Chap 4.

2: Fourier Transform
1. The Fourier Transform
a. The Fourier Integral
- Fourier integral representation of :

∫ ∫

- If is an even function then we have the Fourier cosine integral:

Fourier
Integral
∫∫

- If is an odd function then we have the Fourier sine integral:

∫∫

- Fourier integral may be written in the form of the pair of equations

∫
Fourier
Transform - The Fourier transform of the function :
Pair
{ } ∫

- The inverse Fourier transform of :

{ } ∫

- Table of usually used Fourier Transform pairs:

{ }

Fourier
||
Transform {
Table ||
||

[ ]
[ ]
b. The continuous Fourier Spectra
- can be expressed in the exponential form:
| |
- is also known as the (complex) frequency spectrum of
o | |: is the amplitude
o : is the phase spectra

Definition - Table of usually used amplitude & phase spectra:

| |
( )
√
||
{ | | {
||

2. Fourier Transform Properties

a. Linearity property
- If:
o is a function having Fourier transforms and a constant
Linearity o is a function having Fourier transforms and a constant
- Then:
{ } { } { }

b. Time-differentiation property
If is a function having Fourier transforms
Time-
differentiation { }

Example

c. Time-shift property
If is a function having Fourier transforms
Time-shift
{ }

d. Frequency-shift property
Frequency- If is a function having Fourier transforms
shift { } ( )
3. Transforms of the step and impulse functions
a. Energy and power
The total energy associated with the signal :

∫[ ] ∫| |
Energy
o | | : is the energy spectral density
| |
The average power P of the signal
Power
∫[ ]

b. Convolution
- If:
o is a function having Fourier transforms
Convolution
o is a function having Fourier transforms
in time
- Then:
{ } { }
- f:
o is a function having Fourier transforms
Convolution o is a function having Fourier transforms
in frequency - Then:
{ }