Asynchronous activity -January 24, 2022

1. What were the major political and economic developments in Spain in the 19 th century?
How did these developments affect the Philippines?
- By the late eighteenth century, political and financial changes in Europe were at last
starting to influence Spain and, in this way, the Philippines. Significant as an
improvement to exchange was the continuous disposal of the syndication
appreciated by the vessel to Acapulco. The last ship showed up in Manila in 1815,
and by the mid-1830s Manila was available to unfamiliar vendors nearly without
limitation. The interest for Philippine sugar and abaca (hemp) developed apace, and
the volume of products to Europe extended much further after the finish of the Suez
Waterway in 1869.
2. How was the Philippines was administered by the Spanish colonial officials in the 19 th
century?
- The archipelago was Spain's station in the orient and Manila turned into the capital
of the whole Spanish East Indies. The state was managed through the Viceroyalty of
New Spain (presently Mexico) until 1821 when Mexico accomplished autonomy
from Spain. After 1821, the province was administered straightforwardly from Spain.
3. Why were the friars and the Guardia civil the dominant institutions of power in the
country during the 19th century?
- It was a result of the minister's profound capacity that individuals accepted and
dreaded him. He was additionally powerful on account of his insight into the local
language and his usually extended stay in a town.
4. What are the notable characteristics of the social structure of Filipino society in the 19 th
century? Explain each briefly.
- In the nineteenth century, business farming made another class of rich Filipino
mestizos. A portion of these families have stayed persuasive in Philippine
governmental issues and financial matters. In the Philippines, state funded
instruction didn't start until 1863, and, surprisingly, then, at that point, the
educational plan
Filipinos are ethnically and socially different. They are from the central area of
Southeast Asia as well as what is presently Indonesia. There are right around 100
ethnic gatherings in the country. The Tagalog language is the most generally spoken,
with around one-fifth of the populace talking it. The remainder of the Philippines'
populace is comprised of little populaces of native and settler people groups. The
Negritos were the island's unique pilgrims. A minority of the populace is of blended
Filipino Chinese parentage.
Most of the country's dialects are connected, having a place with one of a few
Austronesian etymological subfamilies. The Philippines' public language, Pilipino
(otherwise called Filipino), depends on Tagalog. Of the multitude of Philippine
dialects, Tagalog has the broadest composed writing. Hiligaynon and Waray, both
spoken in the Visayas, are two other prominent Focal Philippine dialects, like a few
assortments of Bicol. The Tausug language is broadly spoken in Palawan and the
Sulu Archipelago.
Four-fifths of Filipinos guarantee to be Roman Catholic. The ecclesiastical overseer of
Manila, Jaime Cardinal Sin, was one of the country's most politically frank
otherworldly pioneers. Other Christian sections represent around one-10th of the
populace. Little quantities of Filipinos practice Buddhism or nearby religions, which
were acquainted with the southern Philippines from Brunei (on Borneo) in the
fifteenth century.
Aside from Cebu, the fields settled among the mountains have long had the most
elevated populace thickness of the islands. Houses in country regions are many
times little, with only a couple of rooms, and are raised on heaps. There are various
significant towns notwithstanding numerous more modest settlement units. With
Quezon City, Manila, and Manila, Metropolitan (Metro) Manila is by a long shot the
country's biggest metropolitan region.
The Philippines has a high populace thickness; however the populace circulation is
lopsided. The populace thickness of certain pieces of Metro Manila is more than
multiple times that of a few peripheral regions. The rate of birth in the nation is
likewise extensively higher than the worldwide normal.
The Philippines is fundamentally a cultivating country. People and nongovernmental
associations are allowed to take part in its development and the executives,
frequently with the assistance of government credit. The agribusiness area
represents a critical piece of the Philippine economy.
Almost 33% of the labor force is utilized in this industry. Sugarcane, rice, coconuts,
bananas, maize, and pineapples are the super horticultural items. Rice creation in
the Philippines has incredibly improved since the mid-1970s. Logical agrarian
techniques have various drawbacks.
The Philippines is a significant maker of coconuts and coconut items on the planet.
Sugarcane is generally developed in Luzon, the western Negros, and Panay. Abaca
and sugarcane are two of the country's most significant farming commodities. In the
Filipino eating regimen, fish represents an enormous level of the protein. By and
large, timberlands covered about portion of the Philippines' absolute land region.
Digging represents a little level of Gross domestic product and utilizes a considerably
more modest level of the populace. Significant stores on the islands of Luzon and
Mindanao give most of the country's metallic minerals, including gold, iron metal,
lead, zinc, chromite, and copper.
Nonmetallic minerals are principally found in the Visayas.
In the Philippines, fabricating represents around one-fourth of Gross domestic
product. It just utilizes about a 10th of the labor force. Temporarily, the public
 authority absolves a few new ventures from taxes. The Philippine National Bank
issues the peso, the country's true money.
A few other government foundations likewise direct financial activities. Since the
mid-1990s, a huge number of business and frugality banks have jumped up
considering expanded progression.
Through the NEDA and different divisions, the Philippine government plans for
public monetary development. The Overall Settlement on Taxes and Exchange
(GATT) was endorsed by the public authority in 1979. (GATT) In 1995, the Philippines
joined the World Exchange Association (WTO).
The biggest boss in the business is exchange and friendliness administrations joined.
The travel industry has been continually expanding. South Korea, the US, and Japan
represent most of unfamiliar guests. Malaysians, Singaporeans, and residents of
other Asian nations are turning out to be more various.
In Manila, as well as most different towns and urban communities, the work
development is deep rooted. Tax assessment, profit and different credits, and
outstanding pay are the three fundamental wellsprings of income for the public
authority. The single biggest wellspring of government income will be annual duties.
Since the mid-1990s, the central government has passed regulation moving a
burdening power to neighborhood state run administrations.
5. How were the Filipinos affected by the applications of the doctrine of limpieza de sangre
by the Spanish colonizers?
- The Filipino was treated as slaves by the Spanish winners. They forced and gathered
all types of expenses and recognitions from the Filipinos and even state-run
administrations and the Catholic Church. As an outcome of the colonizers
application of the tenet of limpieza de needed, a social ranking was group in our
general public during the Spanish System. Social strains were made between and
among the classes, where the lower classes were victimized by the upper classes.
Moreover, an arrangement of racial discrimination came to be institutionalized. High
positions in government were opened exclusively to the unadulterated blooded
Spaniards. Individuals from the working class and the Indios were viewed as
mediocre by the privileged societies and dishonorable of education.
6. What were the major features of the educational system the Spaniards implemented in
the Philippines? What were its weaknesses?
- The educational Declaration of 1863 was executed in the settlement, which required
the foundation of one grade school for young men and one primary school for young
ladies in every town in the Philippines. A similar announcement accommodated the
foundation of an ordinary school for the preparation of educators with an authority
of the Spanish Language, under the direction of the Jesuits, as Spanish will be the
vehicle of instruction in all school. The educational frameworks carried out in the
nation had genuine shortcomings. Prominent among these shortcomings were as
per the following:
 - Over-accentuation on religion
- Limited and irrelevant curriculum
- Obsolete classroom facilities
- Inadequate instructional materials
- Absence of academic freedom and
- Racial prejudice against the Filipinos in school

7. How did the opening of the Philippines to world commerce and trade affect the country
and its people?
- A more significant effect of this advancement was the influx of Liberal thoughts into
the country. Filipino scholarly came to learn of revolutionary thoughts of John Locke
and Jean Jacques Rousseau. They discovered that individuals could topple an
administration that isn't working to ultimately benefit the administered.