The Impact of Gender on XI-Universal Students of Rafael B.

Lacson Memorial High

School on Developing Entrepreneurial Skills

Chapter 1

Background of the Study

Over the past three decades, women have made significant progress in entrepreneurship
and new venture creation (Kickul et al., 2008); consequently, female entrepreneurship and its
social and economic importance are of increasing interest. Concurrently, research into women’s
entrepreneurship has gained importance since the late 1990s (Arenius and Kovalainen, 2006, Ettl
and Welter, 2010, Greer and Greene, 2003, Langowitz and Minniti, 2007). However, although
the number of female entrepreneurs has increased significantly in recent years in Spain and
similarly developed countries, empirical evidence still indicates that the number of businesses
owned by women is significantly lower than the number of businesses owned by men, and that
twice as many men become entrepreneurs as do women (Acs et al., 2005, Gupta et al., 2014).
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project has examined entrepreneurial activity in
more than 70 countries, and the results show that the ratio of women to men in terms of
entrepreneurship is low, reflecting low participation by women (Kwong et al., 2009, Langowitz
and Minniti, 2007, Minniti et al., 2005).

In an attempt to identify the underlying reasons for gender differences in entrepreneurship,

some authors such as Reynolds et al. (2001), Langowitz and Minniti (2007) and Almeida-Couto
and Borges-Tiago (2009) have focused on the groups of factors that have been traditionally
considered as determinants for making the individual decision of starting a new business:
contextual factors, socio-demographic factors (e.g., gender, age, educational level, employment
status) and individuals’ perceptual factors (e.g., self-efficacy, ability to recognize opportunities,
fear of failure, regretful thinking, perseverance). Drawing on this typology, our research puts its
focus on analyzing the role played by perceptual factors on the entrepreneurial intention reported
by men and women.
 Therefore, it is reasonable to think that male and female entrepreneurs could not
significantly differ in their levels of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and consequently, their
behaviors and attitudes toward entrepreneurship would not affected by such perceptual factor.
To this respect, Kirkwood (2009) showed that most female entrepreneurs were inclined to report
higher levels of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitudes over time and,
consequently, that the differences between the entrepreneurial behavior of men and women
usually significantly decreased when these individuals undertook entrepreneurial activities.

Statement of the Problem

Research title: The impact on the Genders of Grade XI-Universal Students of Rafael B. Lacson
Memorial High School on Developing Entrepreneurial Skills

What will be done: This research will be conducted to know the impact on the gender in
developing entrepreneurial skills in the students of Grade XI-Universal of RBLMHS

Purpose of the study: To Identify which Gender develops and excels more skills on
entrepreneurship

Who will be studied: The High School students of Grade XI-Universal

Where: In Rafael B. Lacson Memorial High School, Gmeet

When: June 2, 2022

General Objective: This study or research objective will be conducted to see the extent of skills
and knowledge about being an entrepreneur of the Grade XI-Universal students of RBLMHS too
see which gender has the most success of being an entrepreneur.
Scope and Limitation

The focus of the study is to determine if gender disparity has an impact when it comes to
developing entrepreneurial skills on XI – Universal students of Rafael B. Lacson Memorial High
School.

The researcher limited the study to the students in XI – Universal of Rafael B. Lacson Memorial
High School. Necessary information or data in the study were obtained by the conducted online
interview to all our respondents through zoom meeting. By conducting this study, it will be
possible to determine which of the two genders exhibit better entrepreneurial skills than the other

Significance of the Study

The researchers believe that this study will not only yield data that will be helpful, more so
to the following individuals, organizations, or group of people:

Teachers: This will allow the teachers to understand the impact of gender in entrepreneurship
works on different aspects in life and how to teach the students on developing it for future
purposes.

Students: This will give students some ideas on how entrepreneurship works and how does
gender related to the impact of entrepreneurship, and this will also give them tips and tricks on
how to implement it when they start their own business.

Parents: This will help parents gain some ideas on when and how to start their business in the
future, in addition this will help them guide their children on how to run or start their business.
School Administrators: This will give them the idea on what program to add in the school to
educate students about the ideas of being an entrepreneur.

Researcher: This is where the researcher will gain and obtain such useful information on the
process of making this research and study happen.

Future Researcher: This will help them gain some ideas on what to search and study about on
scopes of this research topic. This also help them gain the utmost knowledge that this research
paper can give them.

Definition of Terms

For the purpose of clarification, the important terms used in this study have been defined.
The following terms are:

Entrepreneurship- is the creation or extraction of economic value. With this definition,

entrepreneurship is viewed as change, generally entailing risk beyond what is normally
encountered in starting a business, which may include other values than simply economic ones.

Entrepreneur- a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater
than normal financial risk in order to do so.

Grade 11- refers to the learners who are enrolled in the eleventh grade in Rafael B. Lacson
Memorial High School.

Researcher- someone whose job is to study a subject carefully, especially in order to discover
new information or understand the subject better.
Students- someone who is learning at school or at any teaching environment.