PERAN KEJAKSAAN REPUBLIK

INDONESIA

DISUSUN OLEH:

KELOMPOK 4

(02) Abdiel Silalahi

(10) Dwi Situmorang

(11) Faustina Marbun

(29) Raymondus Manik

XII IPS 1

SMA RK BUDI MULIA PEMATANGSIANTAR

TAHUN AJARAN 2022/2023
A. The Meaning
Cause (sebab) and effect (akibat) is a relationship between events or things, where on
is the result of the other or others. This is a combination of action and reaction.
The social function is to determine how various phenomena relate in terms of origin
or result.

B. The Structure
1. Introduction
 Background information: some general information about the topic to set
the contex of your essay
 Thesis statements: the most important part of an essay
2. Body
 Topic sentence: the main idea of your paragraph
 Supporting sentence: these sentences represent the different causes,
effects, and solution. Fact/example
3. Conclusion
 Re-state thesis: using simple present perfect
 Summary: the main idea from your body paragraph
 Final thought optimal: final thought or opinion on the topic

C. The Language Features

1. We use the certain words and phrases: due to, because of, because, for, owing to,
thanks to, as a consequence of, as a result of, as
2. Use effect + signal word/phrase + cause
3. If cause and effect text is followed by subject + verb or verb phrase, then usually
use a word or phrase (signal/phrase) such as: since, as, for and follow the
following (phrase + cause + effect) and also pattern ( effect + phrase + cause)

D. Example

HOMELESSNESS
The homeless epidemic is a serious problem in nearly every major city across the
country. According to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development, there
are over 500,000 people experiencing homelessness on any given night. It’s a difficult
challenge to tackle precisely because it is so multi-faceted, both in terms of its causes
and its far-reaching effects. Homelessness affects not only the people who must
struggle to survive on the street, but also the business owners or residents in the
neighborhoods. Petty crime and drug abuse are common. While many factors have
contributed to the rise in homeless rates, one of the most profound is the lack of
adequate social support services. (INTRODUCTION)

By definition, a homeless person is someone without a permanent home. They may

seek shelter in parking garages, ATM vestibules, and subway stations. On a purely
practical level, if a city can provide enough homeless shelters and other forms of
affordable housing, the people who would otherwise sleep on the streets can sleep far
more safely with a consistent roof over their heads. Social support services, whether
they are funded publicly or privately, would be able to tackle many of the immediate
and long-term challenges that face people experiencing homelessness. In addition to
providing adequate and reliable shelter, services like drug counselling, treatment for
physical or emotional abuse, and career counselling can address some of the factors
that lead to homelessness. The individual stories of each person going through
homelessness will vary. What is often found, though, is that the homelessness came
about because of a series of events. A person may unexpectedly lose their job, which
may lead to family problems at home, which may lead to drug abuse as a coping
mechanism, which may lead to further financial stress, and so on. Appropriate social
services at any point in this process may be able to prevent homelessness from
becoming this person’s reality. (CAUSES)

The effects of homelessness are equally complex and can be mirror images of the root
causes. Because the person is experiencing homelessness, this may put profound
strain on personal relationships. Drug abuse can become an issue, as the person seeks
some way of coping with the pain and hardship of living on the streets. This leads to a
downward spiral that drives the person deeper and deeper into the depths of crippling
poverty and isolation. The impact extends well beyond the individual, too. As
homelessness becomes an increasingly visible issue in a neighborhood, home values
 can plummet. Middle and working class families may move out, providing a bigger
opening for various forms of crime. Businesses may close as the area becomes too
prone to theft and property crime. (EFFECT)

Every city, every neighborhood faces unique challenges when it comes to

homelessness. While the specific root causes can vary between individuals, the lack of
adequate social services is a leading contributor. The right social services can address,
reduce or even remove some of these other underlying causes. With powerful effects
for both the individual and society at large, homelessness is a pressing issue and one
that must be approached with tact and compassion. (CONCLUSION)

E. Social function based on the text “Homelesseness” to explain the effect of

homelessenses

F. Language feature based on the text “Homelesseness” using words and phrase such as:
Because
1. It’s a difficult challenge to tackle precisely because it is so multi-faceted
2. Because the person is experiencing homelessness, this may put profound strain on personal
relationships
Because of
What is often found, though, is that the homelessness came about because of a series of
events.
For
1. In addition to providing adequate and reliable shelter, services like drug
counselling, treatment for physical or emotional abuse
2. With powerful effects for both the individual and society at large, homelessness is
a pressing issue and one that must be approached with tact and compassion.
As
1. Drug abuse can become an issue, as the person seeks some way of coping with the pain
and hardship of living on the streets.
2. As homelessness becomes an increasingly visible issue in a neighborhood, home
values can plummet.