Scientific Bulletin

Vol. XXV, No 1(49), 2020

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF 10-ELEMENT

YAGI-UDA ANTENNA

Mohanad ABDULHAMID
moh1hamid@yahoo.com

AL-HIKMA UNIVERSITY, IRAQ

ABSTRACT
The main aim of this paper is to come up with a 10-element
Ultra High Frequency (UHF) aerial with optimal spacing that gives
clear TV reception. A Yagi antenna is chosen for this study due to its
high directionality, broadband capability, high gain and the
availability of materials locally. An attempt is made to simulate the
entire antenna and test it on a Samsung TV set.

KEYWORDS:
Yagi-Uda, 10-element, design

1. Introduction The Yagi-Uda antenna had gotten

Usually, Yagi-Uda antenna is viewed
as a parasitic linear array with parallel
dipoles (see Figure no. 1), one of them can
be energized at once with the help of use of
a feed transmission line whereas the different
is acting as parasitic radiator whose currents
are brought about by using way of mutual
coupling. The fundamental antenna is made
of one reflector (in the rear), one driven
element, and one or extra directors (within
the route of transmission / reception).
exhaustive analytical and experimental
investigations within the open literature and
some other place. The Yagi antenna
characteristics are suffering from all of the
geometric parameters of the array. Usually
Yagi-Uda arrays possess low input
impedance and comparatively slim
bandwidth. Modifications in each can be
done on the fee of others (Wang & Liu,
2014; Kittiyanpunya & Krairiksh, 2014;
Shah & Lim, 2016).

Figure no. 1: Yagi-Uda array geometry

DOI: 10.2478/bsaft-2020-0001
© 2017. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License.

 Usually, someone may need to make
improvement of a particular radio reception
or station of television. The most effective
method to make this is to design a Yagi-
Uda (or Yagi) antenna due to their
simplicity and comparatively high gain
(Jiang et al, 2018; Reddy, 2018).
The aim of the paper is to design and
optimize a 10-element Yagi antenna that
covers all the UHF TV channels.
We choose an upper frequency of 799
MHz, mid-band frequency of 643 MHz and
a lower band frequency of 487 MHz, this is
due to the UHF TV channel begins with
487 MHz and ends up with 799 MHz.
Antennas’ gains increase slowly up to the
frequency of design and decrease sharply
thereafter. Hence, it is easier to choose the
Figure no. 2: Element of folded dipole
2.2. Making of bending jig
The important thing to get best results
is to spend little time in constructing a
bending jig. As shown in Figure no 3, this
can be quite easy and may be comprised of
scrap wood. The round former diameter
needs to be about 5mm much less than the
internal diameter of the bend you aim for,
to permit for a few ‘spring’ when bending
the tubing through hand.
A great method for making the round
former would be to utilize a steel pulley (or
a wheel with the rubber tyre eliminated)
since the groove may help in locating the
tubing as you are bending it. But, the

frequency of design a little bit higher than
the desired.
2. Construction of 10-element Yagi
antenna
2.1. Dipole folding
Exceptionally, the simplest critical
dimension appears to be the whole length
(see Figure no. 2). The second most vital
dimension is probably the tubing diameter,
however each of these are much less vital
for a folded dipole than for an undeniable
rod dipole or Yagi directors. The distance
between the two arms of the ‘trombone’ can
range among pretty wide limits, that are a
wonderful comfort for the one who makes
the design.
former could be not anything more complex
than a quick sawn-off length of mast of
antenna, secured to the wood base of the jig
by way of a few strong nails down the
inside.
The reason of back rail is to help the
direct part of the tubing, and ensure that the
bend begins with the tubing held strongly
onto the former. In case you are utilizing a
grooved former, you will need to offer a
packing strip in order to make the tubing
enter the groove at the right peak. It is also
beneficial to round-off the bottom end, if
you need to utilize a mallet in order to
persuade the tubing to go round the former.
 F
Figure no 3:
3 Making off bending jiig

2.3. Dipole enclosure an nd wiring terrminals, andd soldering of the braiid to the
Foor the encllosure, a plastic
p circuular othher terminaal are donee. The dipoles are
conduit is used too create hoousing for the fasstened to thhe circular conduit to make it
dipole ends.
e The center
c of thee dipole haas a rig
gid. Solderinng is done as shown in n Figure
relativelly low-im mpedance area, a so the noo. 4. Care is taken tto ensure that the
plastic grade
g is nott critical. Sooldering of the co
oaxial braidss and the ccores are keept apart
center core
c of thee coaxial to t one of the to avoid shortt circuiting tthe system.

Figuure no. 4: Wiring

W construction dettails

2.4. Paraboliic reflector constructioon Thhe parabolaa is perforaated to incrrease the

Paarabolic reflector
r diameter is fro
ont to backk ratio of thhe antenna system.
315mmm. Two kindds of paraboolic dishes are Thhere is no particular oorder in wh hich the
used: onne which iss plain (withhout drillinngs) peerforations are done nnor are thee whole
and another
a w
which is perforatted. diaameters significant
s for our study.


A compparison is to t be donee with a plain forrward gainn of the antenna. This is
paraboliic dish to coompare the effects on the illu
ustrated in Figure
F no. 55.

Figurre no. 5: Peerforated pa

arabolic refflector

2.5. Insulatioon Figgure no. 6 shows the insulation type

t that
Pllastic insulaations are used to prevvent is tailor made
m to suit the antenna
boom from
f cominng into conntact with the specificationss. Some force has to be
dipole and the directors.
d W
Without theem, mployed in fitting thee directors and the
em
there would be connductivity inn the boom m of booom into thhe insulator since they
y did not
the anteenna whichh would make m the poolar haave a perfectt finish.
diagram
ms very noisyy and difficuult to interpret.

Figure no. 6: Plastic insulator

i fo
or the dipolee and boom
m


 3.. Simulation results Th
he parameteers are loadeed into the program
p
U
Using the caalculated diirector lenggths an
nd the simuulation is ddone. The window
and thee table off different spacing, the ving the deescription oof the Yagi antenna
giv
followinng simulatioons are carrried out usiing an
nd its various properrties is sh hown in
the proggram EZNE EC-Demo-V V5.0. Fig
gure no. 7.

Figurre no. 7: Fuull descriptio

on of the anntenna

Thhe window required

r inpputting the ellement lengtths and spaccing is show
wn in Figure no. 8.

Figuure no. 8: Element

E leng
gths and spaacing


 The antenna is depicted from the data given as shown in Figure no. 9.

Figure no. 9: 10-element Yagi antenna simulation

3.1. Radiation patterns

3.1.1. Azimuth plot
The azimuth plot pattern is shown in Figure no. 10, while, Table no. 1 shows the
various parameters of the azimuth plot.

Figure no. 10: Azimuth plot pattern

Table no. 1
Various parameters of the azimuth plot
Elevation angle 0.0 deg
Outer Ring 9.97 dBi
3D Max gain 9.97 dBi
Slice Max gain 9.97 dBi @ Az angle = 0.0 deg
Front/Back 18.36 dB
Beamwidth 43.1deg; -3dB @338.5, 21.6 deg
Sidelobe gain -4.19 dBi @Az angle=215.0 deg
Front/Sidelobe 14.16 dB


 3.1.2. Elevation type plot
The elevation type plot is shown in Figure no. 11, while, Table no. 2 shows elevation
slice parameters.

Figure no. 11: Elevation type plot

Table no. 2
Elevation slice parameters

Azimuth angle 0.0 deg

Outer Ring 9.97 dB
3D Max gain 9.97 dB
Slice Max gain 9.97 dBi @Elev angle=0.0 deg
Front/Back 18.36 dB
Beamwidth 49.36 deg; -3dB @335.2, 24.8 deg
Sidelobe gain 2.6 dB i@Elev angle=65.0 deg
Front/Sidelobe 7.37 dB

The three dimensional (3D) plot of the azimuth is shown in Figure no. 12.

Figure no.12: 3D azimuth plot


 3.2. Standing wave ratio (SWR)
Using a 75 ohm coaxial line feed and
a frequency range from 487 MHz to
799 MHz, SWR plot is obtained as shown
in Figure no. 13. Under normal analysis, the
SWR is chosen for the center frequency of
the antenna in question. From the graph, we
can deduce that at 640 MHz, the SWR is
approximately 1.8.

Figure no. 13: SWR plot

3.3. Testing on Samsung TV set
Our paper has involved the research,
design and simulation of a 10 element Yagi
antenna which is successful when tested on
a Samsung TV set. All channels are found
to give clear reception.
4. Conclusion
Yagi-Uda antennas play an important
role in various modern wireless
communication technologies, because of
their properties like low cross polarization
level, moderate gain and high radiation
efficiency. In this paper, a 10-element Yagi
antenna was successfully designed and
simulated. The simulation results coincided
with the theoretical results. The antenna
was successfully tested on Samsung TV set.

REFERENCES

Jiang, W., Jin, Y., Wang, T., Huang, Y., & Wang, G. (2018). 3-D printed X-band
Yagi-Uda antenna. IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium, USA.
Kittiyanpunya, C., & Krairiksh, M. (2014). Pattern reconfigurable printed Yagi-Uda
antenna. IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation Conference
Proceedings, Taiwan.
Reddy, P. (2018). Directional Yagi Uda antenna for VHF applications. International
Journal of Advancements in Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 3, 1-3.
Shah, S., & Lim, S. (2016). High gain Yagi-Uda origami antenna. IEEE International
Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Japan.
Wang, Z., & Liu, X. (2014). A novel design of folded dipole for broadband printed
Yagi-Uda antenna. Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 46, 23-30.