GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

College of Engineering
COE 3001 I — Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Spring Semester 2016
HOMEWORK #4 SOLUTION KEY

Problem 1

A copper wire having diameter with the ends d  4 mm is bent into a circle and held d = diameter
just touching (see figure).
(a) If the maximum permissible strain in the copper is max  0.0024, what is the L = length
shortest length L of wire that can be used?
(b) If L  5.5 m, what is the maximum acceptable diameter of the wire if the maximum
normal strain must remain below yield? Assume E  120 GPa and sY  300 MPa.

Solution:

d d
2 2 pd
  
r L L
2p
L pd
(a) max  0.0024 r  d  4 mm Lmin   5.24 m ;
2p max

sY
(b) E  120 GPa sY  300 MPa Y   2.5 * 103 L  5.5 m
E
Y L
dmax   4.38 mm ;
p

Problem 2

A fiberglass pipe is lifted by a sling, as shown in the figure. The outer

diameter of the pipe is 6.0 in., its thickness is 0.25 in., and its weight density
is 0.053 lb/in.3 The length of the pipe is L  36 ft and the distance between
lifting points is s  11 ft.
(a) Determine the maximum bending stress in the pipe due to its own
weight.
(b) Find the spacing s between lift points which will minimize the
bending stress. What is the minimum bending stress? s
(c) What spacing s will lead to maximum bending stress? What is that
stress? L

Solution:

NUMERICAL DATA AND CROSS-SECTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PIPE

1d 2  d1 22  4.516 in.2
p
L  36 ft d2  6 in. t  0.25 in. d1  d2  2 t  5.5 in. A 
4 2
Ls
1d 4  d1 42  18.699 in.4
lb lb p
g  0.053 q  g A  0.239 s  11 ft a  12.5 ft I 
in.3 in. 2 64 2
78572_ch05_ptg01_hr_435-556.qxd 1/21/12 4:25 AM Page 448

BENDING-MOMENT DIAGRAM

qa2
M1    2,692.7 lb-in.
2

a  sb  2,171.4 lb-in.
qL L
M2  
4 2
Mmax  2,692.7 lb-in.
(a) MAXIMUM BENDING STRESS
Mmaxc d2
smax  c  3.0 in.
1 2
12,692.7 lb- in.213.0 in.2
smax   432 psi ;
18.699 in.4
(Tension on top)
(b) IF M1 M2  0, THE BENDING STRESS IS MINIMIZED

Ls 2
a b
q L L
M11s2  q M21s2  a  sb Let M1 1s2 + M2 1s2  0 solving s  0.58579 L
2
2 4 2

M1 10.58579 L2  0.021446 L2 q M2 10.58579 L2  0.021447 L2 q s  21.1 ft

MINIMUM BENDING STRESS

d2 M11s2  c M21s21c2
c s min1   153.692 psi s min2   153.701 psi smin  s min1  153.7 psi
2 I I

Compare to solution for stresses in Part (a):

M1 111 ft2 c M2111 ft21c2
s max1   432 psi s max2   348 psi
I I
(c) EITHER M1,max (S  0) OR M2,max (S  L) WILL LEAD TO MAXIMUM BENDING STRESS

q L2 q L2 c
(1) Support at L/2 so 1/2 of beam is a cantilever with max. moment so  895.795 psi
8 8 I
M1102 c M21021c2
and s max1   895.795 psi s max2   895.795 psi
I I
q L2
(2) OR simply supported beam (s  L) under uniform load, so max. moment is once again
8
M11L2 (c) M21L2 (c)
and s max1   0 psi s max2   895.795 psi
I I
^ moment is zero ^ moment is qL2/8 at L/2
at pin support
so maximum bending stress is smax  896 psi
Problem 3

A simple beam AB of span length L  24 ft is subjected to two wheel loads P P

d
acting at distance d  5 ft apart (see figure).
Each wheel transmits a load P  3.0 k, and the carriage may
occupy any position on the beam. A B C

(a) Determine the maximum bending stress max due to the

wheel loads if the beam is an I-beam having section mod-
ulus S  16.2 in.3 L
(b) If d  5 ft, find the required span length L to reduce the
maximum stress in part (a) to 18 ksi.
(c) If L  24 ft, find the required wheel spacing s to reduce the
maximum stress in part (a) to 18 ksi.

Solution:

NUMERICAL DATA L  24 ft d  5 ft P  3 kip P P

L d x d
x   10.75 ft
2 4
d A B
x +  13.25 ft S  16.2 in.3
2
MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT RA L
P P P
RA  L  x + (L  x  d)  (2L  d  2x)
L L L
P dM P L d
M  RA x  (2L x  dx  2x2)  (2L  d  4x)  0 x  
L dx L 2 4

(a) SUBSTITUTE x INTO THE EQUATION FOR M:

d 2
aL  b
P
Mmax 
2L 2
MAXIMUM BENDING STRESS
d 2
aL  b
Mmax P
smax   ;
S 2LS 2
Substitute numerical values:

1288 in.  30 in.22

3k
smax 
21288 in.2 116.2 in.32
 21.4 ksi ;

(b) MAX. MOMENT AND STRESS EXPRESSIONS FROM ABOVE

d 2 d 2
aL  b smax 1L, d2  aL  b
P P
Mmax 
2L 2 2LS 2

Set smax expression equal to 18 ksi, then solve for L; only first solution below is valid.
78572_ch05_ptg01_hr_435-556.qxd 1/21/12 4:25 AM Page 452

Pd + 36S ksi + 622 2S ksi (Pd + 18S ksi)

d 2
a L  b  18 ksi solving for L  ≥ ¥ a b ft Lreqd  20.9 ft
P 2P 20.901
2L S 2 Pd + 36S ksi  622 2S ksi (Pd + 18S ksi) 0.299
2P
(c) IF L  24 FT, FIND REQUIRED WHEEL SPACING d TO REDUCE THE MAXIMUM STRESS IN (A) TO 18 KSI
Set smax expression equal to 18 ksi, then solve for d:
d 2
aL  b  18 ksi Solving gives d  2 L  12
P LS
 8.564 ft so dreqd  8.56 ft
2LS 2 B P

Problem 4

Each girder of the lift bridge (see figure) is 180 ft long and
simply supported at the ends. The design load for each girder is a
uniform load of intensity 1.6 k/ft. The girders are fabricated by
welding three steel plates so as to form an I-shaped cross section
(see figure) having section modulus S  3600 in.3.

What is the maximum bending stress smax in a girder due

to the uniform load?

Solution:

L  180 ft q  1.6 k/ft S  3600 in.3

qL2 Mmax qL2
Mmax  smax  
8 S 8S

(1.6 k/ft)(180 ft)2(12 in./ft)

smax   21.6 ksi ;
8(3600 in.3)

Problem 5

A cantilever beam AB is loaded by a couple M0 at its free end (see figure). The length of the
beam is L  2.0 m, and the longitudinal normal strain at the top surface is   0.0010.
The distance from the top surface of the beam to the neutral surface is A d
c  85 mm.
B
(a) Calculate the radius of curvature r, the curvature k, and the vertical deflection d at L M0
the end of the beam.
(b) If allowable strain a  0.0008, what is the maximum acceptable depth of the
beam? (Assume that the curvature is unchanged from Part (a)).
(c) If allowable strain a  0.0008, c  85 mm, and L  4 m, what is deflection d?
78572_ch05_ptg01_hr_435-556.qxd 1/21/12 4:25 AM Page 438

Solution:

Let b  40 mm.

(a)   0.0010 c  85 mm L2m h  2c  170 mm E  210 GPa

bh3
so M0a  E a b   40.46 kN # m
c 1 1
r  85 m   0.01176
 r m 12

 0.02353 d  L tan a b
L u d L
u d  23.5 mm  0.012  84.996
r 2 L d
or d  r 11  cos1u22  23.5 mm
(b) b  0.0008 cmax  rb  68 mm hmax  2cmax  136 mm ASSUMES THAT CURVATURE IS SAME AS IN (a)

bh max3
so M0b  E a b   20.716 kN # m
12
ALTERNATE SOLUTION: assume that APPLIED MOMENT M0 is SAME AS IN (A) (minus sign cancels in final result)

a  a bc
M0 EIa
so M0  
EIa a ca a
b 12cb23
Ib b b
b  a bc a bc
M0 EIb 12
cb   cb  cb 
b12ca2
or c
EIb b M0 b Ia a a 3 a a
c d
12
b 12 cb23
b c3b b a 2 a
a b ca  2
12
cb  so c2b  ca or cb  ca
b 12 ca2 3 a ca a b A b
c d
12

hb  2 cb hb  2 185 mm2  190.1 mm where cb  185 mm2

0.0010 0.0010
 95.033 mm
C 0.0008 C 0.0008
hb
or  95.033 mm
2
Now in alternate solution:
b 1170 mm23 b 1hb23
Ec d Ec d
10.00102  40.46 kN # m 10.00082  40.46 kN # m
12 12
M0a  M0b 
85 mm hb
2
c L
(c) L  4 m a  0.0008 r  106.25 m u  0.038
a r

d  L tan a b d  75.3 mm or d  r 11  cos 1u22  75.285 mm

u
2
d L
 0.019  53.131
L d