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 Lossy Integrator
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 Gain Limiting Frequency

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 Application of Integrator

(1)Triangular and Ramp waveform generation.

(2)A to D convertor.
(3)PID controller.

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 fb

fa

fc

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 Instrumentation Amplifier

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 Vo1

V1

V2

Vo2

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 At some frequency when
phase shift of cascaded RC
n/w is exactly 180 & gain of
amplifier is larger then the
circuit will oscillate at that
frequency known as
Oscillating frequency.

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Note :- Finally Draw circuit diagram with all components value
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 Note :- Finally Draw circuit diagram with all components value

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 RC Phase shift Oscillator Wien Bridge Oscillator

(1) Feedback network is RC (1) Feedback network is Lead-

network with three RC sections. Lag network .
(2) Feedback network (2) Feedback network does not
introduces 180 phase shift. introduces ant phase shift.

(3) Op-amp is used in Inverting (3) Op-amp is used in Inverting

mode. mode.

(4) Frequency of Oscillation, (4) Frequency of Oscillation,

(5) Amplifier Gain condition is, (5) Amplifier Gain condition is,
|A| >= 29 |A| >= 3
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 Note :- Finally Draw circuit diagram with all components value

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 Ch-2 Continue

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