1.

Choose the equivalent thickness (teq) for a masonry wall that is retrofitted by shotcrete and
is modeled by shotcrete material:

𝐸𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒
1. teq=tshotcrete+ ×tmasonry
𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑟𝑦

𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑟𝑦
2. teq=tshotcrete+ ×tmasonry
𝐸𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒

𝐸𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒
3. teq=tmasonry+ ×tshotcrete
𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑟𝑦

𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑟𝑦
4. teq=tmasonry+ ×tshotcrete
𝐸𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒

2. Why the flexural rigidity of reinforced concrete columns increases by the increase of the
axial compression load:

1. Because confinement is increases.

2. Flexural rigidity is not dependent on the axial load.

3. Because shear stiffness is increases.

4. Because flexural cracking is limited.

3. In which load combination, multi-directional effects is considered correctly:

Sx is the dynamic load defined in X-direction without eccentricity

Sxp is the dynamic load defined in X-direction with 5% eccentricity

Sy is the dynamic load defined in Y-direction without eccentricity

Syp is the dynamic load defined in Y-direction with 5% eccentricity

1. Sx+Sy

2. Sxp+Syp

3. Sxp+0.3Sy

4. Sxp+0.3Syp
4. Please calculate the modulus of elasticity in order to analysis for brick chips concrete

with the given information (E ́

normal concrete=4700√𝑓𝑐 ).

Expected compressive strength= 22 MPa

Lower bound compressive strength= 18 MPa

5. Briefly explain the concept of ductility in structures.

6. Calculate shear force corresponding to the bending capacity of the beam. Ignore the
compression rebars.

f’c = 20 Mpa

Fy = 400 Mpa

L = 4000 mm = 4 m

tension bars: 5 Φ 16 compression bars: 3 Φ 16

7. Briefly describe the failure modes of unreinforced masonry walls under seismic loads.

8- What is the most important advantage of retrofitting using shear walls?

9- Which method of retrofitting is the best option for retrofitting the building with the
following plan?

Criteria Information

Year Built 2015

Number of stories 11 Storied

Structures Plan dimension (m2) 60.94m X 27.40m

Basement dimensions (m2) NA

Structure height (m) 35.625 m from Plinth to Roof Top

Foundation type Unknown

Non-structural Walls Brick wall

Floor Concrete Slab

Lateral bearing system Moment resisting system

Regularity Regular