ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF་BHUTAN འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འཛིན་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སློབ་སྡེ

GEDU COLLEGE OF BUSINESS དགེ་་འདུ་ཚོང་རིག་མཐོ་རིམ་སླབ་གྲཱ

STUDIES
དགེ་འདུ་ ཆུ་ཁ།
GEDU: CHUKHA

MGT102: Individual Assignment

Submitted by: RinchenDema

03200269

Common Foundation G
 DECLARATION FORM

Module Code: MGT102 Module: Management Theory and Practice

Module Tutor: Mr.TandinChophelType of Course Work: Individual Assignment

Date of Submission: 22/04/2021

I hereby declare that this academic work is my own and those derived from other sources have been
appropriately acknowledged. I understand that if found otherwise, my academic work will be
cancelled and no mark will be awarded besides the legal consequences.

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Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................1
Bureaucratic Theory....................................................................................................................................2
Criticisms.................................................................................................................................................2
Significant Contribution...........................................................................................................................2
Relevancy in the present context of Organizational Management..........................................................2
Theory of Scientific Management................................................................................................................3
Criticism...................................................................................................................................................3
Significant Contribution...........................................................................................................................3
Relevancy in the present context of Organization Management............................................................3
Differences between two theories..............................................................................................................4
Similarities between two theories...............................................................................................................4
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................5
Bibliography................................................................................................................................................6
 Introduction
In general management means “getting things done through other people”. The theory of
management was first developed somewhere in 19th and 20th century when organizations faces
the challenges in management to manage the production, people and process even though it was
not experienced before. It has their own origin in the industrial revolution when there was
development in technology, growing population, expanding trade and markets. The theory comes
into existence when there was problem arises in organizing raw material, manufacturing, and
many more. The theory includes:

1. Bureaucratic Theory
2. Theory of Scientific management.

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Bureaucratic Theory.
Max Weber, a German scientist Defines bureaucracy as a highly structured, formalized,
and also an impersonal organization. Weber was the founder of the modern sociology and
a greatest scholar among the pioneers of administrative thought. As organizational
become larger and more complex, the authoritarian-paternalistic pattern gave way to
increased functional specialization with many layers of middle and lower management
for coordinating organizational effort (Sridhar, 2016). His management is based on six
principles: A formal hierarchical structure, Rules-based management, Functional
specialty organization, Up-focused or In-focused Mission, Impersonal and Employment-
based on Technical Qualifications.

Criticisms
Following are the main reason for the failure of Bureaucratic theory:
 The emphasis is made based on rules and regulations.
 There may be pointless delay in decision making because of formalities and
guidelines of bureaucracy organizational.
 Coordination and communication are affected.
 It is more suitable in government organization than business organization due to
large formalities and guidelines.

Significant Contribution
Thistheorymade the most significant contribution, to control his conceptofauthority structure and
his description of businesses is primarily based on the scope of authority connection with them.

Relevancy in the present context of Organizational Management

Despite the criticism for dehumanizing, bureaucracy as a particular style of management remains
relevant and necessary to contemporary organizations, especially to those characterized by large-

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scale size, routine task and to those performance of which is essentially and vitally relies on high
degree of hierarchy and formalization of bureaucratic form (Adler, 1999).

Theory of Scientific Management.

This idea was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in 1880s and 1890s. It is the
theory of management that study and combine workflows, improving labor efficiency and
productivity. He is known as the modern scientific management(UkEssays, 2018).
Basically his management is based on four principles: Gathering of the traditional
knowledge of the workman: record and codify it, scientific selection of the workman and
his progressive development, bringing together the trained workman and the scientific
approach and teamwork between management and workmen.

Criticism
Scientific management theory is criticized under following reasons: Firstly,no man is
‘monetary man’ and man’s behavior is now no longer simplest through monetary wishes;
however other wishes like social wishes, safety wishes(Taylor, july 8,1997). Hence, it is
not true that monetary incentives are not strong enough to inspire employees. Secondly,
separation between making plan and working and greater specialization inborn within the
machine have a tendency to reduce the want for ability and produce monotony in work.
Lastly, due to advancement in technology and methods removed employees resulting in
resentment from them.

Significant Contribution
One of the most significant contributions of scientific management is to increase the
efficiency or productivity. It focuses on the work done by employee in an organization
so; basically it is making the workers efficient.

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Relevancy in the present context of Organization Management
Many of the organization in this era have adopted this theory for the better operation of
their business. Example: The American fast food restaurant that is known worldwide
because of its advanced management skills.

Differences between two theories

Bureaucratic Theory Theory of scientific management

This theory focus on making a specialty of This theory is primarily based on the use of
hierarchies and tight project roles. statistic and human strengths to growth
production.
Weber believes in impersonality. Taylor thinks that management should be
involved with their workers as much as
they can.
Strict rules and regulations Division of responsibility and authority

Similarities between two theories

 Both the theories aim is to minimize the cost and maximize the output or
production.
 Both are common in manufacturing and industrial space, where production is
calculated and monitored carefully.
 Both of them believe that employees in the organizational should do the work that
they are best equipped to.
 Both theory aims in building relationship between employee and manager.

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 Conclusion
So, after going through this management theory proposed by different great philosopher, it can
be concluded that they have different views on management but their aim for studying
management is to manage the organization and to increase the productivity. Moreover
management is universally applicable and it is very important in our day to day life.

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Bibliography
Adler, P. S. (1999). Academy of Management Executive. Building better bureucracies, 13 (4).

Administrative, Scientific and Bureaucratic Management Theories Overview. (2019, july 26).
Retrieved from http://www.ukessays.com

Kitana, D. (june 2016). Indian Journal of Managemant Science. Overwiew of thw Managerial
thoughts and theories from the history: classical management theory to modern management
theory., VI (1).

Sridhar, M. S. (2016). Schools of Management Thought.

Taylor, F. W. (july 8,1997). The Principles of Scientific Mangement. New York: Dover
Publications .

UkEssays. (2018, November). evaluating the evalution of management. Retrieved from

hhpt://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/evaluting-the-evalution-of management-theory-
business-essay

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