PAJE, Catherine D.

GED0102 – Section 16 | Group # 12

PUNAY, Lorraine Mae R. October 29, 2021
RAZON, Arden Vince E. Prof. Luna | The Life and Works of Rizal
Reading Activity 4: Divergent and Convergent Thinking Web
Directions: Use the Convergent and Divergent graphic organizer to classify and simplify the
general ideas discussed in the reading.

Guide Questions:
1) What were the economic and religious developments of the Philippines in the 19th
century?
2) Why were the Filipinos deprived of certain job positions within the bureaucracy? How
were the Filipinos treated under the Spanish bureaucracy?
3) How do you define nationalism in 19th century context?
4) What is the secularization movement?

The value of lands, as well as rents, increased as
the economy progressed, creating tension
between inquilinos and haciendas that
eventually led to an agrarian revolt.
Corruption resulted to the inability to prioritize, sustain and
provide to sectors like education, basic needs of public work,
peace and order, and other prerequisites to achieve semi-
modern economy. Even paid taxes does not directly go to
agricultural developments, as well as, encouraging consumers
to buy expensive products rather than cheaper ones.

The Philippine’s Job opportunities

economy in the To keep control Creation of policy for Filipinos are
19th century over the land in for oversea limited because the
improved in terms of colonies were not Philippines were
terms of exporting, which discussed and made as a dumping
exporting, which contributed to prepared due to ground for job-
contributed to greater profit for the inconsistent seeker, as well as,
greater profit for and incapability of being deprived
some Filipinos.
some Filipinos. the government. from governmental
positions.

Economics Politics

Rizal in the Context of Nineteenth-Century

Philippines

Cultural Religious

The The distinction between the It may show that

foundation of ordinary Filipinos and the Spanish rule
Even influenced nationalism Filipino ilustrado with regard on the Philippines
by many factors, can be found to Catholic practices. For was getting
nationalism ca be in the ordinary Filipinos, beliefs weaker but the
born to an historical past and practices were influence of
individual and that can show maintained, but for Filipino religious beliefs
avoid discord. the difference ilustrados it is considered as stayed and lived
of two childish and incompatible. within Filipinos.
cultures.

Patriotism and the distinctive impact of the friar

parish priest on the ordinary Filipino illustrates why
the friars eventually became the principal target of
Filipino nationalists and Rizal.
Guide Questions:
1) What were the economic and religious developments of the Philippines in the 19th
century?
During the 19th century, the colonizers brought developments that significantly
influenced the progress of the Philippines, specifically the economic and religious
developments.
 For economic developments,
o The Philippines’ exporting economy improved, contributing to middle
and upper classes to acquire greater profitability.
o The trading with industrial economies of the West gave opportunities to
the Philippines in acquiring both machinery and consumer goods that
Spain could not supply.
o Due to the vast increase in population, the demand for agriculture
products specifically rice has also increased. Thereby making selected
provinces and areas of hacienderos in the Philippines including inquilinos
have a direct effect between their demand and profitability; and,
o The tension between owner-hacederos and tenants (inquilinos) also
resulted in a positive outcome making lands and rents increased in value,
regardless of agrarian revolt between parties.
 For religious developments,
o During the 19th century, the Philippines is dominated by the friars who
are making use of religion to continue their Spanish rule.
o Ordinary Filipinos have maintained religious influences discerning
themselves to traditional religious practices and beliefs, as well as,
looking up to friar parish priests that have disgust to oppressive
government officials.
o The Spanish monarch has gained power over religious communities who
granted them authority (Patronato Real) to deal with Muslims in directing
them out of the Iberian Peninsula.
o The Secularization Movement founded by Father Pedro Pelaez has
brought a tension between Filipinos battling for equality with the
 Spaniards. This was continued by Father Jose Burgos who intended to
fight for the equality of friars and secular priests. 
2) Why were the Filipinos deprived of certain job positions within the bureaucracy?
How were the Filipinos treated under the Spanish bureaucracy?
The Spanish governance failed to progress economically and saw the Philippines
as a dumping ground of job-seekers which they failed to satisfy therefore taking the
jobs that were meant for Filipinos. The Spanish regime was known for being corrupt
and with this the antiquated system of taxation was a failure and was just exploiting
farmers for their livelihood and the tax was not going on giving the nation progress of
improvement. 
3) How do you define nationalism in 19th century context?
In our country, nationalism has a long history, with many dedicated Filipino
heroes such as Bonifacio and Rizal fighting for our independence from the conqueror.
They fought in different ways, including through violence and writings. In the 19th
century where Filipinos were living under Spanish occupation, the desire for
independence emanated from a deep love for their homeland. It was an optimistic
mentality, but it was exactly what they sought, for reasons other than practicality.
4) What is the secularization movement?
The secularization movement is also called "the reform movement", "the revolt
of the masses'' and "the betrayal of the ilustrados", was a movement from the 19th
century in the Philippines under Spanish colonization to provide Filipinos better rights.
There were various activities that went into the movement that happened in the 19th
century revolution. They requested the friars be expelled, as well as the establishment
of free speech and the freedom to education. They made their presence known through
periodicals such as La Solidaridad, which was managed by Del Pilar. Moreover,
anticlericalism originated from a well-founded fear that ecclesiastical power would be
used to impede liberal progress, rather than from obsurantism, which did exist in some
parts of the church. Modernization was essentially an economic goal, and many of
those who were enthusiastic about progressive economic policies did so for personal
gain rather than for the benefit of the country. The American government guaranteed
all of the former that their key aims of modernizing government and the economy,
civil liberties, and the abolishment of theocratic authority over Philippine society
would be met; only true nationalists would recognize the frustration of the main goal
for which they had fought.