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The School of the Archdiocese of
Capiz Roxas City

CPC DISTANCE EDUCATION WORKSHEET

Subject/Code BIO 4
Descriptive Title ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
ILK Topic 4 The Skeletal System

I. Common Disorder or Condition of the Skeletal System (Give at least 10)

 Tumors- May be malignant or benign and cause a range of bone
defects
 Gigantism- Abnormally increased body size due to excessive growth
at the epiphyseal plates
 Dwarfism- Abnormally small body size due to improper growth at the
epiphyseal plates
 Osteogenesis imperfecta- Also known as brittle bone disorder. This
connective tissue disease is caused by mutations that yield reduced or
defective type I collagen.
 Rickets- Growth retardation due to nutritional deficiencies in minerals
(Ca2+) or vitamin D; results in bones that are soft, weak, and easily
broken
 Osteomyelitis- A bacterial infection in bone. Usually, the aggressive
pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is the causative organism.
 Tuberculosis- Typically, a lung bacterium that can also affect bone
 Osteomalacia- Softening of adult bones due to calcium depletion;
often caused by vitamin D deficiency
 Osteoporosis- Also know as porous bone, is a loss of bone matrix.
The loss of bone mass makes bones so porous and weakened that
they become deformed and prone to fracture. The occurrence of
osteoporosis increases with age.
II. Give the difference between Male and Female Pelvis

Description of Difference
Characteristics
Male Female

Bone Thickness Heavier and Thicker to Lighter and thinner,

support heavier build of structured for childbirth
males
Pelvic Cavity Longer, cone-shaped Shorter-cylindrical

Pubic arch/angle The angle between the The angle between the
inferior pubic rami is called inferior pubic rami is called
the subpubic angle the pubic arch
Ilium Rounder pelvic inlet Larger and Wider

Ischial Spines Long, narrow, straighter, Shorter, wider, more curved

posteriorly, and has a less
 pronounced promotory
Ischial Tuberosities Ischial Tuberosities more Ischial Tuberosities longer,
everted face more medially
Acetabulum Large and faces laterally. Small and faces anteriorly

Pelvic Inlet Narrow and heart-shaped Wide and almost oval

III. Name five (5) functions of the Skeletal System.

1. Body support. Rigid, strong bone is well suited for bearing weight and is
the major supporting tissue of the body. Cartilage provides a firm yet
flexible support within certain structures, such as the nose, external ear,
thoracic cage, and trachea. Ligaments, strong bands of fibrous
connective tissue, hold bones together.
2. Organ protection. Bone is hard and protects the organs it surrounds. For
example, the skull encloses and protects the brain, and the vertebrae
surround the spinal cord. The rib cage protects the heart, lungs, and other
organs of the thorax.
3. Body movement. Skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons, which
are strong bands of connective tissue. Contraction of the skeletal muscles
moves the bones, producing body movements. Joints, which are formed
where two or more bones come together, allow movement between
bones. Smooth cartilage covers the ends of bones within some joints,
allowing the bones to move freely. Ligaments allow some movement
between bones but prevent excessive movements.
4. Mineral storage. Some minerals in the blood are stored in bone. If blood
levels of these minerals decrease, the minerals are released from bone
into the blood. The principal minerals stored are calcium and phosphorus,
two minerals essential for many physiological processes. Adipose tissue is
also stored within bone cavities. If needed, the lipids are released into the
blood and used by other tissues as a source of energy.
5. Blood cell production. Many bones contain cavities filled with red bone
marrow, which gives rise to blood cells and platelets.

IV. Draw and Label the Parts of the Skeleton

1. Bones of the Skeleton are grouped in two divisions. Name the bones of the
axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton

2. Give and describe the eight (8) bones of the Cranium

Answers: