Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MAJOR CONCEPTS
• The theory explains the purpose of nursing is to help others identify their felt difficulties.
• Nurses should apply principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of
experience.
• Peplau's theory explains the phases of interpersonal process, roles in nursing situations and
methods for studying nursing as an interpersonal process.
• Nursing is therapeutic in that it is a healing art, assisting an individual who is sick or in need of
health care.
• Nursing is an interpersonal process because it involves interaction between two or more
individuals with a common goal.
• The attainment of goal is achieved through the use of a series of steps following a series of
pattern.
• The nurse and patient work together so both become mature and knowledgeable in the process.
DEFINITIONS
• Person: A developing organism that tries to reduce anxiety caused by needs.
• Environment: Existing forces outside the organism and in the context of culture
• Health: A word symbol that implies forward movement of personality and other
ongoing human processes in the direction
of creative, constructive, productive, personal and community living.
• Nursing: A significant therapeutic interpersonal process. It functions
cooperatively with other human process that make health possible for individuals
in communities.
ROLES OF NURSE
• Stranger: receives the client in the same way one meets a stranger in other life
situations provides an accepting climate that builds trust.
• Teacher: who imparts knowledge in reference to a need or interest
• Resource Person : one who provides a specific needed information that aids in
the understanding of a problem or new situation
• Counselors : helps to understand and integrate the meaning of current life
circumstances ,provides guidance and encouragement to make changes
• Surrogate: helps to clarify domains of dependence interdependence and
independence and acts on clients behalf as an advocate.
• Leader : helps client assume maximum responsibility for meeting treatment goals
in a mutually satisfying way
Additional Roles include:
1. Technical expert
2. Consultant
3. Health teacher
4. Tutor
5. Socializing agent
6. Safety agent
7. Manager of environment
8. Mediator
9. Administrator
10. Recorder observer
11. Researcher
1. Orientation
2. Identification
3. Exploitation
4. Resolution
ORIENTATION PHASE
• Problem defining phase
• Starts when client meets nurse as stranger
• Defining problem and deciding type of service needed
• Client seeks assistance ,conveys needs ,asks questions, shares preconceptions and expectations
of past experiences
• Nurse responds, explains roles to client, helps to identify problems and to use available
resources and services
FACTORS INFLUENCING ORIENTATION PHASE
IDENTIFICATION PHASE
• Selection of appropriate professional assistance
• Patient begins to have a feeling of belonging and a capability of dealing with the
problem which decreases the feeling of helplessness and hopelessness
EXPLOITATION PHASE
• Use of professional assistance for problem solving alternatives
• Advantages of services are used is based on the needs and interests of the
patients
• Nurse aids the patient in exploiting all avenues of help and progress is made
towards the final step
RESOLUTION PHASE
• Termination of professional relationship
• The patients needs have already been met by the collaborative effect of patient
and nurse
• Now they need to terminate their therapeutic relationship and dissolve the links
between them.
• Patient drifts away and breaks bond with nurse and healthier emotional balance is
demonstrated and both becomes mature individuals
• Both use problem solving techniques for the nurse and patient to collaborate on,
with the end purpose of meeting the patients needs
Orientation
Assessment • Non continuous data collection
• Data collection and analysis [continuous] • Felt need
• May not be a felt need • Define needs
Nursing diagnosis
Planning Identification
• Mutually set goals • Interdependent goal setting
Implementation
• Plans initiated towards achievement of mutually
set goals Exploitation
• May be accomplished by patient , nurse or • Patient actively seeking and drawing help
family • Patient initiated
Evaluation Resolution
• Based on mutually expected behaviors • Occurs after other phases are completed
• May led to termination and initiation of new successfully
plans • Leads to termination a
• Applicability
• The nurse patient interaction can apply to the concepts of human being,
health, environment and nursing.
• Theories must be logical in nature -
• Key concepts such as anxiety, tension, goals, and frustration are indicated
with explicit relationships among them and progressive phases
• Generalizability
This theory provides simplicity in regard to the natural progression of the NP relationship.
Theories must be consistent with other validated theories, laws, and principles but will leave open
unanswered questions that need to be investigated.
LIMITATIONS
• Personal space considerations and community social service resources are
considered less.
• Health promotion and maintenance were less emphasized
• Cannot be used in a patient who doesn’t have a felt need eg. With drawn patients,
unconscious patients