COLLEGE OF NURSING PIMS

TOPIC: HILDEGARD E.PEPLAU THEORY

GROUP# 07

GROUP MEMBERS:
Muhammad Javed
Sana Tanveer SUBMITTED TO:
Ammara Shaukat Mrs. Ayesha Guffran
Jehan Badshah Dated: 31/08/2023
HILDEGARD ELIZABETH PEPLAU
(1909-1999)
objectives
• Introduction
• Describe Peplau’s Background and Biography
• Define Interpersonal Relationship in Nursing
• Identify Major Assumptions and Metaparadigm
• Describe the Phases of Interpersonal Relationship
• Identify Applications of Interpersonal Theory in Nursing Process
• Define Peplau’s six nursing roles
• Identify Strengths and Weaknesses in Peplau’s Theory
• Describe Relevant Case Study
• Summary
 introduction
• Hildegard E. Peplau (1909–1999) was a notable
nursing theorist and psychiatric nurse
• She is best known for her work in developing
the Interpersonal Relations Theory, which
emphasized the nurse-patient relationship as a
crucial factor in the healing process.
• Peplau's theory laid the foundation for the
modern concept of therapeutic nurse-patient
interactions, significantly impacting the field of
nursing and patient care.
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be attentive
Hildegard e peplau is known as

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interpersonal relationship
In the context of nursing and Hildegard
E. Peplau's theory, interpersonal
relationships specifically pertain to the
interactions between nurses and
patients. These relationships involve
the establishment of rapport, trust, and
effective communication to facilitate
the patient's physical and emotional
well-being. The quality of the nurse-
patient interpersonal relationship can
significantly impact the patient's overall
health outcomes and experience of
care
major concepts of interpersonal relation theory
Person:
Peplau viewed the person as an individual with
unique experiences, emotions, and needs. She
emphasized the importance of understanding the
patient's perspective, history, and feelings to
provide effective care.
Environment:
Peplau recognized the influence of the environment
on a person's health and well-being. This includes
both the physical and psychological surroundings in
which the patient exists, as well as the
interpersonal relationships they engage in.
cont…
Health: Peplau's concept of health extended
beyond mere absence of illness. She saw
health as a continuum, where individuals strive
to achieve their maximum potential for well-
being and functioning.
Nursing: Central to Peplau's theory is the idea
that nursing is an interpersonal process
involving therapeutic interactions between the
nurse and the patient. The nurse takes on roles
of counselor, teacher, and resource person to
facilitate the patient's growth and healing.
again be attentive
Which concept of the nursing
paradigm does Peplau not
comment on directly?
• A. Person
• B. Society
• C. Health
major assumptions
Hildegard Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory’s
assumptions are:
• Nurse and the patient can interact.
• Peplau emphasized that both the patient and nurse mature
as the result of the therapeutic interaction.
• Communication and interviewing skills remain fundamental
nursing tools.
• Peplau believed that nurses must clearly understand
themselves to promote their client’s growth and avoid
limiting their choices to those that nurses value.
phases of interpersonal relationships

orientation phase
• Problem defining phase
• It starts when the client meets the nurse as a
stranger.
• Defining the problem and deciding the type of
service needed
• Client seeks assistance, conveys needs, asks
questions, shares preconceptions and expectations of
past experiences.
• Nurse responds, explains roles to the client, identifies
problems, and uses available resources and services.
 Identification phase

• Selection of appropriate professional assistance

• Patient begins to have a feeling of belonging and a capability of dealing with
the problem which decreases the feeling of helplessness and hopelessness

EXPLOITATION PHASE:
• In this phase, the patient begins to take full advantage of the resources and
support provided by the nurse.
• The nurse-patient relationship becomes more reciprocal, and the patient
actively seeks out assistance to address their needs.
• Nurse must be aware about the various phases of communication
RESOLUTION PHASE

• In the final phase, the patient's goals

have been achieved, and they are
moving toward greater independence.
• The nurse-patient relationship
concludes, but the patient retains the
knowledge and skills gained.
• The nurse helps the patient evaluate
their progress and establish strategies
for maintaining their health.
THIS IS FOR YOU
In Hildegard Peplau's Interpersonal Relations
Model, the focus is on which of the following?
a. individual
b. community
c. larger society
d. Family
INTERPERSONAL THEORY
AND NURSING PROCESS

• Both are sequential and focus on therapeutic

relationship

• Both use problem solving techniques for the

nurse and patient to collaborate on, with the
end purpose of meeting the patients needs

• Both use observation communication and

recording as basic tools utilized by nursing
Assessment Orientation

Data collection and analysis [continuous] Non continuous data collection

May not be a felt need Felt need
Define needs

Nursing diagnosis Identification

Planning
Interdependent goal setting
Mutually set goals

Implementation Exploitation

Plans initiated towards achievement of mutually set goals Patient actively seeking and drawing help
May be accomplished by patient , nurse or family Patient initiated

Evaluation Resolution

Based on mutually expected behaviors Occurs after other phases are completed successfully
May led to termination and initiation of new plans Leads to termination a
DON’T BE CONFUSE

In which phase of the nurse-patient relationship

is active listening the most important according
to Peplau's theory?
a. During the termination phase
b. During the working phase
c. During the orientation phase
d. During the planning phase.
PEPLAU’S SIX NURSING ROLES

• Stranger - Receives client/patient in same way one meets a stranger

and provides a climate that builds trust
• Teacher - Who imparts knowledge in reference to a need or interest
• Resource Person - One who provides specific information for problem
solving
• Counselor - Provides guidance and encouragement to make changes
• Surrogate - Helps to clarify domains of dependence,
interdependence, and independency, and acts on client’s behalf as an
advocate
• Leader - Helps client assume maximum responsibility for meeting
goals
 WHAT YOU KNOW

Which of the following roles was not

identified in the chapter as a primary role
played by the nurse at some point within
the nurse-patient relationship?
a. Stranger
b. Friend
c. Mediator
d. Leader
 STRENGTHS

• This theory provides a logical systematic way of viewing nursing situations.

• Theories can be utilized by practitioners to guide and improve their
practice.
• Peplau’s anxiety continuum is still used in anxiety patients.
• Theories must be consistent with other validated theories, laws, and
principles but will leave open unanswered questions that need to be
investigated.
• Peplau's theory is consistent with various theories
WEAKNESSES

• Personal space considerations and community social service resources

are considered less.
• Health promotion and maintenance were less emphasized

• Cannot be used in a patient who doesn’t have a felt need eg. With
drawn patients, unconscious patients

• Some areas are not specific enough to generate hypothesis

 case study
A client XYZ (36 year old female) was referred to the UOS hospital with a
Prolapsed Disc of the lower lumbar spine (lower back). The pain in her lower
back was so great that it radiated down the front of her thighs. She was unable
to sit and turn in bed (need assistance). The doctor decide to do surgery, she is
concern about her condition and the surgery.
 applying Peplau’s theory
ORIENTATION
The Nurse Introduces herself to client XYZ and asks questions, Obtains a
health history and assessment of XYZ It helps to identify problem (pain in
her lower back, need assistance and is concern about her condition and the
surgery)
Roles: Both patient and nurse are in the stranger role at this time and must
gain mutual trust.
IDENTIFICATION
Both Nurse and patient identify the problems to address: -
• Nurse identify Pain in her lower back
• Need assistance self care
• Concern about her condition and the surgery.
EXPLOITATION
For pain: Provide non pharmacological measures
• Provide supine position to the client.
• Support the back during position change
• Use pillows to support the back.
• Administer analgesic to reduce pain.
For assistance and self care:
• Keep the articles within the reach of the client
• Frequently visit the patient and enquire for any needs.
• Assist the client in doing her self care activities.
For her Concerns:
• Teach the family regarding the disease process.
• Allow the client and family members to ask questions .
• Allow her and her husband expressed their anxiety.
• Allow the family members to frequently visit the client.
 cont…
RESOLUTION PHASE
• problems are resolved For pain : Mrs. XYZ was free to express problems of pain.
• For self-care: Mrs. XYZ was free to express problems of self care.
• She achieve and maintain her self care activities within her limits
Peplau’s theory has proved greatly used
to later nurse theorists and clinicians in
developing more sophisticated and
therapeutic nursing interventions,
including the seven nursing roles, which
show the dynamic character roles
typical in clinical nursing. It entails that
a nurse’s duty is not just to care, but the
profession also incorporates every
activity that may affect the client’s
health.
references
https://nurseslabs.com/hildegard-peplaus-interpersonal-
relations-theory/
https://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/
interpersonal_theory.html
https://prezi.com/b7llcvj_m2v0/hildegard-e-peplau-1909-
1999/