Analogy to Show Relationships of Words

This is good to know . . .

Analogy is a pair of terms that has common relationship. In most cases, you will not only determine the
common relationship between each pair but you will also have to identify which term makes up each pair. Usually,
you are given two terms in the format A : B, which could be read as A related to B (Barbacena, et. al., 2010).
Example:
(A) : (B)
kitchen : house - Kitchen and House are related since kitchen
is part of the house.
Writers use analogy to connect unfamiliar words or new ideas with common and familiar objects. It functions
as description or explanation of one thing by examining its similarities and differences and forces the reader to
understand the connection between them. Using this technique, vocabulary skills as well as speed in reading
comprehension are enhanced.

Types of Relationships in Analogy

1. Part to Whole
A relationship in analogy in which one term is part of the other term.
Example: eyes : face (The eyes are part of the face.)
2. Cause and Effect
A relationship in analogy in which one term is the result of the other term.
Example: she wanted to buy a dress : she went to the mall
(She wanted to buy a dress so she went to the mall.)
3. Person to Situation
A relationship in analogy in which one term is the work place of the other.
Example: saleslady : mall (A saleslady works in a mall.)
4. Synonym
A relationship in analogy in which both terms have the same meaning.
Example: little : small (Both terms mean the same.)
5. Antonym
A relationship in analogy in which the terms are opposite in meaning.
Example: elegant : unattractive (The words have opposite meaning.)
6. Geography
A relationship in analogy in which one of the terms can be situated in the other.
Example: shopping mall : city (Shopping mall is found in the city.)
7. Time
A relationship in analogy in which both terms speak of time element.
Example:
morning : evening (Both indicate time.)

Genres of Viewing
Our daily living highly involves visual media such that the television and online platform allows us to become
active in the modern way of communicating around the world. We see advertisements, films, diagrams, symbols,
photographs, videos, drama, drawings, sculpture and paintings in a daily basis that pave way to developing the viewing
skill, as the fifth macro skill of learning English language.

Viewing helps you understand the message by seeking and checking understanding. It is classified according to
its purpose and type of information presented. The classification of viewing is called genres of viewing.
 5 Genres of Viewing

1. NEWS FLASH-The information conveyed in a newsflash is important enough for viewers to take a quick break. For example, a
typhoon with heavy rain would come to your place, a timely news will interrupt your favorite television shows like teleserye and
movies.
2. WEATHER REPORT, which is a part of an entire news program that updates and foretells weather conditions on a specific area.
Weather forecasts are made by collecting data about the current state of the atmosphere at a given place. When you wanted to know
the weather for the next day, you could watch the news program’s weather report to be updated.
3. INTERNET-BASED PROGRAM also provides the viewers informative shows that can be accessed through websites using internet
connection. Netflix, iWant TV, and many more internet-based programs provide shows that are highly dependent to the internet. It
would also require accessing through desktop computers, laptops, and smart phones.
4. MOVIE TRAILERS oftentimes, when there are upcoming movies, there are series of selected shots that are shown in television or
internet. As these movie trailers attract you because of its exciting, funny, or noteworthy parts of the film, these are usually short to
avoid spoilers.
5. DOCUMENTARY is a genre of viewing that is based on research. You can usually see it in long duration. As it is lengthy, it has the
ability to bring us a broader, more deeply engaged and wider view of the current issues.

Activity: Connected To The Target !

Determine the type of relationship expressed in the pair of words given. Choose your answer from the box.

Part to Whole Person to Situation Antonym

Synonym Geography Time Cause and Effect

1. Big : Small :: Full : Empty Relationship: _________________

2. Leaves : Tree :: Sand : Sea Relationship: _________________
3. Volcanic Eruption : Earthquake :: El Niño : Drought Relationship: __________________
4. Luzon : Manila :: Mindanao : Davao Relationship: __________________
5. Year : Month :: Week : Day Relationship: __________________
6. Huge : Big :: Narrow : Slim Relationship: __________________
7. Pilot : Airplane :: Priest : Church Relationship: __________________
8. Page : Book :: Ink : Ballpen Relationship: _________________
9. Tired : Sleep :: Hungry : Eat Relationship: _________________
10. Teacher : School :: Doctor : Hospital Relationship: __________________

Activity 2: Give an example of each genre that you watch on television or via online.
NEWS FLASH
WEATHER REPORT
INTERNET BASED PROGRAM
MOVIE TRAILERS
DOCUMENTARY
Language Connections
A subject is a part of a sentence that contains the person, place, thing
or idea performing the action in a sentence.
In the sentences above, the underlined words documentary, news flash,
and reports are the subject of each sentence while the boxed words contains,
teaches, are and is written are called verbs.
Verbs are the action words in a sentence that describe what the subject
is doing. Some verbs can function as main verbs or helping verbs also called
an auxiliary verb.

Basic Rule on Subject – Verb Agreement

 Subjects and verbs must agree in number.
A singular subject needs a singular verb; a plural subject
needs a plural verb.

Ms. Salig is a doctor by profession. Good leaders are open-minded.

subject verb subject verb
Basic Pattern

Singular Plural
First person I walk we walk
Second person you walk you walk
Third person he/she/it walks they walk

Examples:
Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a threat to all people worldwide.

Overseas Filipinos are allowed to return home provided they submit

themselves for quarantine.

World Health Organization (WHO) advises people of all ages to

take steps to protect themselves from the virus.

Senior citizens appear to be more vulnerable to becoming severely

ill with the virus.

ACTIVITY 3 Read the following sentences about the points to ponder for genres of viewing. Choose the correct form of
the verb inside the parentheses.
1. Viewing (is,are) an active process of comprehending visual media, such as in television and online platform
wherein there (is, are) advertising images, films, diagrams, symbols, photographs, videos, drama, drawings,
sculpture and paintings.
2. Viewing (help, helps) us acquire information and appreciate ideas that visually communicated by others.
On television,news flash (is, are) an important, timely piece of news that (is,are) delivered quickly that could interrupt the
currently aired program.
3. Weather reports (is,are) part of a television program that (feature, features) a prediction of a specific place’s
weather observation.
4. Any informative program or show that (is, are) accessed through a website in an online platform (is, are) called
internet-based program.
5. Movie trailers(is, are)short clips that are usually shown before a movie (is, are) officiallyreleased.
6. A research-based compilation of information about a certain subject (is, are) a documentary.