is
decentralized, the decentralized nodes must agree on the
transaction's validity. The consensus algorithm's goal is to
validate that all lumps adhere to etiquette rules and that all
payments are made in a secure environment. Whenever
blockchain is employed in data science, the network's
membership must be diverse.
d. Intensified Competition
Without a doubt, data is the bedrock of the data
processing. Every company desire to acquire much data as
possible in order to improve its long-term combativeness.
Because the concepts of "blockchain," "data science," and "AI"
are mutually beneficial, an increasing number of start-ups are
venturing into the blockchain, data science, and AI fields. Big
data firms' current profit model may be characterized as "data-
tools-services." The initial blockade to combativeness is the
collecting of data.
VIII. CONCLUSION
In conjunction to transform how we process and understand data
we can utilize Data science, artificial intelligence, and
blockchain. The massive volume, multiplicity, and rapid
expansion rate of data, as well as the rapid advancement of data
applications, have placed enormous ultimatum on the
optimization of consumer quantity, parallelization and energy
consumption of inquiries for privacy protection services. In this
research, we have provided an introduction of data science and
artificial intelligence before delving into big data technologies
and the threats they face. After that, we have gone through
blockchain, covering blockchain architectonics and pivotal
blockchain liniments. We also discuss the possible upsides,
drawbacks, and unsolved challenges of combining blockchain
with data science. While we adopt blockchain technology, we
must further establish blockchain technology objectives and
principles, concentrating on data security risks research and
analysis, continually monitor development trends, and
aggressively seek regulatory channels.
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IX. AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY
I am Mesum Sultan. I am a third-year student of software
engineering at NED University of Engineering and
Technology. I have hands on experience in data science, AI
and web development. I am further exploring Blockchain
and web 3.0.