THE POWER OF DATA

PART 02
Ganjil 2020/2021
Capaian Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah
CPMK - 1

Mampu mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan tentang data,

perjalanan data, dan bagaimana mengeksplorasi data
• Mampu mendeskripsikan data dan informasi
• Mampu memberikan contoh bahwa data dapat mengatasi masalah
di kehidupan sehari-hari
• Mampu menjelaskan perjalanan data meliputi bagaimana
mendapatkan, menyimpan, membagikan, menganalisis, dan
memperoleh nilai dari data
Capaian Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah
Outline
THE DATA JOURNEY
Introduction
Introduction
Overview

• To get the most from your data, you need to go on a

journey, gaining insight along the way.
• Follow a business as they collect, share, analyze and then
get value from data.
• From finding it to reaping the rewards, there are key steps
to follow when working with data.
Introduction
Overview

• Equipment Health Monitoring (EHM) is a process where

we use data to deliver services to our airline customers.
• In simple terms, the journey for the data that EHM uses
could look like this:
• Data about a plane is created through measurements made by
sensors and humans.
Introduction
Overview

1. We gather the data in a format which we can use later.

2. We transfer the data to our network, where it can be
accessed for many use cases.
3. Then, we analyse the data and create reports to give us
insights.
4. We get value in lots of different ways, for example by
giving customers advance notice when intervention is
required so that they can plan maintenance to avoid
unplanned disruption.
Introduction
Discussion

The Data Journey

Find and
Share Analyze Get
Store
Data Data Value
Data
THE DATA JOURNEY
Janine and Ross’s Bike Shop
The Data Journey
Find and Store Data

Data is everywhere, but …

How do you collect it?
How do you make sure it’s in the best form possible?
The Data Journey
Find and Store Data

Going Mobile
• Track people coming and what for
• Book bike repair and hire gear
• Gather customer feedback

Record the data in a database and

analyse it to provide a better service
The Data Journey
Find and Store Data

Data Lifecycle
• The app can collect data in a more
structured and consistent way
• Consider what processes they need to
carry out in the lifecycle of that order,
such as delivery, invoicing or tax returns
• Need to know which service each
customer wants, when they want it,
and some details, such as order details,
their name and phone number
The Data Journey
Find and Store Data

Types of Data
• Data comes in many forms
• Create and collect data on how well our
services and products perform and use
executive systems to store it
• Sensors on bikes tell us how well they’re
running
• Check financial performance
• Customer trends
• Capacity levels to see how well business is
The Data Journey
Find and Store Data

Quantitative data (numbers)

• Can be counted easily
• It’s simple to generate charts, compare
data and gather statistics from this type of
data
• Once you’ve found a trend or your analysis
shows an unexpected result, it can take
more detective work to discover why the
numbers are the way they are
The Data Journey
Find and Store Data

Qualitative Data
• Text and photographs are both examples
of qualitative data and they can contain a
lot of rich information
• Can count words or the number of
photographs
• Challenges to count the number of people in
each photograph, or how many of them are
wearing hats
• Technologies such as face recognition and
Artificial Intelligence are becoming
increasingly effective and efficient at
interpreting qualitative data.
 Quiz

Janine and Ross can capture a lot of

A. Enter whatever they want
data just through the app. But they
into a box
need to consider the best format to
B. Select the service they want
collect each type of data. Considering
with a comment
what you've seen so far, what should
C. Select the service they want
Janine and Ross ask customers to do
from a list
when specifying which service they
want from the shop?
The Data Journey
Find and Store Data

Thinking Ahead
• By collecting data in the right way, we can make it easier to
analyse and gain insight from it later
• Need to think ahead to what might be useful in the future
• Need to think carefully about how they keep the data safe
The Data Journey
Share Data

Sharing data can make it even more valuable, but what

do you need to consider before you share?
The Data Journey
Share Data

Share or Not?
• Janine is surprised.
• Why not share the data with James? He’s
family, and besides, he’s thousands of
miles away in Australia – hardly a
competing business. But Ross reminds her
that personal data needs to be kept
confidential.
• What do you think Janine and Ross might
be able to share with James?
 Quiz

A. Customer names
Select all the types of B. Times of orders
C. Customer phone numbers
data that you think you
D. Types and number of orders
can share! E. Comments from customers
The Data Journey
Share Data

Think Before Share

• This is the sort of decision that
organisations make all the time:
• sharing as much as they can to help others in
their business achieve their best,
• but ensuring that they keep a competitive
advantage
• Janine explains to James that they can’t
share everything, but she sends him some
charts and info on trends
• He decides to track his customer orders in the
same way
The Data Journey
Share Data

• Where is your data from?

• Who does your data belong to? Depending on who owns it
and what restrictions are in place, you may not have
permission to share it. This applies to whether it comes from
inside or outside the organisation.
• Is the data restricted?
• Does the data contain personal data, intellectual property
(IP), commercially sensitive data or is it subject to regulations
such as export control? Some IP, for example technical
innovations, might be restricted to a small team in the early
stages of development, as might commercial data.
The Data Journey
Share Data

• Does the data contain metadata?

• ‘Metadata’ is data about data, which (among other things)
tells people things like the history of the data, who collected
it and why.
• Is the data trustworthy?
• It’s important that you can trust the data, and if you have
doubts about its quality, that you make sure these are
documented in the metadata.
• Has the data been changed?
• For example, has the data already been filtered for a specific
purpose? If so, you may want to share the full set of data or
document the changes in the metadata.
The Data Journey
Share Data

What can others share with you?

• When we decide that we need some data, before we

collect it ourselves we should first look to see:
• what's already available
• there might be external data sources you can use
• Identify data that might be useful:
• How do I get this data?
• How accurate and reliable is it?
• Is it subject to regulations?
• Who can I speak to?
The Data Journey
Analyze Data

To get meaning from your data, you need to analyse and

visualise it. But how do you get the best insights?
The Data Journey
Analyze Data

Checking Data
• Janine and Ross start by looking at bike hire
over the summer weeks
• They can see the figures going up and
down, but it doesn’t tell them much that
can help to predict demand
• It rained heavily on the week with the
fewest bike hires.
• It is suggested to find local weather data
for the past few months and see if they can
find a relationship
The Data Journey
Analyze Data

Compare and Contrast

When they analyze the

weather against the number
of bikes hired, they can start
looking for patterns
Quiz

Looking at the chart, what does

the data suggest?
Select all the statements you
think the chart suggests.

A. When the weather's warmer, people hire more bikes

B. People don't hire as many bikes in the warmest weeks
C. People hire fewer bikes when the weather is cloudy
D. Temperature is a more influential factor than sunshine
E. People hire fewer bikes when it rains
The Data Journey
Analyze Data

Visualizing your data

• When you visualize data, you represent it using imagery to help

you find trends and meaning
• How you choose to visualise it depends on what information
you’re trying to gain
• There are many methods, from simple graphs to complex and
interactive illustrations
• You need to be open-minded and study as many visualizations as
necessary, but it’s always best to start as simple as possible and
to make sure you can trust your data before you start
The Data Journey
Analyze Data

Visualizing Data
• Correct any mistakes in the data, like typos
• Remove any data that you know might
artificially skew your results
• But take care to not skew the data yourself
towards your preferred outcome
• Know what you want to look for, or start
with a hypothesis
• Start simple, then bring in more statistics
and sources
• Record your analysis as you go
The Data Journey
Analyze Data

The Right Size?

• Remember, the size of your data set counts.
• In some cases, a relatively small data set might be enough. In others, you
may need to think big. You also need to think about the data quality (lots
of poor quality data isn’t a good thing). This can reduce the impact of any
extreme values that might throw off the average.
• Imagine you measured yourself every year while you were a
growing child. With such a small set of data, you couldn’t use it
to reliably predict how another child might grow.
• If everyone in the country shared the data of how they grew, you’d be
able to make a much better prediction. But could you expect the average
height at each age to be the same in every country? You might need even
more data to be sure of that.
The Data Journey
Analyze Data

Data visualisation and analytics are where you can start

gaining information from the data that you collect, and in
turn, build your knowledge.
The Data Journey
Get Value

• The value you get from analysing data depends on your goal
• This is why it can help to have a hypothesis when you start
your analysis
• Try and be open to unexpected insights, as the value might
not always match your hypothesis
The Data Journey
Get Value

• Your data and insights can be valuable to others

• As Janine and Ross analyse the data over several years, they
might find insights into what certain customers buy and
which products customers buy together, and cross-sell
products to exploit these trends and make more sales
• This sort of data has great financial value to a business.
Market research companies collect data about consumers
using surveys, and then they sell insights to companies for
this very reason
The Data Journey
Get Value

• You should always consider the value of your data to others

• If you collect data and are perhaps considering sharing it for
the purpose of analytics and data innovation, you should ask
yourself a few questions:
• What insight are you offering?
• What knowledge can others gain from the data?
• Is the data in a useful format?
• Can you provide the data in a way that’s easy for people to use?
• Do you know the data's history?
• Has the data been cleaned, altered or filtered at all?
The Data Journey
Get Value

When we are clear about what data we need, define it, source
it (externally or internally) and make sure it is fit for purpose,
this becomes something valuable that should be re-used
elsewhere to provide even more value.
EXPLORING DATA
Data Open Opportunity
Data Open Opportunity
Introduction

• Data is becoming a bigger and bigger part of our

lives, at home and at work. Find out how you can
explore further.
• The world of data is getting more exciting, all the
time.
• Data is increasingly important as computing power
and other technologies evolve to offer new
opportunities.
• You’ve likely heard a number of terms that
describe these technologies.
Data Open Opportunity
Introduction

Artificial
Data Science Data Engineering
Intelligence

Machine
Computational
Learning and Data Mining
Thinking
Neural Networks

Internet of Coding and

The Cloud
Things Programming
Data Open Opportunity
Terms

Data Science
• Data scientists work with data to improve what we can do
with it
• They look at the methods, processes and systems that
people can use to analyse, visualise and gain insight from
data
• The field is connected to many others, like computer
science, statistics, and mathematics
Data Open Opportunity
Terms

Data Engineering
• Data engineers look after data
• They make sure that it’s stored and collected properly
and develop processes to ensure that data is reliable and
robust
• They work closely with data scientists to make sure
organisations get the most they can from their data
Data Open Opportunity
Terms

Artificial Intelligence
• AI generally describes computer software that’s
programmed to make good decisions, solve problems
based on the data it’s given, and learn from experiences
• Imagine you've seen a Labrador and an Alsatian and you
know that they're both dogs. Now imagine you see a
poodle for the first time. You recognise it as a dog even
though you've never seen a poodle before. If a computer
can make a judgement like this based on past experience
and deduction, it would be exhibiting Artificial
Intelligence
Data Open Opportunity
Terms

Machine Learning
• Computers can be programmed to learn. Rather than
telling them exactly what to do, programmers instead tell
them to take data from the world around them and try
things out to achieve a goal. They’ll fail until they get
things right, just like humans do
• This sort of machine learning is often regarded as a
branch of Artificial Intelligence, as both are closely linked
Data Open Opportunity
Terms

Neural Networks
• Neural networks are computer systems that learn
complex relationships within data. Their uses include
modelling systems or processes and classifying data
• Both machine learning and neural networks can enhance
the way that we make decisions. You need a lot of data to
do machine learning, but no matter how clever a
computer gets, it doesn't replace the need for expert
knowledge and judgement
Data Open Opportunity
Terms

Data Mining
• Data mining is similar to data analytics, but instead of
starting with a question requiring an answer, you start
with a data set and look to dig up patterns and
correlations
Data Open Opportunity
Terms

Computational Thinking
• Can you think like a computer? If you want one to solve
your problems, it helps
• Computational thinking is a way of presenting a process
in such a way that a computer can follow it
• This is based on breaking a problem down to the logical
steps that you need to take to solve it
Data Open Opportunity
Terms

Internet of Things
• Security cameras, fridges, watches, televisions… more
and more manufacturers are connecting devices – the
things in your life – to the internet
• Sometimes, this is just to download software updates for
the tiny computers inside. Often, it’s to provide extra
services to help you connect devices and share data, like
fitness watches and mobile phone apps that let you track
and share your running and cycling activities
Data Open Opportunity
Terms

The Cloud
• What happens if you have a computing task that’s too big
or impractical to perform on your own computer? Or how
about if you want to back-up or store files in a larger or
safer location?
• The Cloud uses the Internet to connect your computer to
entire networks of machines that can store, process and
manage data
Data Open Opportunity
Terms

Coding and Programming

• Although more and more computer software is designed
to learn and make its own decisions, we still need to tell it
what to do in the first place
• Computer languages, such as Python, C++ and Java, have
different sets of instructions and grammar (‘syntax’), but
in different situations they can all be used to write
software that processes and makes use of data
SUMMARY
Summary of The Course

• You have seen a high level overview of the data journey

and how it helps you gain information and then
knowledge on a specific process, service or piece of
equipment.
• You have gained an appreciation of how businesses get
value from finding, sharing and analysing data.
• You have gained an overview of key terms used within
data analytics.
• You have discovered additional learning pathways to
further your learning within the space of data and digital.
Thank You

Credit by:

Rolls-Royce Company