FEM Part 2

Contents
 2D Plate Elements
FEM for 2D Structures 
 Plane Stress and Plane Strain
Triangular Element (CST)
(Part 2 for AAiT)  Area Coordinates for CST, Axisymmetric Problems
 2nd Order Triangular Elements (LST)

 Bilinear Rectangular Element
 Convergence requirements
AY 2013/14
Bedilu Habte  Isoparametric Formulation
 Numerical Integration
5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 2
Two– dimensional Plate Elements Two– dimensional Plate Elements

 fbd of a plate under plane stress
1. Thin plate elements.
2. Two coordinates to define position.
3. Elements connected at common nodes and/or
along common edges.
4. Nodal compatibility enforced to obtain
equilibrium equations
5. Two types membrane problems
1. Plane stress
2. Plane Strain
5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 3 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 4
Two– dimensional Plate Elements Two– dimensional Plate Elements
1
Two– dimensional State of Stress Two– dimensional State of Strain
u
y, v u
dy εx 
y y
x
xy
v
v
dy
D v
xy y y
εy 
u
y
dy x  x  y v
dx
B u v
    y 
dy x
xy dx A
γ xy  
xy
v v
y x
  u
x x, u
 xy  dx u
u dx
x
Plane Stress  z 0 Plane Stress  z 0

1. A state of stress in which normal stress and shear
stresses directed perpendicular to the plane of the body
are assumed to be zero.
2. If x– y plane is plane of body then only nonzero
stresses are: x,y ,xy
3. Zero stresses: z ,xz ,yz
Plane Strain  z 0
1. A state of strain in which normal strain and shear
strains directed perpendicular to the plane of the
body are assumed to be zero.
2. If x– y plane is plane of body then only nonzero
strains are: x ,  y , xy
3. Zero strains:  z , xz , yz
Plane Strain  z 0 Full 3– D Stress– Strain Relationships
 x  1    0 0 0   x 
    1   0 0 0   
 y   y 
 z  E   1  0 0 0    z 
   (1 2 )  
 xy  (1  )(1  2 )  0 0 0 2 0 0   xy 
 yz   0 0 0 0 (1 2 )
2 0   yz 
   (1 2 )   
 zx   0 0 0 0 0 2   zx 
 
2
σ– ε Relationship Triangular Element – CST
1  0 
E  
 D   1 0 
1  2 
Plane Stress
0 0 1  
 2 
    D  
1   0 
E  
 D   1  0 
(1  )(1  2 ) 
Plane Strain  0 0 (1 2 ) 
 2 
    D  
Triangular Element – CST Triangular Element (cont.)
Triangular Element (cont.) Triangular Element (cont.)

u  x, y   a1  a2 x  a3 y 
     
ui  a1  a2 xi  a3 yi  ui  1 xi yi   a1 
v x, y  a4  a5 x  a6 y  u j  a1  a2 x j  a3 y j   
 u j   1 x j
 
y j  a2 
 a1  um  a1  a2 xm  a3 ym u  1 x ym  a3 
 m 
a 
m
 2 vi  a4  a5 xi  a6 yi
1 x y 0 0 0   a3  v j  a4  a5 x j  a6 y j a  x1u
     a 
 0 0 0 1 x y  4  vm  a4  a5 xm  a6 ym
a5 
 
 a6 
 
3
 i  j m   i  x j y m  y j xm  a1   i  j  m   ui 
x1  1 
i  j m 
   1   
2A 
 i  j  m 
 j  xm yi  ym xi a 2   i  j  m  u j 
  m  xi y j  yi x j a  2 A     m  um 
1 xi yi  3  i j
 i  y j  ym
2A  1 xj yj
 j  y m  yi Also :
1 xm ym
 m  yi  y j a 4   i  j  m   vi 
 i  xm  x j   1   
2 A  xi  y j  ym   x j  ym  yi   xm  yi  y j  a5   i  j m  v j 
 j  xi  xm a  2 A     m  vm 
 m  x j  xi  6  i j

1
 i   i x   i y  ui   Ni   i   i x   i y 
1   2A
u ( x, y )   j   j x   j y  u j  
2A   Nj 
1
 j   j x   j y 
 m   m x   m y  um  2A
 i   i x   i y  vi   1
Nm   m   m x   m y 
1  
 j   j x   j y  v j  
2A
v ( x, y ) 
2A  
 m   m x   m y  vm  u ( x, y )  N i ui  N j u j  N m u m
   B  d  v( x, y )  N i vi  N j v j  N m vm
i 0 j 0 m 0
B  1  0 i 0 j 0 m 

2A
 i i j j m  m 

Triangular Element (cont.) CST Triangular (Example)

1
d T  B DBdV d 
T
p  t = 1 mm
2 V E = 20 MPa
 d   N  X dV  d  P d   N  T dS  = 0.25
T T T T T
(0,10)
V S m=3 Find [k]
a) for plane stress
1 T
d   B DBdV d  d T  f 
T
p  j=2 b) for plane strain
2 V
 p (20,0)
  B  D B dV d   f   0
T
 d  V i=1
(0,– 10)
k    B DBdV  t A BT DB
T
V
4
CST Triangular (Example cont.) CST Triangular (Example cont.)
 i  y j  ym  0  10  10
k  t A B DB
T
A  200mm2
 j  ym  yi  10  (10)  20
 m  yi  y j  10  0  10  
 1 .25 0 
 i  xm  x j  0  20  20 20 103  
 D 1  2 
.25 1 0  For plane stress
 j  xi  xm  0  0  0 1  .25  
1  .25 
 m  x j  xi  20  0  20 0 0 
 2 
 
  10 0 20 0  10 0  For plane strain 1  .25 .25 0 
20 103  
B  1  0  20 0 0 0 20   2
D  .25 1  .25 0
2 (200) 1  .25 1  2 .25   
1  2(.25) 
 20  10 0 20 20  10  0 0 
 2 
CST Triangular (Example cont.) CST Triangular (Example cont.)

For plane stress Given :
 0.0 
k  t A B  D1  B
T
0.005 
 
0.012 
For plane strain d    
 0.0  In mm, determine the nodal
k  t A B  0.01
 D2  B
T
forces and the stress over the
 
0.025  element in both cases
FE – procedure for 2D problems Plane stress/ Plane strain

 FEM Formulation of 2D elasticity (plane Displacement field u  u ( x, y )
Strain - Displacement Relation   u u (x, y)
stress/strain) u 
Stress - Strain Law   D  Du v (x, y)
 Displacement approximation  
 x   x   0
 Strain-displacement and stress-strain relationship  x 
   
   y     y  
 Establishing element stiffness matrix and nodal load 0
     y 
vector  xy   xy   
 Assembling the global stiffness matrix For plane stress For plane strain  
 y x 
 Application of boundary conditions
   
1  0 
 Physical interpretation of the results E  E 1    0 
D  1 0  D   1  0 
1  2  1   1   1  2   1  2 
0 0   0 0 
 2   2 
5
3-node triangular element Plane stress/ Plane strain
Total potential energy
1 x 
Ni  ai  bi x  ci y    1
2 V
2A     y   N d    T  dV   u T X dV   u T T S dS
V ST
 
Nj 
1
a j  b j x  c j y   xy 
Element stiffness matrix ke:
2A
1 Potential energy of an element ‘e’: ke    B DBdV
T
Nm  am  bm x  cm y 
2A    B d  1 V
2 V e
e   T  dV   e u T X dV   e u T T S dS
ke   t ABT DB
V ST
bi 0 bj 0 bm 0
u( x, y )  N i ui  N j u j  N mum B  1  0 ci 0 cj 0 cm 
 Stiffness coefficient kij:
v ( x, y )  N i vi  N j v j  N m vm 2A
ci bi cj bj cm bm 
Axisymmetry  Axisymmetry
In axisymmetrical case any radial displacement induces a

strain in the circumferential direction. Since the stresses in this
direction are non-zero, a fourth component of strain and the
associated stress needs to be considered.
 Axisymmetry Constitutive Equation for Axisymmetry
6
Area Coordinates for CST Example
Determine the shape functions
and compute the value of the
pressure @ (2,1.5) if the nodal
area coordinate ►
values of the pressure are
p1=40N/cm2, p2=34N/cm2 and
p3=46N/cm2.
Also determine the location of
the 42N/cm2 pressure contour
line.
Solution 1 x1 y1 1 0 0 Higher Order Triangular Elements

2xElement Area ► 2 A  1 x2 y2  1 4 0.5  19
1 x3 y3 1 2 5
2xArea components▼
A1 7
Complete polynomials
1 x y 1 2 1.5
L1 N1  
 – Pascal’s Triangle
2 A1  1 x2 y2  1 4 0.5  7 Area A 19
A2 7
1 x3 y3 1 2 5 coordinates► L2 N 2   
A 19
1 x1 y1 1 0 0 A3 5 1 constant
2 A2  1 x y  1 2 1.5  7 L3 N 3    x y
A 19 linear
1 x3 y3 1 2 5 The pressure @(2,1.5) is: x 2 xy y 2 quadratic
7 7 5 x 3
x 2 y xy 2 y 3
1 x1 y1 1 0 0 p(2,1.5)  40  34   46 cubic
2 A3  1 x2 y2  1 4 0.5  5 19 19 19 x 4 x 3 y x 2 y 2 xy 3 y 4 quartic
1 x y 1 2 1.5  39.4 N / cm 2 5
x x 4 y x 3 y 2 x 2 y 3 xy 4 y 5 fifth order
6 noded (quadratic) triangular element – LST

2nd Degree displacement in 2D
v3 u x, y   a1  a2 x  a3 y  a4 x 2  a5 xy  a6 y 2
3 u3 u1 
v5 v  x, y   a7  a8 x  a9 y  a10 x 2  a11xy  a12 y 2
v6  d1   v1 
d   
 a1 
5 u5 a 
 2  u 2 
 2
v2  a3 
d  v 
6 u6  
d    3    2 
 a4 
v4 u2  a5 
 
d 4  u 3 
u  1 0   a6 
U   
x y x2 xy y2 0 0 0 0 0
v1 2    
 v  0 0 0 0 0 0 1 x y x2 xy y 2   a7 
u4 d 5      a8 
4      
u1  a9 
1
d 6     a10 
 U  d   X   a
 
v   a11 
 6 a 
 12 
7
Strain/Displacement u B & k Matrices
 a2  2 xa4  ya5
x
 u   
v  0
   a9  xa11  2 ya12  x   x 
 x    x  y  x 
   v 
     y    u
B   N where     0 
y 
    y   D  y 
  a3  xa5  2 ya6    
    y  y



  xy   xy 
 xy    u  v 
 y x 
 y   x  v
 a8  2 xa10  ya11
  x     M a
0 1 0 2 x y 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   
 a1     B U 
a
   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 x 2 y   2   M  a  a   X 1U  k    B D B dV
T

0 0 1 0 x 2 y 0 1 0 2 x y 0   
B   M  X 1
v
a12 
Area Coordinates for LST Integration in Area Coordinates

 Integration of shape functions is required in
area coordinates: formulating element stiffness matrices and load
vectors. In area coordinates, such integrals may
be evaluated using:
for any power a,b and c

TRY Compute ∫∫ t N1N1 dA and ∫∫ t N1N5 dA
N1 = L1(2L1 − 1) N4 = 4L1L2 for the shape functions of the LST element on
N2 = L2(2L2 − 1) N5 = 4L2L3 the previous slide; t (thickness) is constant. Ans:
N3 = L3(2L3 − 1) N6 = 4L1L3 tA / 30; -tA/45
6 Node (LST) Triangle Example 6 Node (LST) Triangle Example

u x, y   a1  a 2 x  a3 y  a 4 x 2  a5 xy  a6 y 2
3
0 , h 
vx, y   a7  a8 x  a9 y  a10 x 2  a11 xy  a12 y 2
5  b , h 
 h 6 2 2
 0,   u1 
 2
 
 v1 
 u   N 1 0 N2 0 N3 0 N4 0 N5 0 N6 0   
1 4    u2 
2
0 , 0   v   0 N1 0 N2 0 N3 0 N4 0 N5 0 N 6   
b  b , 0    
 ,0   
2 
 v 6 
8
6 Node (LST) Triangle Example 6 Node (LST) Triangle Example
2 2
 x  y  x
2
 x  y   y 
2  x  y  x  x  y   y 
N1  1  3   3   2   4    2  N  1 3  3   2   4    2 
 
x1  0 y1  0 1 b h b  b  h   h 
b h b  b  h   h 
2 x2  b y2  0
 x  x
y 3  h N1 0,0  1
N 2      2 
b b x3  0
2 b N 1 b,0   0
 y  y
N 3      2  x4  y 4  0 N 0, h   0
h h 2 1
b h b 
 x  x
2
 x  y  x5  y5  N 1  ,0   0
N 4  4   4   4   2 2 2 
b b  b  h  h
x6  0 y6  b h
 x  y  N  , 0
N 5  4   2 1 2 2 
 b  h 
 h
2 N 1  0,   0
 y   x  y   y   2
N 6  4    4     4  
 h   b  h   h 
6 Node (LST) Triangle Example Comparison of CST and LST Elements

 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 
1 
B  0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 
2A  
 1 1  2 2 3 3  4 4 5  5  6  6 
u  N1u1  N 2u2   N 6u6
1
x  1u1   2u2     6u6 
2A 4 Constant Strain Triangles
1 Linear Strain Triangle
1
y   1v1   2v2     6v6  6 Nodes 6 Nodes
2A 12 D-O-F 12 D-O-F
1
 xy   1u1  1v1   2u2   2v2     6v6 
2A
Higher Order Triangular Elements Some Rectangular Element

Degree of polynomial Number of terms
p n
Poly. elements from
Pascal’s triangle
1 3
2 6
3 10
4 15
9
Bilinear rectangular element  in terms of s-t coordinates:
m Linear in s along any line of
Solution   a1  a2 s  a3t  a4 st constant t; linear in t along
plane any line of constant s.

The element must be
oriented with sides i
k
 Could also be written in terms of X-Y system
parallel to the x,y axis, j
with node i in the
lower left hand corner. t
y m t
Nodes are labeled m k
ccw.  
2a k
Poly. elements from
Pascal’s triangle i s 2a s
2b i
j  
j
2b
x
Solve for a1, a2, a3, and a4 and then using these
Coefficients a1, a2, a3, a4 are determined
Applying BC’s: by using nodal coordinates in the s-t coefficients in the equation for φ to write in terms of
system. the shape functions, we get:
at i : s  b, t  a   i  b  s  a  t 
Ni     t
at j : s  b, t  a   j  2b  2 a 
m k
at k : s  b, t  a   k  b  s  a  t   
Nj   
at m : s  b, t  a   m  2b  2 a  2a s
 b  s  a  t  i
Solving for a’s and writing as Nk      
 2b  2 a  j
  Ni i  N j  j  N k  k  N m m 2b
 b  s  a  t 
Nm    
 2b  2 a 
Shape Function Properties: Using the region (-1,1) for both s and t:
1) 1 at own node
 N i   1 1  1 2) 0 at other nodes
at i : s  b, t  a  
 N j , Nk , Nm  0
and along the
1
sides it does not
touch. Ni  s  1t  1 t
4
N i  0  N j  N m  1, 1 m
at k : s  b   2a 2b  1 k
N j  s  1t  1   1, 1
ta  N k  4ab  1
 4
1 s
 N k  s  1t  1 i
N  0  N 4
j 1,1
 
 m i
1  1,1
along

kj : s  b   N j 
2b  t  a  t  a
  N m  s  1t  1 2b
2b  2a  2a 4

 2b  t  a  ta
 N k  2b  2a   2a

10
Necessary conditions for convergence Necessary conditions for convergence
CONDITION 1. COMPATIBILITY CONDITION 2. COMPLETENESS
Along element boundaries, the field variable and its partial
In the limit as element size shrinks to zero in mesh refinement,
derivatives up to one order less than the highest-order
derivative appearing in the integral formulation of the element the field variable and its partial derivatives up to, and
equations must be continuous.
including, the highest-order derivative appearing in the integral
Physical meaning: no gaps/cracks open up when the finite
element assemblage is stressed. formulation must be capable of assuming constant values.
i.e, the displacements within the elements and across the
This requires that the displacement interpolation functions
element boundaries must be continuous.
The displacement field for C0 elements, or its first derivative must be chosen so that the elements can represent
field for C1 elements, must be continuous along inter-elemental
1. Rigid body modes
boundaries.
Elements satisfying the compatibility condition are termed 2. Constant strain states
compatible or conforming.
Equivalent Nodal Loads
Obtained from:
 fˆ  {P}   N  Tˆ  dS   N  Xˆ dv
T
x
T
b
S V
Isoparametric Formulation Motivation Definition

The formal method of shape function Isoparametric elements make it possible to have
construction becomes technically difficult: elements with curved boundaries. This is done
by introducing a “natural” coordinate system.
1. The shape functions that satisfy consistency
requirements for higher order elements with
curved boundaries becomes increasingly The term isoparametric means that the same
complicated. shape functions are used to define the shape of
2. Integrals that appear in the expressions of the the element as are used to define displacements;
element stiffness matrix and consistent nodal using natural or intrinsic coordinate systems.
force vector can no longer be carried out in
closed form.
11
Isoparametric Formulation
Rectangular Plane Stress Element Iso-P Shape Functions

t Natural Coordinates s-t
t = +1
y t
4 s = +1
3
s = -1 t=1 3  x1 
4 y 
s  1
1 2
t=0 x 2 
s
 
t = -1 1 x  N1 0 N2 0 N3 0 N4 0  y 2 
t = -1    
N 4   x 3 
s = -1 2
Parent Element s=0 y   0 N1 0 N2 0 N3 0
s=1
y 3 
 
x
x4 
y 
 4
12
1  s 1  t   u  Step 3 -Define Stress/Strain
N1  Step 1 -Select Element Type  
4   x   x  and Strain/Displacement
N2 
1  s 1  t 
    y    v 
4     y 
N3 
1  s 1  t   xy   u v 
4 Step 2 - Select  y  x 
 
1  s 1  t  Displacement u1 
N4 
4 Function
v    Bd Coordinate
 1
u 2 
 
transformation
u   N1 0 N2 0 N3 0 N4 0  v 2 
 
v  0 N1 0 N2 0 N3 0   
N 4  u 3  x  x s , t  s  s x , y 
v 3  
  y  y s , t  t  t x , y 
u 4 
 
v4 
f f  x f y    
Chain Rule:   Strains in terms of 
  x   x
0 
s  x s  y s  

    u 
an operator matrix:     y    0  
f f  x f y  y   v 
  
   xy 

     

t  x t y t  y x 
 x y     1  y    y   
  
 s s  x J  t s s t 
J   
   1  x    x   
Jacobian matrix:  x y 
  
  t  t  y J  s t t s 
k    B  DB t wdxdy

T
 y    y     Step 4 -Derive
 t  0 
x  s s t Element Stiffness A
  1  x    x     u 

 y   0
s t

t
 
s  v 
Matrix and  f (x, y)dxdy   f (s, t) J dsdt
  J  Equations A A
 xy   x    x    y    y   
  1 1
 s t  k      B  DB  t w
T
t t s t s s J dsdt
x  a1  a2 s  a3t  a4 st
1 1
   M  N  d  B  M  N  y  a5  a6 s  a7t  a8 st
3  8 3  2 2  8
 y    y    
 t s

s t
0  1  1  s 1  t x1  1  s 1  t x2 
x  

M   1  0
x  

x   
 4   1  s 1  t x3  1  s 1  t x4 
J  s t t s 
 x    x    y   y   1  1  s 1  t  y1  1  s 1  t  y2 
  y  
 s t t s t s s t  4   1  s 1  t  y3  1  s 1  t  y4 
13
1  1  s 1  t x1  1  s 1  t x 2 
x   
4  1  s 1  t x 3  1  s 1  t x 4 
 0 1 t ts s 1 
x 1 t  1 0 s  1  s  t
  1  t x1  1  t x 2  1  t x 3  1  t x 4  1
J  X c   Yc 
T
s 4
x 1 8 s  t  s  1 0 t 1 
  1  s x1  1  s x 2  1  s x 3  1  s x 4   
t 4
1  s s  t  t  1 0 
1  1  s 1  t y 1  1  s 1  t y 2 
y     x1   y1 
4  1  s 1  t y 3  1  s 1  t y 4  x  y 
y 1
  1  t y 1  1  t y 2  1  t y 3  1  t y 4  X c    2  Yc    2 
s 4  x3   y3 
y 1  x4   y4 
  1  s y 1  1  s y 2  1  s y 3  1  s y 4 
t 4
N1  11  t  t  1 N1 1  s  1  s  1

N1,s    N1, t  
s 4 4 t 4 4
N 2 11  t   1  t  N 2 1  s  1   s  1
B( s, t )  1 B1
N 2,s   N 2,t  
B2 B3 B4  s
N 3
4 4
11  t   1  t 
t
N 3
4
1  s 1  s  1
4
J N 3, s 
s

4 4
N 3, t 
t

4 4
 11  t    1  t  1  s 1  1  s 
 a N i ,s   bN i ,t 
N 4 N 4
0  N 4,s 
s

4 4
N 4,t 
t

4 4
 
B1    0 c N i ,t   d N i ,s  a  1 4  y1 s  1  y2  s  1  y3 s  1  y4 1  s 
c N i ,t   d N i ,s  a N i ,s   bN i ,t  b  1 4  y1 t  1  y2 1  t   y3 t  1  y4  1  t 
c  1 4 x1 t  1  x2 1  t   x3 t  1  x4  1  t 
d  1 4 x1 s  1  x2  s  1  x3 s  1  x4 1  s 
1 1 Gaussian Quadrature
fb      N  Xb  t w
T
J dsdt 1 n
Body and
 f ( x)dx  W f ( x )
1 1
i i
Surface Forces 1 i 1
fs   L  N  T t w
T
J dL
14
Gaussian Quadrature Numerical Integration
Order Abscissas Weights

n xi Wi
1 0.00000 00000 00000 2.00000 00000 00000
2  0.57735 02691 89626 1.00000 00000 00000
3  0.7745966692414834 0.55555 55555 55555
0.00000 00000 00000 0.88888 88888 88888
4  0.86113 63115 94053 0.34785 48451 37454
 0.33998 10435 84856 0.65214 51548 62546
2D Numerical Integration
1 1 1
 
  f ( s, t ) ds dt    W f s, t  dt
n
i j
1 1 1 j 1
1
 n 
   W j f s, t j  ds  WiW j f si , t j 
n n
1  j 1  j  1 j 1
I  W1W1 f s1 , t1   W1W2 f s1 , t2   W2W1 f s2 , t1   W2W2 f s2 , t2 
I  W1W1 f s1 , t1   W1W2 f s1 , t2   W1W3 f s1 , t3 

 W2W1 f s2 , t1 I  W2W2 f s2 , t2   W2W3 f s2 , t3 
 W3W1 f s3 , t1   W3W2 f s3 , t2   W3W3 f s3 , t3 
Example
1
1 x
 xsin 2xdx  4 sin 2x  2 cos 2x  0.87079555
1
Lisa Example – 2D Analysis
x W f(x) W*f(x) I
0.000000000000000 2 0 0 0
0.577350269189626 1 0.528087 0.528087 1.056174514

-0.577350269189626 1 0.528087 0.528087
0.774596669241483 0.555556 0.774416 0.430231 0.860462143

0.000000000000000 0.888889 0 0
-0.774596669241483 0.555556 0.774416 0.430231
0.861136311594053 0.347855 0.851276 0.29612

-0.861136311594053 0.347855 0.851276 0.29612 0.871055924
0.339981043584856 0.652145 0.213768 0.139408
-0.339981043584856 0.652145 0.213768 0.139408
15

FEM Part 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

FEM Part 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Contents

 2nd Order Triangular Elements (LST)

Two– dimensional Plate Elements Two– dimensional Plate Elements

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 3 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 4

Two– dimensional Plate Elements Two– dimensional Plate Elements

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 5 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 6

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 7 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 8

Plane Stress  z 0 Plane Stress  z 0

Plane Strain  z 0 Full 3– D Stress– Strain Relationships

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 11 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 12

Triangular Element – CST Triangular Element (cont.)

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 15 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 16

Triangular Element (cont.) Triangular Element (cont.)

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 17 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 18

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 19 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 20

Triangular Element (cont.) Triangular Element (cont.)

Triangular Element (cont.) CST Triangular (Example)

CST Triangular (Example cont.) CST Triangular (Example cont.)

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 27 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 28

FE – procedure for 2D problems Plane stress/ Plane strain

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 31 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 32

In axisymmetrical case any radial displacement induces a

 Axisymmetry Constitutive Equation for Axisymmetry

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 35 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 36

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 37 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 38

Solution 1 x1 y1 1 0 0 Higher Order Triangular Elements

6 noded (quadratic) triangular element – LST

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 41 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 42

Area Coordinates for LST Integration in Area Coordinates

for any power a,b and c

6 Node (LST) Triangle Example 6 Node (LST) Triangle Example

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 47 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 48

6 Node (LST) Triangle Example Comparison of CST and LST Elements

u  N1u1  N 2u2   N 6u6

Higher Order Triangular Elements Some Rectangular Element

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 53 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 54

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 57 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 58

Equivalent Nodal Loads

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 63 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 64

Isoparametric Formulation Motivation Definition

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 67 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 68

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 69 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 70

Rectangular Plane Stress Element Iso-P Shape Functions

k    B  DB t wdxdy

N1  11  t  t  1 N1 1  s  1  s  1

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 83 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 84

Order Abscissas Weights

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 85 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 86

I  W1W1 f s1 , t1   W1W2 f s1 , t2   W2W1 f s2 , t1   W2W2 f s2 , t2 

I  W1W1 f s1 , t1   W1W2 f s1 , t2   W1W3 f s1 , t3 

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 87 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 88

0.577350269189626 1 0.528087 0.528087 1.056174514

0.774596669241483 0.555556 0.774416 0.430231 0.860462143

0.861136311594053 0.347855 0.851276 0.29612

5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 89 5/10/2014 Bedilu Habte 90

You might also like