UCSP REVIEWER Other Key Concepts:

Culture, Society, and Politics 1. Culture

Culture
- Originated from the Latin word ‘Cultura’ which is
translated as “to cultivate”
- A complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art,
law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits
acquired by the people as members of society
- An institution’s or organization’s collection of
common attitudes, beliefs, ideals, and practices
- Is everything about a population’s way of life that is
carried down from generation to generation,
including its art, values, beliefs, religion, and
institutions
- Ex: using “po” and “opo” to show respect

Society 2. Society
- Organized group or groups of independent people who - The community of people living in a particular country
share a common territory, language, and culture, and who or region having shared customs, laws, and
act together for collective survival and well-being organizations
- Ex: industrial society
Politics
- Refers to the “theory, art, and practice of government” 3. Politics
- It can be a process of negotiating agreements among
individuals
Social, Political, and Cultural Behavior and Phenomena - Ex: civil rights

Norm 4. Gender
- Norme (French); Norma (Latin) - It determines how individual perceive themselves and
- Served as guides or models of behavior which tells us what one another
is proper or improper, appropriate or inappropriate, right - Male and female
or wrong
5. Nationality
Key Terms - The status of belonging to a particular nation
 Social Control - Ex: Filipino
- Maintain conformity to established norms and rules
6. Exceptionality
 Deviancy - The state of processing a characteristic that sets them
- Behavior that are relatively or distinctively set away out from the norm in some aspect of their functioning
from the norm - Ex: intellectual disability

 Taboos 7. Religion
- Manifestations of deviancy - Can be defined as a system of beliefs and practices by
means of which a group of people struggle with these
 Conformity ultimate problems of human life
a) Decency - Ex: Christianity
 Manners and behavior that show a person’s
refinement and civility 8. Socioeconomic Status
b) Conventionality - An economic and sociological combined total
 Folkways; beliefs or practices that are acceptable measure of a person’s work experience and of an
to certain culture/s but can be inimical to others individual’s or family’s economic access to resources
and social position in relation to others
 Deviance - Ex: occupational status
a) Formal Deviance
 Violation of law 9. Ethnicity
 Ex: murder, homicide - Is an identity with a group of people who share the
b) Informal Deviance cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth
 Violations to social norms that are not codified - Is a particular ethnic group or affinity
into law - Ex: Asian
 Ex: not following parents
Social, Political, and Cultural Change
Change
- Changes in culture bring about changes in society and
human beings bring about changes in culture and
politics
Social Change
- Refers to variations or modifications in the patterns of
social organization, of sub groups within a society, or
of the entire society itself
- Cause of Social Change: Invention, Discovery, and
Diffusion
I. Invention
 Defined as a new combination or a new use
of existing knowledge
 It produces mechanical objects, ideas, and
social patterns that reshape society to
varying degrees
II. Discovery
 Addition to the store of verified knowledge
 It provides something new to the culture
only after discovery happened or took place
III. Diffusion
 Refers to the spread of culture traits from
one group to another
 Culture diffused through the process of
Enculturation, Socialization, Association,
and Integration
 Process of Culture Diffusion
 Enculturation – takes place when one
culture is spread to the other through
learning
 Socialization – refers to learning
through constant exposure and
experience to culture
 Association – establishing a connection
with the culture thereby bringing areas
of convergence and cultural symbiosis
 Integration – is the total assimilation of
culture as manifested by change of
worldview, attitudes, behavior, and
perspectives of looking things
The Essence of Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology
Anthropology
- From Greek words ‘Anthropos’ which means “man or
human being” and ‘logos’ which means “law that
governs”
- Four Fields of Anthropology
I. Cultural Anthropology
II. Linguistic Anthropology
III. Archaeology
IV. Biological / Physical Anthropology
Sociology
- Derived from the Latin word socius, meaning
“associate”, and the Greek word logos, meaning “law
that governs”
- Microsociology
- Macrosociology – large scale
Political Science
- Originated from the Greek word ‘polis’ which means
“city or state”
- The art and science of governing city/state
- The social process or strategy in any position of
control
- Deals with the study of government and political
processes, institutions, and behavior of various
political actors
- Systematic study of political and government
institutions and processes
Anthropological and Sociological Perspective on Culture and Society
Culture
- Originated from the Latin word ‘cultura’ which is
translated as “to cultivate”
- A complex whole which includes knowledge, belief,
art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities
and habits acquired by the people as members of
society
- Is a way of life, a national identity, an attitude and
consolidated beliefs and a complex system of shared
social elements within a particular society
- The individual’s taste, inclination, and interest in the
“fine arts”
- Being civilized
- A complex whole
- Characteristics of Culture
 Dynamic
 Integrated
 Shared
 Patterned Social Interactions
 Learned through Enculturation
Manifestations of Culture
 Artifacts – objects made by human beings either hand-
made or mass-produced
 Arts and Recreation
 Clothes
 Customs and Traditions
 Food
 Government – the one that implement rules, keep peace
and order, and address conflicts in the community
 Knowledge – the psychological result of perception,
learning, and reasoning