Aquatic Biome Marine Water

INTRODUCTION:
The aquatic biome is divided into freshwater and marine regions.
Freshwater regions, such as rivers, have a low salt concentration.
Marine regions, such as the ocean, have higher salt concentrations. It is
the largest of all the biomes and covers about 75% of earth’s surface.
Freshwater habitats are less than 1 percent salt. It includes ponds,
lakes, rivers, and streams, while marine habitats include the ocean and
salty seas. Marine region covers about three-fourths of the Earth's
surface and include oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. Marine algae
supply much of the world's oxygen supply and take in a huge amount of
atmospheric carbon dioxide. The evaporation of the seawater provides
rainwater for the land.
OCEANS: The largest of all the ecosystems. The ocean regions are
separated into separate zones: intertidal, pelagic, abyssal, and benthic.
All four zones have a great diversity of species. Some say that the ocean
contains the richest diversity of species even though it contains fewer
species than there are on land.
CORAL REEFS: are widely distributed in warm shallow waters. They
can be found as barriers along continents (e.g., the Great Barrier Reef
off Australia), fringing islands, and atolls. Naturally, the dominant
organisms in coral reefs are corals.
Estuaries: are areas where freshwater streams or rivers merge with the
ocean. This mixing of waters with such different salt concentrations
creates a very interesting and unique ecosystem.
REFERANCE: https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/marine.php
CLIMATE:
Seasons in the marine biome are not the typical four seasons that we
experience on land, and marine organisms do not experience winter,
spring, summer, and fall. Seasons in the marine biome are indistinct,
but marine biome climate conditions can change throughout the year
and depending on location. Climate refers to the prevailing weather
conditions in an area over a long period of time, such as throughout
the year. The marine biome climate can be described in a general
sense but many factors contribute to the variability of marine biome
climate conditions. The average marine temperature is approximately
39 degrees Fahrenheit. Marine temperature generally decreases as
water depth increases, and is generally warmer near the equator than
at the poles.
REFERENCE: https://sciencing.com/seasons-marine-biome-8660255.html
LOCATION:
Found all over the world. Most likely, where there is ocean, there will be open
ocean zone. In the pacific and Atlantic Ocean there is large amount of biomes.

ANIMALS:
Jellyfish can be found in all ocean waters. Because jellyfish tend to just
follow the currents of the ocean, they can be found around the world in
every type of ocean water. They can thrive in warm tropical water or cold
Arctic water. They've been found at the bottom of the ocean and near
the surface
Sea turtles are adapted to live in the ocean, with some unique features
that help them to survive in the marine environment. As reptiles, they
require air to breathe and land to lay their eggs. However, the majority of
their lives are spent underwater.
Some estimates report the world's oceans are home to 20,000
species of fish. Ocean fishes come in all shapes, sizes, colours and live
in drastically different depths and temperatures.
CORAL REEFS:
 Fringing reefs build out from rocky coasts.
 Barrier reefs have lagoons lying between them and the coast.
Growth occurs on the outer (seaward) edge. Great Barrier Reef,
stretching for 1,400 miles off the eastern coast of Australia, is the
world’s largest. The Belize Barrier Reef comes in a distant second at
135 miles.
 Atolls completely encircle lagoons. No dry land occurs within the
lagoon. One of the largest (21 mi X 9 mi) is the Aldabara A toll in the
Indian Ocean north of Madagascar.

REFERENCE: https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/?page_id=837
THRETS:
1. Climate change

Climate change arguably presents the greatest threat to ocean health. It

is making oceans hotter, promoting acidification, and making it harder to
breathe in them by reducing dissolved oxygen levels. Imagine how
poorly a fish in an aquarium would fare if we turned up the heat, dripped
in acid, and pulled out the oxygen bubbler. This is slowly but surely what
we are doing to our oceans.

2. Plastic pollution

More than five trillion pieces of plastic pollution are afloat in the oceans.
And the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is growing. For every pound of
tuna, we are taking out of the ocean, we are putting two pounds of
plastic back in. Bold interventions to reduce plastic pollution are urgently
needed.

3. Sustainable seafood

Almost a third of global fish stocks are overfished. Fish that were once
extremely abundant, such as blue fin tuna, are now becoming
increasingly endangered. Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing can
cost the global economy up to $23 billion annually. Restaurants and
seafood markets in many areas routinely serve endangered seafood
species that are the underwater equivalent of a rhino or a panda.

4. Marine protected areas

We all know that parks and protected areas on land help wildlife such as
bears, deer and elephants thrive. The same is true for underwater
protected areas. In addition to preserving charismatic and ecologically
important marine wildlife, including sharks, dolphins, and corals,
protected areas in the ocean can act like a savings accounts for
fisheries. Fish inside such areas grow larger and generate more
offspring.

5. Fisheries subsidies

Every year, governments spend $35 billion on fisheries subsidies, the

majority of which directly accelerate harmful overfishing. Subsidies lead
to overcapacity in fishing fleets and allow vessels to fish harder for
longer, even when it would not otherwise make economic sense. For
example, a large portion of fishing on the high seas, where fish are an
internationally shared resource, would likely be unprofitable without
fisheries subsidies.

REFERENCE: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/06/5-ways-we-can-
improve-ocean-health/

Things You Can Do to Save the Oceans:

1.Join Oceania
2. Vote responsibly. Contact your representative.
3. Eat sustainable seafood.
4. Reduce energy use.
5. Use reusable plastic products.
6. Properly dispose of hazardous materials.
7. Use less fertilizer.
8. Pick up garbage and litter near beaches.
9. Buy ocean-friendly products.
REFERENCE: https://usa.oceana.org/take-action/10-things-you-can-do-save-oceans

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