M.sc.

Nursing (Community Health Nursing)

 TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGE
CHAPTER TITLE
NO

INTRODUCTION  

Introduction  

Background of the study  

Need of the study  

Problem statement  

Objectives of the study  

CHAPTER I
Operational definitions  
 
Scope of study  

Assumption  

Research question  

Ethical aspect  

Conceptual frame work  

Summary  

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE  

  Review of literature related to perception

 
regarding e- learning

Review of literature related to attitude  

 regarding e- learning

CHAPTER RESEARCH METHODOLOGY  

III
Introduction  
 
Research approach  

Research design  

Research setting  

Identification of the target population and

 
accessible population

Sample  

sample size and sampling technique  

Eligibility criteria  

Inclusion criterion  

Exclusion criterion  

Research variables  

Description and development of tool  

Feasibility of the study  

Testing of the tool  

Validity  

Pilot study  

Reliability  

Method of data collection relevant to

 
objectives

Plan for data analysis  

 Summary  

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER  
OF DATA
IV
Summary  

MAJOR FINDINGS, DISCUSSION,

IMPLICATION, RECOMMENDATION  
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
 

CHAPTER V
REFERENCES
 
ANNEXURES  

ABSTRACT  

MASTER SHEET  

LIST OF TABLES
TABL PAGE
TITLE
E NO

FIG.
TITLE PAGE NO.
NO.
 1.1 Conceptual framework 22

3.1 Schematic representation of research design 48

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF GRAPHS

GRAP TITLE PAGE NO.

H No.
4.1 Distribution of age

ANNEXURE

ANNEXURES NO TITLE OF ANNEXURES PAGE

SR.N
NO
O
Format for submission of topic
1 I by p.g.student)
.
2
II Report of ethics committee
Letter for utilization of library
3 III
facility
Letter seeking experts opinion
4 IV
for content validity
List of experts for content
5 V
validity
6 VI Certificateof validation
VII (A) Certificate of English editing
7
VII (B) Certificate of English editing
7
Certificate of analysis and
VIII
8 statistics to whomsoever it may
concern
Letter seeking permission to
9 IX (A)
conduct pilot study
IX (B) Letter seeking permission to
9
conduct main study
X (A)
10 Informed consent English
X (A) a
10 Informed consent Marathi
ANNEXURE – XI (A)
11 Assent consent
XI (A) a Assent consent Marathi
11
Certificate of work Embodied in
12 XII
the dissertation
XIII (A)
13 Tool of the study
XIII (A)
13 Tool of the study Marathi
Abstract background and
XIV
14 objectives

XV List of abbreviations used

15
TABLE OF GRAPHS
SR.N FIGURE.NO TITLE PAGE
O NO

2 4.2 Distribution of gender

3 4.3 Distribution of family type

4 4.4
Distribution of residential area during
lockdown

5 4.5 Distribution of father’s occupation

6 4.6 Distribution of mother’s occupation

7 4.7 Distribution of father’s education

8 4.8 Distribution of mother’s education

9 4.9 Distribution of medium of school

education

10 4.10 level of perception among Secondary

School Certificate students regarding e-
learning
11 4.11 level of attitude among School Certificate
students regarding e-learning.
CHAPTER- I
 INTRODUCTIN

“Online learning is rapidly becoming one of the most cost-effective ways to educate the world’s rapidly
expanding workforce”

-Jack Messman

A learning system based on formalized teaching but with the help of electronic resources is known as E-
learning. E-Learning is the learning facilitated and supported by Information Communication technologies
(ICT) to enable people to learn anytime and anywhere E-learning is nothing but the use of technology to
connect teachers and students who are physically miles apart. E-Learning involves the use of multi-media
to enhance learning. E-Learning can include training, the delivery of just-intime information and guidance
from experts. While teaching can be based in or out of the classrooms, the use of computers and the
Internet forms the major component of E-learning. E-learning platform provides anywhere, anytime easy
access for upgradation of knowledge and skills. It provides a platform wherein the individual gets a
customized package related to key thematic areas through a self-guided process. The presence of an
instructor is not required and learners can decide their own time and venue for learning. This provides a
great amount of flexibility for the learner, allowing learning to fit within their busy lives. In the physical
absence of an instructor, it is important for e-learning to be impactful yet engaging. This is achieved by
infusing e-learning courses with attractive visuals, audio and retained by the brain for longer periods.
Various sectors, including agriculture, medicine, education, services, business, and government setups are
adapting to the concept of E-learning which other multimedia elements including simulations and
animations. The schools which use E-learning technologies are a step ahead of those which still have the
traditional approach towards learning. No doubt, it is equally important to take forward the concept of non-
electronic teaching with the help of books and lectures, but the importance and effectiveness of technology-
based learning cannot be taken lightly or ignored completely. It is believed that the human brain can easily
remember and relate to what is seen and heard via moving pictures or videos. It has also been found that
visuals, apart from holding the attention of the student, are also helps in the progress of a nation1

The purpose of education is to mold a person to be perfect. Education provides the pathway to reach their
destiny. Education helps in inculcating social responsibilities as well. The main core of education is to
learn. Learning is a process of acquiring knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being taught.
Any freak accident that happens in the world will always leave its impact on education. And so the
epidemic of COVID 19 has its footprints on education. 2

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected educational system worldwide. It has forced educational
institutions to close, which has impacted over 90% of the world’s student population. As the face to face
learning method is no longer appropriate during this unusual phase of Covid-19 pandemic, the situation
led to forced immersion of learners into e-learning during this period of Covid-19 Lockdown. In order to
continue teaching and learning practices in educational institutions, our education system has resorted to
online mode of learning, which is an imperfect yet quick solution to the crises.3
The impact of pandemic COVID-19 is observed in every sector around the world. The education sectors of
India as well as world are badly affected by this. It has enforced the world wide lock down creating very
bad effect on the students' life. Around 32 crore learners stopped to move schools/colleges, all educational
activities halted in India. The outbreak of COVID-19 has advised us that change is inevitable. It has
worked as a catalyst for the educational institutions to grow and opt for platforms and techniques, which
have not been used before. The education sector has been fighting to survive the crises with a different
approach and digital challenges to wash away the threat of the pandemic. This paper highlights some
measures taken by Govt. of India to provide seamless education in the country. Both the positive and
negative impacts of COVID-19 are discussed and some fruitful carry out educational activities during the
pandemic situation.4

The UGC panel recommends up to 40% of instructions be delivered online. The UGC decided that HEIs
should be allowed to teach up to 40% of each course online, with the remaining 60% taught offline.
Exams for teaching in both modes can be given online, according to UGC Secretary Rajnish Jain.5

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The virus was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared a
Public Health Emergency of International Concern regarding COVID-19 on 30 January 2020, and later
declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As of 19 June 2021, more than 177 million cases have been
confirmed, with more than 3.85 million confirmed deaths attributed to COVID-19, making it one of the
deadliest pandemics in history. The severity of COVID-19 symptoms is highly variable, ranging from
unnoticeable to life-threatening. Severe illness is more likely in elderly COVID-19 patients, as well as
those who have underlying medical conditions. COVID-19 transmits when people breathe in air
contaminated by droplets and small airborne particles. The risk of breathing these in is highest when
people are in close proximity, but they can be inhaled over longer distances, particularly indoors.
Transmission can also occur if splashed or sprayed with contaminated fluids, in the eyes, nose or mouth,
and, rarely, via contaminated surfaces. People remain contagious for up to 20 days, and can spread the
virus even if they do not develop any symptoms.6

The orders of “Stay Home and Social Distancing” had no one safe. Students couldn’t go out due to this
closure. India has the world’s largest population that offers substantial opportunities in the education
industry. Schools, colleges, and institutions are using online teaching as the primary mode of classes. The
teachers and instructor steadily organize online webinars and meetings. The requirement for online
teaching and learning has shown a massive explosion since the closure. It represents an enormous demand
that is rising for online learning. Online teaching has been widely used in many countries as their
dominant mode of education. The online teaching method needs only reliable internet connectivity and a
laptop or smartphones as necessary. Also, students do not have to move from one place to another, so the
traveling time is minimal. The retaining capacity is also strengthened because of travel; the student
wouldn’t feel depressed.Learning from home always offers a pleasant place to focus, as students can
determine the best environment for themselves. The significance of virtual learning is rising, as the
 academic year has been radically disrupted due to COVID-19. Online teaching brings a lot to the learning
table for all students because they are from pre-school or graduate level. Numerous digital tech
companies have played a significant role in the change like google classroom, Zoom, Microsoft Teams.7

Educational institutions and students across the world have accepted and appreciated the online platform of
learning. The reasons of this acceptability are ease of use, learning flexibility and controllable
environment. However, despite its multiple advantages there are quite a few limitations of e-learning such
as social isolation, face to face interaction between teacher and student, connectivity issues, etc. learning
has never been adopted and accepted as real learning or the formal mode of education before this on
going pandemic that compelled to resort to electronic learning solution by world over . Now, at the hour
of pandemic crisis, most of the educational institutions are exploring and approaching towards e-learning
to make it easy for students to work out at new normal. Also, various e-teaching software are being
explored by teachers or educators to bring maximum possible ease for their students . As a matter of fact,
as this e-learning wave is a recent development, teachers as well as students are in the process of adapting
this new teaching and learning methodology. At this prevailing situation of virtual teaching and setting of
new normal of teaching-learning methodology, it becomes all more important to get to know the opinion
of learners and to explore learners’ inclination towards this novel teaching methodology, such as their
degree of adaptation and amendment if any they would like to suggest for the same or want to reject it
altogether . Against such a backdrop, this study aims to examine the perception of e-learning during
COVID-19 lockdown period.8

Aneesh.t (2020) conducted a study on “perception of students towards e-learning during covid 19 pandemic”,
descriptive in nature . in the study, data is collected from the respondents through a well-structured
questionnaire the stratified method of sampling is used for the sample selection of the study the sample
size is fixed at 440 students comprising of pg and ug students of christ college irijalakuda the study
result shown that, A total of 450 (63.66%) were male and 260 (36.34%) were female student in this
study .Study result shown that  E-learning was considered less effective than face-to-face learning in
terms of increasing skills (M = 2.1, M = 4.6, respectively) (P < 0.001)some of the students have a low
perception towards e-learning at the time of covid 19 pandemic9

Busra Bakioglu (2022) conducted study on the Investigating students’ E-Learning attitudes

in times of crisis (COVID-19 pandemic) a descriptive design is used and aimed to investigate the
moderating effect of COVID-19and the mediating role of Attitudes towards E-Learning in the prediction
of preservice teachers’academic motivation with their computer self-efficacy perceptionswith the data of
522 participants It is use a 7-point Likert-type scale with the questionnaire .according to some
variables.administered to the teacher candidates the result revealed that , levels of fear of contracting
COVID-19. It was determined that female preservice teachers participating in the study (9.3%) were more
fearful of COVID-19 than male preservice teachers (6.0%). But there was no signifcant relationship
between pre-service teachers’ and their gender 10

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

There has been an increasing interest in e-learning in teacher training at universities during the last ten years.
With the developing technology, educational methods have differed as well as many other processes
Students have access to the course contents whenever they want and communicate with their peers or
teachers via communication tools such as e-mail and forums. In order the distance learning system to
succeed in e-learning, the program should be planned as both synchronized and asynchronized.11

Education plays a vital role in the all-around and inclusive development of students as well as nations.
Education provides the individual with knowledge and skill and enables the individual to know his duties
and rights. It expands vision and outlook to see the whole world. It enables us to fight against corruption,
injustice and many other evils in the society. So, learning of all the learners of all ages and stages must be
safeguarded.Today we are in the era of e-learning or online learning and it is very important to make the
students aware of the importance and utility of online learning or e-learning. Hence, the present study will
help to know how the student’s reacted and think about online learning and what is their attitude towards
it. From the aforesaid discussion, it is clear that proper understanding of the e-learning among school
student is pre requisite. As they are the future of the nation, thus needs to be developed technologically
advance to compete in the challenging scenario. Thus, school students are essentially to be well
acquainted with E-learning or online learning. Also, there is need of developing suitable strategies that
can improve their knowledge and skills regarding e-learning. Thus, investigator wants to know the
attitude of secondary school students towards e-learning12

The term “e- learning was coined by Elliot Maisie in 1999 at Tech learn conference at Disneyworld13

A leaving system based on formalized teaching but with the help of electronic resource know as e-
learning .while teaching can be based in or out of the classroom by using computer and internet 14

The severely horrific impact if COVID - 19 has shaken the world its core. In India too, the government as a
part of the nationwide lockdown has closed all educational intuitions, as a sequence of which learners
ranging form school going children to postgraduate students, were affected. these nationwide closures
were impacted over 91% of the world’s student population .Therefore, the government has come up with
the e-learning program and many educational and institutions have tried to encourage the occasion by
offering free online classes15

Online learning helps students to create and communicate new ideas. get the chance to uplift the skills
and gain knowledge apart from school education. One of the prime importance of e-learning is that it
helps students and teachers develop advanced skills .As per the KPMG report, India’s online education
industry will see a growth of about 6 times by 2021. Surprisingly, the number of users enrolling in e-
learning may touch 9.6 million users by 2021, from 1.6 million users in 2016. Estimates indicate that the
eLearning market worldwide will grow immensely to the tune of more than 243 billion U.S. dollars by
2022. These forecasts indicate that eLearning is all set to become a global trend, and more and more
people may go for it over traditional classroom setting16
 Elfaki et al. (2019) compared impact of E-Learning and impact of traditional learning on student’s
performance and attitude. Main objective of the study was to investigate the impact of e-learning on
academic performance of students. Result of the present study revealed that electronic education affects
better learning outcomes than traditional face to face learning. Significant differences were found between
the attitude of student’s attained online classes and classes with traditional methods towards ELearning.
Students who were attaining online classes had high positive attitude than students who were attaining
face-to-face classes towards E-Learning. E-Learning provides better academic performance than face to
face learning in higher educational institutions.17

Ahsan, et.al.(2015)conducted study on Attitude of nursing students towards E – learning the aim of this
study is to determine the attitude of nursing students towards e-learning. A quantitative, cross sectional
study was carried out. One hundred and twenty nursing students participated in study. The data was
analyzed by SPSS 20. The study shown results Of the total 120 students, 86% were females. The mean
scores for perceived usefulness, intention to adopt, ease of learning and pressure to use e learning were
3.68,3.74,3.64 and 3.69 which are significantly more than the mean scores for technical support and e
learning stressors i.e. 3.25, 3.05 Our study shows that the nursing students are ready to adopt e-learning
and recognize its uses in education but they consider the difficulties with technical support and stress of
using technology as a hindered18

Perception and attitude directly affects their behaviours and academic performance hence, it is necessary
to assess the perception and attitude of e – learning among Secondary School Certificate students to make
teaching – learning process more effective

PROBLEM STATEMENT

“A Study to assess the perception and attitude of e – learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among
Secondary School Certificate students”

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1. To assess the perception regarding e -learning among Secondary School Certificate students.

2. To assess the attitude regarding e- learning among Secondary School Certificate students.

3. To correlate the perception and attitude regarding e learning among Secondary School Certificate
students.

4. To find out the association of perception and attitude with selected demographic variables.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:

1) Assess:
 According to oxford English dictionary,assess means an opinion or a judgment about someone or
something that has been thought about very carefully.

In this study assess refers to the level of the perception and attitude regarding e- learning
amongselected Secondary school student.

2) Perception:

According to Cambridge dictionary, Perception is a Belief or an opinion ,often held by many

people and based on how things seems to be.

In this studyPerceptionrefers to awareness, comprehension or an understanding regarding e-

learning among Secondary School Certificate students.

3) Attitude:

According to Cambridge dictionary attitude is a feeling or opinion about something or someone,

or a way of behaving that is caused through experience.

In this study attitude refers to the way in which studentsthink, feel or behave regarding e-
learningamong Secondary School Certificate students

4) e – learning :

According to cambridge dictionary, e- learning refers to a system of learning that uses electronic
media, typically over the internet.

In this study e- learning refers to a system based on formalize teaching learning process for the
student but with help of electronic media.

5) Secondary School :

According to Webster dictionary, a school intermediate between elementary school and college and
usually offering general, technical, vocational or college-preparatory course

In this study Secondary School refers to the students those who are studying in 10thclass under the
Maharashtra state board.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

We are living a hard time for humanity. The appearance of a highly contagious virus, which causes a
disease like COVID-19, has completely changed the way we live. Since the World Health Organization
declared that we are going through a pandemic, many governments have decided to implement quarantine
as a preventive measure.
This has led to many schools being closed all over the world and, as an effective way to protect the
education of children and young people, scope of E learning is gaining popularity.
 E- Learningstrength the modern concept of teachinglearning through the use of technological
devices.

 E- Learning enhances and improves the thought process of the student .

 E- Learning helpsto Didactic educational platforms which help in reducing burden of student and
teacher.

 E- Learninghelpstudents tochats live and to attend lecture through video conferences.

 E- Learningis self –placed learning it helps student to enhance learning styles.

ASSUMPTION

The study assumes that-

 The perception may be varyregarding e- learning among Secondary School Certificate students

 The Attitude may be vary regarding e- learning among Secondary School Certificate students

RESEARCH QUESTION

What is the level of perception e – learning among Secondary School Certificate students?

What is the level attitude of e – learning among Secondary School Certificate students?

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1. The study was conducted only on Secondary student.

2. The study was only limited to 400 samples.

3. The study was limited only for school setting

ETHICAL ASPECTS

1) The study will proceed only after getting sanctioned by ethics committee of college.

2) The permission will be obtained from the concerned school.

3) The informed consent will be taken from student and their parents.

4) The information collected from the student’s will be kept confidential and the subjects will be
kept anonyms.

5) The data generated during research process will be extensively used for benefits of the sample.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Conceptual framework is interrelated concept or abstract that are assembletogether in some rational
scheme by virtue of their relevance to a common
theme.Eachconceptualframeworkproposesadifferentviewofthemeta-paradigmconcepts which provides
clear description of variables, suggesting ways ormethodto conduct the study and guiding the
interpretation of the significant findings. In thepresent study the investigator adapted the modified
conceptual framework based onmodifiedLudwig vonBertalanffy's1968GeneralSystemmodel.

According to this model all living systems are open systems, which
promotetheexchangeofmatter,energyandinformationwiththeothersystemandenvironment. The exchange
within open system, between open system and theirsupra system is continuous. The dynamic balance
within the supra system helps tocreate and maintain internal stability. The change in one part of the
system createschange in other part. In all systems activities can be recorded into an aggregate
offeedback in circuits such as input,throughput and output. The openness of thehuman systems made
the investigator to assess the relationship among the
factorsthataffectthepersonwhichincludestheinfluenceofsubsystemand suprasystem.

Ludwigopentheorymodelfocusesonthreeareas:
 Input
 Throughput
 Output
 Feedback
INPUT:-
Inputreferstothematter,energy,orinformationreceivedfromtheenvironment into the system.
In this study, the Secondary School Certificate studentsand their Age,Gender, Family type, Residential
area During lockdown, Father’s occupation, Mother’soccupation. Father’s Education, Mother’sEducation,
Type of school consideredas inputs.

THROUGHPUT:-
Throughput refers to the processby which matter,energyand informationis modified or transform within the
system.
In the present study throughput isstructuredquestionnaireregarding perception and attitude of e – learning.

OUTPUT:-
Output inthismodelreferstomatter,energyand information thatarereleasedfromthe systemintothe
environment.

In this present study output includes the level of perception and attitude of e – learningof Secondary School
Certificate studentsi.e. very low perception, low perception ,moderate perception, high perception, very
high perception. And Extremely Low attitude, Low attitude, Average attitude,high attitude, Extremely
High attitudestructuredquestionnaire

FEEDBACK:

Feedback is processing whereby the output of the system is redirected tothroughputof thesamesystem.

In this present studyfeedbackcanbemeasuredbytheoutput.feedback includes communication of the findings

regarding thelevel of perception and attitudetothestudents. .
INPUT THROUGHPUT OUTPUT

Very low perception

Modified rating
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
scale for assess the Low perception
Age, Gender, Family Type, Residential perception level
Area During Lockdown, Father’s Moderate perception
Occupation, Mother ’S Occupation.
Father’s Education, Mother’s Education, High perception
Medium of School
Modified rating Very high perception
scale for assess the
Attitude level

Extremely low attitude

Low attitude

Average attitude

High attitude

Extremely high attitude

FEEDBACK
SUMMARY

This chapter deals with introduction, background of the study, need of the study, problem
statement, objectives of the study, operational definition, scope of the study, assumption,
research question, ethical aspects and conceptual framework
 CHAPTERII

REVIEWOFLITERATURE

“Knowledge is of two kinds.We know a subject ourselves or We know where we can find
information up on it”

Nursing research may be considered a continuing process in which knowledge gained from earlier studies
is an integral part of research in a general. before any research can be started whether it is a single study
or an extended. (Samuel Johnson)

A Review of related literature give an insight into the various aspects of the problem under the study .The
Review serves an integrated function that facilitates the accumulation of knowledge. Hence, review of
literature is important to order to know what has been established and documented.

Review of literature is a key step in research process. It is referring to an extensive, exhaustive and
systematic examination of publications relevant to the research project d project, a literature reviews of
previous studies an experience related to the proposed investigations should be done. one of the most
satisfying aspect of the literature review is the contribution it makes to the new knowledge insight, and
general scholarship of researches.

The term “Review of Related Literature” refers to the past knowledge of the studies that has been
reviewed again related to the present topic of the research. Literature review involves the surveys of
articles and other sources of the concerned area of the topic. The reviews explain the previous ideas and
help the researcher to borrow new ideas in the present study.

The review of literature is presented under the following headings:

1. A review of literature related to perception regarding e- learning

2. A review of literature related to attitude regarding e- learning

1. A review of literature related to perception regarding e-learning

ArunkumarChaudhari and PawanGoyal. (2022) Conducted a survey on perception of online learning

during COVID-19 pandemic in India in study researcher was distributing an online questionnaire to 710
medical students. A total of 452 (63.66%) were male and 258 (36.34%) were female student in this study.
Study result shown that E-learning was considered less effective than face-to-face learning in terms of
increasing skills (M = 2.1, M = 4.6, respectively) (P < 0.001) 19

AmelabdElaziem Mohamed (2022) Conducted study on Perception, Satisfaction, and Obstacle of

Online Learning Faced by Academic Nursing Students during COVID-19 Pandemic, A descriptive
research design was used on study the study sample is 230 student convenient sampling technique are
used including all the third academic nursing students for data collection an online questionnaire was
used for data collection. the study Results is revealed that the showed the perception of the studied
academic nursing students regarding online learning. It illustrated that the academic nursing students' total
perception toward online learning was (56.33±14.17), with the high perception Mean+ SD directed
toward online learning Regarding the students' total motivation toward online learning was Mean ± SD
(5.72±2.27). In addition, the students' total obstacles of online learning were Mean ± SD (5.72±1.89).
most used platform among academic nursing students was the Microsoft platform for online learning. The
most obstacles faced by the students during online learning concern the Learners' characteristics
dimension, as well as less than two-thirds of the studied academic nursing students, face a high level of
obstacles. Also, about two-thirds of students were unsatisfied with their online learning experience.20

Anita (2022 )conducted research study on students’ perception and motivation toward English e-learning
during covid-19 pandemic at ninth grade of mtsn 1 serang city in this study descriptive qualitative
research research approach used . collecting data for study they used interview and questionnaire
method. the sample of study is choose 10 students of 9th a class and 10 students of 9th b class as
informants study shown students’ respondents (51.63%) were females whereas 48.37% were males.
84.78% of the respondents(M = 22.66, SD = 2.15). perception toward English e-learning duringgcovid-19
pandemic is quite good, because the process of -learning English is easier with e-learning and also a good
alternative way to do learning in the era covid-19 pandemic21

Foong Ming Moy and Yit Han Ng( 2021) conducted a study on Perception motivation towards E-
learning and COVID-19 on the mental health status of university students in japan Study participants
were tertiary education students from both the private and public universities in japan. Study data were
collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools The questionnaire was constructed in
the English language A total of 367 students participated, Data analysis with Mean with standard
deviation (SD) (5.72±2.39) or median with inter-quartile range (IQR) was used to represent the normally
distributed or skewed data respectively. Students’ perception on e-learning About 80% of the participants
agreed that their academic study was affected by the COVID-1922

Khaledmohsen and Mohammad Omar Amin (2021) Conducted study on assess the Faculty’s and
students’ perceptions of online learning during COVID-19 use the two online surveys .there was Fifty
faculty members and 280 student selected by randomly Two online surveys were created by Google
Docs. The survey was designed in a Likert Scale format for rating statement. The study showed that
faculty agreed on the point of online learning To be concise, faculty responses were debatable whether
students at online classes can outperform students with face-to-face instruction, as reflected in the item’s
mean score = (M 2.9388) Students’ Survey . The study examined the effectiveness of online learning
during COVID-19 The effectiveness of online learning ranges in delivering online learning during the
crisis with an SD of 0.67 and 3.548. This means the study participants found online learning useful The
study showed that online education is less effective than online classes.23

KalpanaRamachandran et.al (2020) Conducted study on Perception of medical students about online
learning in the COVID-19. This survey analyses the perception A cross-sectional descriptive
questionnaire based study was done and first year medical students were asked to respond. The
respondents were asked to answer the questions in Likert-scale, from 1-5. Statistical analysis was done
and Test for one proportion was calculated using ‘z’ test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
A total of 122 first year medical students responded to the survey. The pandemic has posed an
unprecedented challenge to the academic schedule. Although many challenges were faced by the
teachers and learners, internet connectivity continued to be a major problem in online education. It is the
duty of every educationist to ensure an uninterrupted, continuous an effective process of teaching and
learning24

Shete et al. (2020) conducted a study on the perception of MBBS students regarding E-Learning during
COVID-19 lockdown. The objective of the study was to find out the perception of students regarding e-
learning during COVID-19 pandemic period.the study was descriptive nature to find out the perception
The findings of the study revealed that majority of 62 percent students agreed to use both face to face and
E-Learning. Face to face learning was preferred by thirty one percent students and E-Learning was
preferred by 7 percent students. with an SD of 0.69 and 4.149 30 Blended learning was preferred by the
learners. Number of students used mobile phones was greater than the number of students used laptops
the study result shown positive perception of MBBS students E-Learning during COVID-19 lockdown 25

Md. EmranHossainet.al ( 2021 ) conducted study on Students’ Perception of Online Class During
Covid19 Pandemic: An Ordered PROBIT Model Estimation based on a telephone survey among 200
public university students in Bangladesh. Our ordered probit model estimation shows that gender, living
area, money spending for online classes, academic grade, internet problem, consideration of online class
as a good alternative, considering whether teachers are skilled or not significantly affect the students’
perception of online class. Students having lower facilities, for example internet problems, living in rural
areas, unskilled teachers, lower spending (because of poor economic status) tend to choose a very bad
perception of online class. Besides students with lower grades, students who don’t consider online classes
as a good alternative and female students tend to choose very bad perceptions of online class26

Aziz Ansari et .al (2021) conducted study on Perception of Online Teaching and Learning Among
Health Sciences Students in Higher Education Institutions  An online computer-based cross-sectional
study was conducted A pre-validated questionnaire was used and administrated to health sciences
students studying at Dammam Universities through online software Question  Out of total 281, 68% of
the participants were females (n=188) while 31.9% (n=88) were male students with an average age of
23.1(4.5) years. Overall, 176 (62%) of the students expressed their satisfaction with online learning.27

 AndrzejJaroszyński (2021) conducted study on Students’ perception of online learning during the
COVID-19 pandemic a survey was conducted by distributing an online questionnaire to investigate
perception of students. A total of 804 students participated in this study. 233 (29%) were males and 571
(71%) were females. The age of the students ranged from 18 to 39 years (M = 22.66, SD = 2.15). study
showed that e-learning is a valuable method of teaching medical students. In the opinion of the
respondents in our survey, e-learning is effective in increasing knowledge and is highly accepted.28
DigvijayPandey and P. Nishitha ( 2021) Conducted study on A Study on Student Perception Towards
Online Education During Covid-19 Crisis The data are collected by structured questionnaire from 100
students in Tirupati city. The study includes both primary and secondary data. The convenient sampling
method is used to collect data. the study result using SPSS software (M = 36.66, SD = 3.17)and conclusion
drawn that most of the respondents are satisfied towards online education and most of the students want
to continue the online education in future also .and study clearly shown that the majority of the students
like online classes due to flexible study time and limited face-to-face interaction.29

Rita Harisma (2021) Conducted study on To find out students’ perceptions regarding online learning
during Covid-19 outbreak. Descriptive quantitative approaches collect the data, applying a Likert scale.
Questionnaire The objective of the study was to find out the perception of student A total of 500 (30%)
were male and 258 (78.34%) were female using SPSS software (M = 40.66, SD = 3.17) student in this
study There were 10 questions used The study concluded that the researcher found the positive students’
perceptions 30

ElianaIbrahimi, ErindaRruci (2021)The study conducted on evaluate the perceptions and challenges of
Albanian students during online learning carried out due to COVID-19 pandemic. The students were
invited via email to give their perception of ongoing online learning. Responses were obtained from 627
college students from various study fields, such as natural, medical, and life sciences. 233 (29%) were
males and 571 (71%) were females. The age of the students ranged from 18 to 39 years (M = 22.66, SD = 
2.15).The results showed that students had a more positive attitude towards the classroom learning
environment.31

VusumuziMaphosa, (2021) conducted study on Factors Influencing Student’s Perceptions Towards E-

Learning Adoption During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Developing Country Context A cross-sectional
descriptive study A sample of 600 undergraduate students A Likert scale used total of 314
questionnaires were completed through Google The study used a 30-item questionnaire The results show
that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and the facilitating conditions positively influenced the
students’ behavioural intentions to use Moodle., learning More than half (56.4%) of the 314 participants
were females, while males constituted 44.6%. The ages of the participants were as follows: 18 to 24 years
(32.5%), 25 to 30 years (28%), 30 to 40 years (27.4%) and over 40 years (12.1%). The mobile phone is
the most affordable ICT device; 65% of the student’s accessed Moodle through the mobile phone; close
to half (45%) of the students had access to a laptop, while 10% had access to a desktop. The results show
that 87% of the students could access the internet through mobile data, and only 13% had access to WiFi
at home. Again over 72% of the participants agreed that the home environment was not conducive for
Thus, the study shown result students had a positive perception of online learning32

Girish K. Jha et.al (2021) Conducted study on understanding Agricultural Student’s perception and
preference towards the online learning through an online survey of 307 students. We also explored the
student’s preferences for various attributes of online classes, which will be helpful to design effective
online learning environment. The results indicated that majority of the respondents (70%) (M = 22.66, SD 
= 2.15). are ready to opt for online classes to manage the curriculum during this pandemic. Majority of the
students preferred to use smart phone for online learning. Using content analysis, we found that students
prefer recorded classes with quiz at the end of each class to improve the effectiveness of learning. The
students opined that flexibility and convenience of online classes makes it attractive option, whereas
broadband connectivity issues in rural areas makes it a challenge for students to make use of online
learning initiatives33

Arshad Khan et.al (2020) Conducted study on Students’ Perception towards E-Learning during
COVID-19 Pandemic in India the perception on and attitude of students in regard to the effectiveness of
e-learning during COVID-19 quantitative study well as descriptive study about The study reveals
that sample respondents (51.63%) were females whereas 48.37% were males. 84.78% of the respondents
belong to the age group 19–29 years, 8.70% are in the age group 30–39 years and 4.89% of students are
below 18 years of age. None of the respondents belongs to the age group of 60 years and above, while
only 1.09% falls within the age group of 40–49 years and 0.54% of the respondents were within 50–59
years. Respondents belonging to 19–29 age group represent the voice of the youth. the preferences of
students for e-learning as it provides them much freedom to connect with their teachers, fellow students
and engage with their study materials at the comfort space and time the improving quality of E-learning
to help with better learning of students during the phase of Covid-19 pandemic. 34

Dr.Shruti Nagar (2020) Conducted study on Students’ perception towards e-learning and effectiveness
of online sessions amid Covid-19 Lockdown Phase in India In this study primary and secondary data
sources have been used. The data is collected through self-administered, online circulated, structured
questionnaire, which has fetched 182 responses from 16 states of India. 182 (29%) were males and 571
(71%) were females. The age of the students ranged from 18 to 39 years (M = 20.66, SD = 3.15).The
respondents were the students who are using e-learning sources to complete their regular courses or for
skill development, during lockdown. The suitable statistical tools have been used to validate and analyse
the data. Major There is considerable percentage of the respondents who have used the e-learning mode
of education for the first-time during lockdown phase which affects the perception of the students towards
e learning as well as effectiveness of cessation35

AbhinandanKulal et.al (2020 ) conducted a study on perception of teachers and students toward online
classes in Dakshina Kannada and Udupi District. The study aims at analyzing the perception of teachers
and students about online classes. The data was collected through two separate structured questionnaires
for students and teachers in Dakshina Kannada and Udupi District in Karnataka. Data were recorded in
SPSS and analyzed by using descriptive statistics.130 males and 345,(P = 0.169).Using the SPSS. The
study reveals that students are comfortable with online classes and are getting enough support from
teachers but they do not believe that online classes will replace traditional classroom teaching. It also
finds that teachers are facing difficulties in conducting online classes due to a lack of proper training and
development for doing online classes. Technical issues are the major problem for the effectiveness of the
online classes36
Dr.Abdual Malik, Dr.ShabnamIqbalMemon (2020) conducted a study A descriptive cross-sectional
study at Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry. MBBS and BDS students Perception student E-
Learning during covid -19 at private medical college.The study sample size is 377. A self-administered
questionnaire was developed. Total 382 responses were received.137 males and 245 females participated
in the study. 0.851 was calculated as Cronbach’s alpha of the questionnaire. The study shown result is
77% students have negative perceptions towards e-learning. 76% of the students use mobile device for
their e-learning.37

Abbasi, Maria S et.al (2020 )conducted a study on E-Learning perception and satisfaction among health
sciences students amid the COVID-19 pandemic A structured questionnaire was distributed to 2000
health care students either through email or social media platforms. The questionnaire was divided into
two sections: the first section addressed demographic The second section gathered information on
perception and satisfaction of students using 13 close-ended questions. perception and satisfaction level
of students. The paired sample t-test, independent t test and Spearman correlation were applied to
evaluate statistical significance between different variables of the study. A p-value of <0.05 was
considered significant. The study result is E-learning satisfaction levels were better among developed
country students (7.34) compared to students from developing countries (5.82). A majority of participants
agreed that E-learning was satisfactory in acquiring knowledge, however not effective in acquiring
clinical and technical skills. 38

MahajanKalpana. Et.al (2018) conducted study on students’ perception about e-learning quantitative
study with a structured questionnaire study objective is find out the perception of student were used for
data collection and it was presented to 150 respondents . 98% agree to find e-learning useful and 86% M
and 94% F are motivated to use it. 81%M and 88% F find e-learning to be of interactive mode and 74%
M with 83% F.A p-value(P = 0.169). The study clearly depicts that e-learning has its benefits from a
student's perspective and it will have a positive influence on their performance with better understanding
of their courses. 39

M.M. Abbadet.al( 2011) has brought an interest and encouragement to some researchers to examine and
evaluate the values perceived from the online learning. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the
students’ perception of the e-learning system at Paisley University. This study evaluates several factors
influencing the perceptions of the undergraduate students who undertaken the information management
course. In this research study, 134 students voluntarily participated to answer the questionnaire, whereas
the total number of the students undertaking the course was 137 students. , the results showed that the
main factors that affect the students’ perception of e-learning are enhancement, ease of use, flexibility,
motivation, role of instructor, and the usefulness. . It was notable, that both of the usefulness and the ease
of use factors have the highest mean score between all other factors. This study increases the literature in
some factors that influence the learners’ adoption of e-learning systems40
A review of literature related to attitude regarding e- learning

Vivek Singh (2022) A Study On Attitude of Students Towards E-Learning, Descriptive-cum-survey

method was used to assess the attitude of RGU students towards e learning Sample of the for the present
study was consisting of all post-graduate students of Rajiv Gandhi University .A stratified random
sampling technique was used for the study .The sample for the present study was 220 students who were
doing their post-graduate in RGUTo collect the requisite data for the present study the investigators used
an attitude scale towards e-learning developed by Dimpal Rani. This scale contains 65 statements (both
positive and negative type) study the attitude of RGU students towards e-learning in terms of gender,
residential, tribe and subject. The mean score of attitudes of RGU students comes under average level.
The result shows that attitude that the attitude of male students is higher than the attitude of female
students towards e-learning. There is no significant difference exist in the attitude of RGU students
towards e-learning in relation to residential, tribe and subject41

Mona Ali Alasmari (2022 ) conducted study on The Attitudes of Public-School Teachers towards E-
learning in Saudi Arabia This descriptive research examined the attitudes of Saudi public-school teachers
towards e-learning as well as its advantages and disadvantages The sample was selected randomly from
different regions (east, west, middle, south, and north) in Saudi Arabia. The sample consisted of 202
female English language teachers at elementary, intermediate, and secondary public schools Data were
gathered from a Google Form survey consisting of 21 questions, using Google Form. This survey
consisted of a 5-point Likert scale the study show result positive attitudes towards e-learning. In Saudi
universities,42

Abbas Taghavi-Ardakani (2022)et.al conducted study on Correlation Between the E-learning Attitude
and Academic Achievement of Medical Students in Clinical Levels total number of the sample of
medical students in this center (n = 392), who were selected via convenience sampling, as well as
Cochran’s formula and an error rate of 0.05, the sample size of the study was determined to be 194,
including 50 clerkships, 94 interns, and 50 residents. In total, 154 students Data collection tools were self-
administered online Likert Scale questionnaire the study show result students’ attitude toward e-learning
was considered favorable with the score estimated at 77.5. However, the students’ attitude toward e-
learning had no significant correlation with their academic achievement (P = 0.169). Given the
satisfaction of the students with e-learning, we could use the capacities and strengths of e-learning to
ensure the quality of learning in medical education. Furthermore, these capacities could be employed to
overcome the barriers and limitations of traditional education, especially during the COVID-19
pandemic43

Dr.ArchanaTiwari (2022) conducted A Study on Students’ Attitude Towards Online Learning During
COVID-19 Questionnaire method was used. The under graduate Commerce students of Government
College Ajmer are the population of this study. A sample of 119 Undergraduate commerce students . The
Students have been segregated into three categories according to their study. The B.Com I year Students,
B .Com II Year Student and B.Com III Year Students. All considered to be a separate category of the
respondents. The study result An online class is useful in my gaining knowledge44

AsmaGheisari et.al (2022), conducted study High School Students’ Attitudes towards E-Learning and
Impacts of Online Instruction on Their General English Learning: Challenges and Issues A semi
structured interview was conducted with ten students to gain their ideas about the problems and changes
of e-learning. The items of the interview were about the difficulties and challenges of e-learning 50
respondents were recruited from 73 applicants Students were asked to complete a survey on their overall
attitudes regarding adopting e-learning as a research tool. The questionnaire had 15 questions concerning
the participants’ views about adopting E-learning according to the current literature. Using a 1–5 Likert
scale For this questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha (088.) was used to determine reliability. The findings of
this research may be used to motivate students to learn lessons via the use of e-learning programs.45

Dr.Arjun Chandra Das et.al (2021) conducted study on Attitude of Secondary School Students towards
Online Education during Covid-19 in West Bengal Descriptive Survey study and quantitative study. A
total number of 240 selected as a sample. close-ended questionnaire for higher secondary students to
study the attitude towards online education. The questionnaire is a Likert type scale, which consists of 40
items There is no significant difference among the gender, locality, and stream of study of higher
secondary students towards online education46

Romita Devi De Silva (2021) conducted study on evaluation of students’ attitude towards online learning
during the covid-19 pandemic: a case study of ATI students used The quantitative research approach
sample size should be 132. Since the population is 198, data were collected from 132 students who are in
their 3rd year distributing questionnaires via a google form to student The questionnaire consists of four
sections which were measured through dichotomous, multiple-choice, checkbox, 5-point Likert, and
open-ended questions The cluster sampling method was applied Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the
reliability of the questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha value 0.891 The findings of the study highlight that
students express a positive attitude.47

UmutAkcil (2021) study was conducted using correlational survey method which is a qualitative research
method on Examination of University Students' Attitudes towards E-learning during the COVID-19
Pandemic Process and the Relationship of Digital Citizenship study sample is consisted of education
faculty students of a private university located in the Northern part of Cyprus. The universe of the study
consisted of 120 people who studied at spring semester of 2019-2020 academic year 105 people
participated in the study. The distribution of students according to gender 24 male and 64 female they
used Digital Citizenship Behavior Scale (DCB) developed by Akcil (2015) and the "Attitudes towards E-
learning Scale (ELA) 5-point Likert type scales for Faculty of Education Students" for data collection
study findings, it is shown that students show digital citizenship behaviors. In addition, it has been
observed that the e-learning attitude of students is positive at medium level.48
Shem Unger, William R. Meiran ( 2020) conducted study on Student Attitudes towards Online
Education during the COVID-19 Viral Outbreak of 2020: Distance Learning in a Time of Social Distance
used the Survey Design used the Likert scale, Descriptive statistics were calculated in Excel, with t-test
and chi-squared test using significance value of 0.05 hey felt less anxiety towards online learning after
(51.4% Yes: 48.6% No), but still many students exhibiting anxiety towards distance education.49

Walid M. Khalilia( 2020 ) conducted a study on Attitudes and Challenges towards E-Learning System in
Time of Covid-19 from the Perspective of Al-Istiqlal University Students they used descriptive cross
sectional which used a 5-point Likert scale. questionnaire consisted of 3 parts contained a total of 38
items, with 37 closed questions and one open-ended question sample is 280 male and female students
were chosen in a simple random method from the study population. significance level was set at P <0.05
The results of this study revealed a good effect of e learning in a time of crisis, as students ‟attitudes were
positive in general and differed significantly according to their individual variables. Positive attitudes can
assist teachers to deal with the new difficult conditions with less stress and so enable them to take
proceedings appropriately in tune with the need of the students and PASS.50

Nachimuthu (2020) studied student teacher’s attitude towards online learning during COVID-19
pandemic period. Objectives of the study were find out the attitude of the student teachers towards e-
learning and to compare the attitude of student teachers 29 based on gender, type of institution and group
of study. The results of the study revealed that student teachers had positive attitudes toward E-Learning.
There was no significant difference between male and female student teacher’s attitudes toward E-
Learning in COVID-19 pandemic period. There was significant difference between private and
government institutions student teacher’s attitude towards E-Learning in COVID-19 pandemic. Attitude
of student teachers belonged to arts stream differed from the attitude of student teachers belonged to
science stream in COVID-19 pandemic. 51

Raheem and Khan (2020) studied the role of E-Learning during COVID-19 period. Main objective of
the study was to investigate the role of e-learning in English language teaching and learning in COVID-
19 crisis. E-Learning had a positive effect on student’s English language learning. E-Learning increased
student’s knowledge about English language. In COVID-19 period E-Learning used as the most effective
way of teaching and learning with the help of different applications. Teaching learning materials were
available for the students through different online modes. 52

PritilataPeguDoley (2020) conducted survey on among on B.Ed. trainee’ s attitude towards e-learning
where it aims to study the attitude of B.Ed. trainees towards e-learning in general and to study the attitude
of male and female, urban and rural, married and unmarried trainees in particular. For this purpose, 100
samples were collected where 50 were male and 50 female and 50 urban and 50 from rural, 50 married
and 50 unmarried. A standardized test was administered to collect data from the sample Collected data
were organized and tabulated on the basis of scores and used Mean, Standard deviation and‘ t’ test for
analyzing collected data. In this study, it is found that the B.Ed. trainees have different levels of attitudes
and there is no difference in attitudes of male and female and married and unmarried trainees of
Pragyajyoti B.Ed. College. On the other hand it has been found that there is significance difference in the
attitudes of urban and rural trainees of B.Ed. College53

KiranOdit-Dookhan (2018) conducted survey on Attitude towards e leaning the Ccase of mauriti
student in public teis using structured questionnaire to target university students from public HEIs in
Mauritius. Out of a sample of 200 respondents only 156 questionnaires were received back where only
150 were found reliable for testing. Data collected was statistically examined using SPSS and the research
hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. The results reveal that students are adopting
technologies in their studies and wish to use it in a more progressive way54

Dr.IshmirekhaHandiqueKonwar(2017) conducted study on A Study on Attitude of College Students

towards E-learning with Special Reference to North Lakhimpur of Lakhimpur District, Assam
Quantitative research approach used in study .Survey method is used to collect the data Sample of 200
college students were randomly selected Gender male 111 and female 89 according locality rural 104male
ane 96 feamale Attitude Towards e-learning Scale developed by Dimpal Rani was used to collect the data.
The scale has four major areas, viz., 1. E- Learning interest, 2. Usefulness, 3. Ease of e-learning and 4. E-
learning confidence. The 65 items (both positive and negative type) have been distributed in these four
areas. The study revealed that the college students have positive attitudes towards elearning55

Hiren Joshi et.al (2017) conducted study on Students’ Attitude towards E-learning ,From 80 final year
students 56 participated in the study. The survey was prepared online and hyperlink to the survey was
distributed to students using mobile group messaging application. . The main aim of the study was to
gauge students’ attitude towards the use of E-learning systems. male 120 and female 90 participant in
study (P = 0.169). (M = 19.66, SD = 3.15)We analyzed their attitude with respect to gender, locality and
social category. there is a highly positive incline of diploma engineering students towards the usage of E-
learning. Also this attitude is not affected by differences in gender, locality or social category of students56

F. AKIMANIMPAYE AND L.P. FAKUDE (2015)conducted survey on Attitudes of undergraduate

nursing students towards e-learning at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa among 213
undergraduate nursing students to assess their attitudes toward e-learning. The study employed a survey
methodology based on the questionnaire that was distributed randomly to students to assess their attitudes
towards e-learning, and to establish whether any existing demographical factors impacted on the students’
use of e-learning. From a valid response rate of 86%, the statistical analysis revealed that learner
satisfaction was influenced by perceived ease of use, gender, and study-year level of respondents. The
findings demonstrate a favourable attitude towards e-learning among nursing students at the University of
the Western Cape57

Rhema and Miliszewska (2014)analyzed attitude of students towards ELearning. The study intended to
know the attitude of students towards technology, to compare the attitude of female and male students,
urban and regional students towards technology. Further to find out the relationship between student’s
attitude and access to technology, the use of technology, skill in technology and satisfaction with
technology. It can be concluded form the result of the study that student’s attitude towards technology and
E-Learning was positive. There were no significant differences in student’s attitude based on gender,
location, age and year of study. There was a significant co-relation between student’s attitude towards
technology and access to technology, technology usages, skill in technology and level of satisfaction with
technology.58

Cakir and Solak (2015) conducted a study on attitude of Turkish foreign language learners towards E-
Learning through technology acceptance model. Main objectives of the study were to investigate attitude
of Turkish foreign language learners towards technology and to find out role of different factors in
learner’s academic achievement. According to the result of the study it can be concluded that Turkish
foreign language learners had a positive attitude towards E-Learning. Most of the learners used internet
regularly. Ninety two percent students had a Facebook account. Seventy seven percent students had their
personal computer. Students had enough skill to use technology. Students used technology for studying
course documents. Learner's academic achievement was positively affected by perceived ease to use,
attitude towards ELearning, satisfaction level and self-efficacy of the learners.59

Mulwa and Kyalo (2013) conducted a study on the influence of attitude of principal, teachers and
students on readiness to adopt e-learning in secondary schools in Kitui district, Kenya. Objectives of the
study were to know the attitude of principals and teachers towards the readiness to adopt e-learning and to
find out the relationship between student’s attitude and readiness to adopt e-learning in schools. The
findings of the study revealed that school’s readiness to adopt e-learning did not influenced by the attitude
of principal towards readiness to adopt e-learning. Teacher’s attitude did not influence readiness to adopt
e-learning in schools. Student's negative attitude towards e-learning had a negative impact on readiness to
adopt e-learning and positive attitude towards e-learning had a positive impact on readiness to adopt e-
learning.60

Akimanimpaye (2012) conducted a study on attitude of nursing students towards E-Learning. The
objectives were to study the attitude of nursing students towards ELearning, satisfaction level of students
regarding the use of E-Learning and factors influenced satisfaction level of nursing students. Result of the
study revealed that there was a positive relationship between learner’s satisfaction and E-Learning
attitude of 31 students. Effective computer technology and varieties of assessment methods increased
student’s motivation towards E-Learning.61

Omar et al. (2012) conducted a study on student’s engagement in online learning and learner's attitude
towards e-mentoring. Main objective of the study were to investigate learner's attitude towards e-
mentoring and to investigate learner’s factors which influence learner’s attitude towards e-mentoring. It
was found out that there was a linear co-relation between learner’s attitude and involvement in e-
mentoring. Students had positive attitude towards e-mentoring. Student's autonomy in learning increased
engagement level of students in E-Learning and willingness to learn more. Students engaged effectively
in the online classes if they thought that the information given by ement or were more useful.62
Kamarulzman et al. (2011) studied student’s attitude towards E-Learning in Malaysian Public
University. The objectives of the study were to know student’s attitude towards e-learning, factors
affecting student’s adoption or resistance towards e-learning and to study the motivational factors of
students to use Moodle in learning process. Result of the study showed that students used Moodle in their
learning process and it was very much useful and helpful. Student’s experience in using Moodle had
positive effects on their attitude towards adoption of Moodle. There was a positive resistance among
students to use Moodle in learning process. Students were motivated to use Moodle as it was effective
and engaging. Engaged learning, learner-instruction match, familiar, lifestyle fit, personal control and
augmented learning were the factors which motivated students to use Moodle. 63

SUMMARY

The chapter dealt with the review of literature from various articles, journals, published and unpublished
researches in India as well as abroad. The chapter included perception and attitude of e- learning, use of e-
learning in teaching learning it is sharing knowledge through various channels such as e- book, webinars
and more. e- learning is enhance learning capacity of student.
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

Methodology of research indicates the general pattern for organizing the procedure for the empirical
study together with the method of obtaining valid and reliable data for problem under investigation.

This chapter deals with the particular methodology adopted by the investigator to conduct the proposed
study. It includes research approach, research design, and identification of target population, sampling
technique, sample size, inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria of sample, tool preparation and feasibility
of the study, pilot study, validity, reliability, data collection and method of data collection.

RESEARCH APPROACH

The selection of research approach is a basic procedure for the conduct of research inquiry. In view of the
nature of the problem selected for the study and objective to be accomplished, Quantitative approach
was considered an appropriate research approach for the present study. This study is intended to “A Study
to assess the perception and attitude of e – learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among
Secondary School Certificate students”

RESEARCH DESIGN:

The research design of the study spell out the basic strategies that researcher adopt to develop evidence
that accurate and interpretable. The research design is the researcher overall plan for answering the
research question.64

In this study, Non-experimental descriptive research design is used to assess the perception and attitude of
e – learning as an impactof Covid- 19 pandemic among Secondary School Certificate students.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Descriptive Research Design

 THE TARGET POPULATIONS
Secondary School Certificate students at selected city

THE ACCESSIBLE POPULATIONS

Secondary School Certificate students.all over Maharashtra state

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE

Non-probability, purposive sampling

SAMPLE SIZE

400 Secondary School Certificate students

TOOL

5 point Likert scale

VARIABLE

RESEARCH VARIABLE Demographic Variable

Age,Gender,Familytype,Residential,areaDuring
5 point Likert scale
lockdown, Father’s occupation ,Mother’ s occupation.

Father’s Education,Mother’s Education,Medium of

school.

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

DATA ANALYSIS

Descriptive inferential statistic

INTERPRETATION AND REPORT WRITING

Figure2.Schematic Diagram of Research Design

RESEARCH SETTING
Research setting refers to the area where study is conducted. Setting are the most specific places where
data collection occurs based on the nature of the research question and type of information needed to
address it.64

The settings selected for present study was at selected Secondary School Certificate school.

IDENTIFICATION OF THE TARGET POPULATION AND ACCESSIBLE POPULATION

 TARGET POPULATION

The Target populations for the present study were included Secondary School Certificate students. all
over region

 ACCESSIBLE POPULATION

The accessible population selected for study was Secondary School Certificate students.

SAMPLE

Sample is a subject of population elements. An element is most basic unit about which information is
collected.64

The sample chosen for this study were Secondary School Certificate students

SAMPLE CALCULATION

Z=1.96

Std=0.5

E=0.05

n= (z score)22 x StdDev x (1- StdDev)

( Margin of error)2

= (1.96)2 x 0.5(1-0.5)

(0.05)2

=3.8416 x0.5(0.5)

0.0025

=3.8416 x0.25

0.0025

=3,84.16

=400
SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The sample size decided for the present study was 400 Secondary School Certificate students who meet
the inclusion criteria Sampling technique used for this study was purposive sampling technique which is a
type of Non probability sampling method. Non probability purposive sampling is a technique wherein the
sample is gathered in a process that does not give all the individuals in the population equal chances of
being selected.65

In purposive sampling the researcher believes that some subjects are fit for research compared to other
individual. Samples are chosen by choice not by chance, through a judgment made the researcher based
on his or her knowledge about the population. The researcher observes the nominated subjects and
continues in the same way until obtaining sufficient number of subjects.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

The criteria for defining the population and selecting the samples is based on cost, practical concern,
people’s ability to participate in the study and design consideration. They should have the inclusion and
exclusion criteria. The present study had following inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criterion

Student Willing to participate in the study.

Student Available at the time of data collection

Student who have compatible device for e – learning.

Exclusion criterion
Student who have participated similar type of study.

RESEARCH VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:
Secondary School Certificate students
DEPENDENT VARIABLE:

Assess the level of Perception and attitude of e- learning Variables are characteristics that vary among the
subject being studies. It is the focus of the study and reflects the aspects of the being studies.

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES:

In this study it refers to. Age, Gender, Family type, Residential area During lockdown, Father’s
occupation, Mother’s occupation, Father’s Education, Mother’s Education, Medium of school.
DESCRIPTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL

The tool was used for gathering relevant data it was 5- point Likert scale for assess the perception
regarding e –learning .

5- Point Likert scale for assess the attitude regarding e –learning as follows:

The following steps were carried out in preparing the tool

 Literature review

 Validity of tool

 Reliability

LITERATURE REVIEW

Review of literature form books, journals, published and unpublished studies and electronic media were
used to develop the tool

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL

After considering the suggestion and modification of the tool by the experts; the final tool was the 5-
point likertscale questionnaire consisting of three sections.

Section A:

Socio-Demographic Data

In this study it refers to the Age Gender Family type Residential area During lockdown Father’s
occupation ,Mother’ s occupation. Father’s Education Mother’s Education ,Medium of school.

(Total items were 09)

Section B:

Perception: 5 point Modified likert scale

(Total items were 20 ) category of question was positive and negative statement.

SCORING KEY
Strongly Strongly
Sr.No Type of item Agree Neutral Disagree
Agree Disagree
I Positive 5 4 3 2 1

II Negative 1 2 3 4 5
Section C:

Attitude: 5 point Modified likert scale

(Total items were 20 ) category of question was positive and negative statement.

SCORING KEY
Strongly Strongly
Sr.No Type of item Agree Neutral Disagree
Agree Disagree
I Positive 5 4 3 2 1

II Negative 1 2 3 4 5

FEASIBILITY OF THE STUDY

The feasibility of the study addresses the various practical concerns about the availability of the
resources, the organizational climate, the need for and availability of external assistance and the potential
for evaluation.

Pilot study revealed that sampling method and total number of subjects were appropriate for the study, so
the study connected was feasible.

TESTING OF THE TOOL

The tool selected for data collection was tested for its content validity, pilot study and reliability.

A. Validity

B. Pilot study

C. Reliability

A. VALIDITY

The validity of the tool was obtained by giving it to various experts from nursing fields. A total of 12
Community health nursing experts,2 statistician and 6 nursing personal in our institutes and 1 external
guide

B. PILOT STUDY:

It is a rehearsal for the main study. A formal permission was obtained from the school principle of
Selected secondary school. The pilot study was conducted at selected school 06/06/2022. The sample size
was 40 it is a 10 % of main study and student were selected by using purposive sampling technique.
Assess the level perception and attitude was assessed by self administered 5 point Modified likert scale
questionnaire among Secondary School Certificate students The results of the pilot study showed that
significant of perception and attitude The study was found to be feasible and was decided to be followed
in the main study. The samples selected for the pilot study were not included for the main study

C. RELIABILITY

The obtained cronbach’s alpha measures reliability α value for perception regarding e learning and
attitude regarding e learning was 0.78 and 0.82 respectively. Hence the obtained values are above 0.70
and tools were found reliable .

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION RELEVANT TO OBJECTIVES

 Permission was obtained from local ethical committee.

 A prior formal written permission was obtained from the school for conducting the study.

 An informed consent was obtained from parents of participant and participant. The purpose of the study
was explained to the participant.

 The data collection was done in the period of 04th July to 07th July 2022. 400 participant were selected
using the non-probability purposive sampling technique.

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

Based on the objectives data analysis will be done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings
will be presented in the form of tables and figures.

Descriptive statistics

 To describe the distribution demographic variables by using frequency, percentage.

 To determine the Level of perception regarding e- learning in Secondary School Certificate students
the was assessed using mean and standard deviation.
 To determine the Level of attitude regarding e- learning in Secondary School Certificate students the
was assessed using mean and standard deviation.
Inferential statistics

 To find out the association between demographic variables of secondary school certificate student by
using Chi square test.
 To find out the Correlation between perception and attitude
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

The data analysis as planned was done in parts of descriptive and inferential statistics. The following
statistical analysis was developed with experts opinions. Sample characteristics were described in
frequency and percentage
Level of perception and attitude regarding e- learning in Secondary School Certificate students the was
assessed using mean and standard deviation.
correlate the perception and attitude regarding e-learning among Secondary School Certificate students.
find out the association of perception and attitude with selected demographic variables.

PROCEDURES FOR PROTECTION OF HUMAN PARTICIPANTS

This study required personal interaction with the sample or participants, as the nature of study being a
follow up descriptive study, there was need to explain each steps of researcher at each step. A well knitted
communication system was maintained as the investigator was in concerned with the parents and student
and also school teacher. To protect confidentially and anonymity of the subjects, specific code was given
to each secondary student of school. Group data with no personal information was dotted in the
compilation sheet. An informed consent was obtained from the subjects. Information acquired from the
participant was used only for the purpose of study and was kept confidential.

SUMMARY
This chapter deals with the research methodology adopted for the study and includes description of the
research approach, research design, research setting, population of the study, samples, sample size and
sampling technique, eligibility criteria, research variables, description and development of research tools,
testing of the tools, method of data collection and plan for data analysis, the data was planned to be
analyzed in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics.
CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

It important to properly collect, code, clean and edit the data before interpreting and displaying the
research results. The main objective of data display is to summarize the characteristics of a data and to
make the data more comprehensible and meaningful. Usually data is presented depending upon the type
of data in different tables and graphs. This will enable not only to understand the data behavior, but also
useful in choosing the different statistical tests to be applied64

Statistics represent an essential part of a study because, regardless of the study design, investigators need
to summarize the collected information for interpretation and presentation to others. Data analysis is,
therefore, a process that involves examining, and molding collected data for interpretation to discover
relevant information, draw or propose conclusions and support decision-making to solve a research
problem. This involves interpreting data to answer research questions and making research findings is
ready for dissemination.  Data analysis also serves as a reference for future data collection and other
research activities65

This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of data collected to assess the perception and
attitude of e – learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among Secondary School Certificate students.
The Tool consist of section A- demographic Performa, Section B- perception scale and Section C-
attitude scale.

The purpose of analysis is to summarize and to test the proposed relationship and infer the findings.
The collected data are tabulated in the master sheet and analyzed using descriptive and inferential
statistics.

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

1. To assess the perception regarding of e learning among Secondary School Certificate students.
2. To assess the attitude regarding of e- learning among Secondary School Certificate students.
3. To correlate the perception and attitude regarding e learning among Secondary School Certificate
students.
4. To find out the association of perception and attitude with selected demographic variables.
Organization of study findings

The data analyzed are presented under the following sections.

Section I: Frequency distributionof socio demographic variables among Secondary School Certificate
students.

Section II: Assessment of perception among Secondary School Certificate students regarding e- learning.

Section III: Assessment of attitude among Secondary School Certificate students regarding e- learning.

Section IV: Correlation between perception and attitude regarding e learning among Secondary School
Certificate students.

Section V: Determine the association between level of perception and attitude with selected demographic
variables.

Section I: Frequency distribution of socio demographic variables among Secondary School

Certificate students
Table No4. 1 Frequency distribution of secondary school certificate students according to their
socio demographic characteristics
n=400
Sr. Demographic Frequenc
Category Percentage
No Variable y

15 yeas 247 61.75

16 years 105 26.25

1 Age
17 years 28 7.00

18 years 20 5.00

Male 214 53.5

2 Gender
Female 186 46.50

Joint 164 41.00

3 Family type
Nuclear 236 59.00

Residential Urban 295 73.75

3 Area Darning
Rural 26.25
Lockdown 105

Government service 24 6.00

Private service 73 18.25

Father's
4 Business 120 30.00
Occupation
Daily paid wages 108 27.00

Farmer 75 18.75

Government service 2 0.50

Private service 40 10.00

Mother's Business 37 9.25

5
Occupation Daily paid wages 56 14.00

Farmer 64 16.00

House wife 201 50.25

 Illiterate 3 0.75

Up to Secondary 157 39.25

Father's
7 Higher secondary 160 40.00
education
Graduation 54 13.50

Post graduation 26 6.50

Illiterate 8 2.00

Up to Secondary 235 58.75

Mother
8 Higher secondary 104 26.00
Education
Graduation 46 11.50

Post-graduation 7 1.75

Medium of English 132 33.00

9
School Marathi 268 67.00

The above table . 1 interprets, that majority of samples 247(61.75%) belong to the age of 15 years,
105(26.25%) belong to 16 years, 28(7%) belongs to 17 years and 20(5%) belongs to 18 years.

With regards to years of gender, majority of the sample 214(53.50%) were males and 186(46.50%) were
females.
Regarding family type, majority of the samples 236(59%) were nuclear family type and 164(41%) were
joint family type.
Regarding residential area during lockdown, majority of the samples 295(73.75%) were residing at urban
area were as 105(26.25%) were residing at rural area during lockdown.
With regards to father’s occupation, majority of the father 120(30%) were business as occupation,
108(27%) were daily paid wages, 75(18.75%) were farmers, 73(18.25%) were private employee and
24(6%) were government employees.
Regarding mother’s occupation, majority of the mother 201(50.25%) were housewives, 64(16%) were
farmers, 56(14%) were daily paid wages, 40(10%) private services 37(9.25%) business and 2(0.50%)
were government employees.
With regards to father’s education and majority 160(40%) father were educated up to higher secondary
school, 157(39.25%) were educated up to secondary education, 54(13.50%) were graduate, 26(6.50%)
were post graduated and 3(0.75%) were illiterates.
Regarding mother’s education 235(58.75%) mothers were educated up to secondary school, 104(26%)
were educated higher secondary, 46(11.50%) were completed graduation, 8(2%0 were illiterate and
7(1.75%0 were post graduated.

And, with regards to medium of school, majority of the sample 268(67%) were Marathi medium of their
education and 132(33%) were English as a medium of education.

Frequency distribution of age

300

250
247

200

150

100
105

50

28
0 20
15 yeas 16 years 17 years 18 years

Figureno4.1showing distribution of age

Figure 4. 1 shows distribution of age and majority of samples 247(61.75%) belong to the age of 15

years, 105(26.25%) belong to 16 years, 28(7%) belongs to 17 years and 20(5%) belongs to 18 years.
 Frequency distribution of gender

Female; 186
Male; 214

Figure 4.2showing distribution of gender

Figure no4.2 shows regarding gender and majority of the sample 214(53.50%) were males and

186(46.50%) were females.

 Frequency distribution of family type

Joint; 164

Nuclear; 236

Figure 4. 3 showing distribution of family type

Figure no 4. 3 showing family type, majority of the samples 236(59%) were nuclear family type

and 164(41%) were joint family type.

 Frequency distribution of residential
area

105
Urban
Rural

295

Figure 4.4 showing distribution of residential area during lockdown

Figure no 4.4shows regarding residential area during lockdown and majority of the samples

295(73.75%) were residing at urban area were as 105(26.25%) were residing at rural area during

lockdown.
 Frequency distribution of father's oc-
cupation
120
108
120

100
73 75
80

60

40 24

20

0
Government Private service Business Daily paid Farmer
service wages

Figure 4.5 showing distribution of father’s occupation

Figure no 4. 5shows regarding father’s occupation and majority of the father 120(30%) were

business as occupation, 108(27%) were daily paid wages, 75(18.75%) were farmers, 73(18.25%) were

private employee and 24(6%) were government employees.

 Frequency distribution of mother's occupa-
tion
250
201

200

150

100 56 64
40 37
50 2

0
Government Private Business Daily paid Farmer House wife
service service wages

Figure no 4. 6 showing distribution of mother’s occupation

Figure no 4.6 shows regarding mother’s occupation and majority of the mother 201(50.25%) were

housewives, 64(16%) were farmers, 56(14%) were daily paid wages, 40(10%) private services 37(9.25%)

business and 2(0.50%) were government employees.

 Frequency distribution of father's
eduction

26 3 Illiterate
54 Up to Secondary
Higher secondary
157 Graduation
Post graduation

160

Figure no 4.7 showing distribution of father’s education

Figure no 4.7 shows regarding father’s education and majority 160(40%) father were educated up

to higher secondary school, 157(39.25%) were educated up to secondary education, 54(13.50%) were

graduate, 26(6.50%) were post graduated and 3(0.75%) were illiterates.

 Frequency distribution of mother's
education

78 Illiterate
46
Up to Secondary
Higher secondary
Graduation
Post graduation
104
235

Figure no 4. 8 showing distribution of mother’s education

Figure no 4.8 showing regarding mother’s education and majority 235(58.75%) mothers were

educated up to secondary school, 104(26%) were educated higher secondary, 46(11.50%) were completed

graduation, 8(2%0 were illiterate and 7(1.75%0 were post graduated.

 Frequency distribution of medium of
school education

268
300
250
200 132
150
100
50
0
English Marathi

Figure no4. 9 showing distribution of medium of school education

Figure no 4.9 showing regarding medium of school education and majority of the sample

268(67%) were Marathi medium of their education and 132(33%) were English as a medium of

education.
Section II: Assessment of perception among Secondary School Certificate students regarding e-

learning.

Table 4.2- Frequency and percentage distribution of level of perception among Secondary School

Certificate students regarding e- learning

n=400

Level of perception regarding e Percentage Mean

Score Frequency SD
learning (%) Score

20-36
Very Low 1 0.25

37-52
Low 60 15

Moderate
53-70 232 58 64.20 11.11

High
71-86 91 22.75

Very High
87-100 16 4
 Frequency distribution of level of
perception
232
250

200

150
91
100 60

50 16
1
0
Very low Low Moderate High Very high

Figure no 4.10 showing level of perception among Secondary School Certificate students

Table no 2. and figure 4.10 shows regarding perception regarding e-learning and majority of the

samples 232(58%) were having moderate level of perception, 91(22.75%) had high level of perception,

60(15%) had low perception, 16(4%0 had very high perception and only 1(0.25%) had very low

perception regarding e-learning among secondary school certificate students. it also depicted that the

mean score was 64.2 with SD ±11.11.

Section III: Assessment of attitude among Secondary School Certificate students regarding e-

learning.

Table 4. 3- Frequency and percentage distribution of level of attitude among School Certificate

students regarding e- learning

n=400

Level of attitude regarding e- Percentage Mean

Score Frequency SD
learning (%) Score

Extremely Low 1-25

0 0

Low 26-50
27 6.75

Average 51-75 296 74 66.51 12.31

High 76-100 77 19.25

Extremely High 101- 0 0

125
 Frequency distribution of level of atti-
tude
296
300

250

200

150
77
100
27
50 0 0
0
Extremely Low Average High Extremely
Low High

Figure no4.11 showing level of attitude among School Certificate students regarding e- learning.

Table no 3 and figure 4. 11 shows regarding attitude regarding e-learning and majority of the

samples 296(74%) were having average level of attitude, 77(19.25%) had high level of attitude,

27(6.75%) had low attitude and none of the ample had either extremely low nor extremely high attitude

regarding e learning among secondary school certificate students. it also depicted that the mean score

was 66.51 with SD ±12.31.

Section IV: Correlation between perception and attitude regarding e learning among Secondary

School Certificate students.

This section illustrates the correlation between perception and attitude regarding e-learning among

secondary school certificate students.

Table 4.4- Correlation between perception and attitude on e-learning among secondary school

certificate students

n=400

KARL
PEARSON
Domain Mean SD CORRELATION P-value
COEFFICIENT
(r)

Perception 64.20 11.11

0.336 p<0.0001
Attitude 66.51 12.31

The table no.4.shows that there were 400 secondary school certificate students, each of them had

responded perception and attitude scale and the assessment were recorded. The mean and standard

deviation of the test scores are calculated. To calculate the correlation between perception and attitude of

the study samples Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient formula was used. It was found that, the mean

score of perception was 64.20 with 11.11 SD and mean attitude score was 66.51 with 12.31 SD. The

correlation coefficient value was r= 0.336*. The obtained r value was positive correlation and it was

significant at the level of P 0.05, (p value is < 0.0001). Researcher concludes at that there is a positive

correlation between perception and attitude regarding e-learning among secondary school certificate

students.
Section V: Determine the association between level of perception and attitude with selected

demographic variables.

Table no 5: Association between level of perception with selected demographic variables

n=400
Sr. Level of Perception Chi
Demographic P
N Very Moderat Very df square Significance
Variables Low High Value
O low e high Value
Age
15 yeas 1 37 149 53 7
1 16 years 0 18 59 23 5 Not
12 8.544 0.741
17 years 0 3 13 9 3 significant
18 years 0 2 11 6 1
Gender
2 Male 1 40 107 54 12
4 14.349 0.006 Significance
Female 0 20 125 37 4
Type of family
3 Joint 0 24 97 40 3 Not
4 4.386 0.356
Nuclear 1 36 135 51 13 significant
Residential Area During Lockdown
4 Urban 1 41 168 71 14 Not
4 3.9 0.42
Rural 0 19 64 20 2 significant
Father's occupation
Government service 1 1 15 6 1
Private service 0 8 40 21 4
5
Business 0 18 67 30 5 16 29.08 0.02 Significance
Daily paid wages 0 16 64 22 6
Farmer 0 17 46 12 0
Mother's occupation
Government service 0 0 0 2 0
Private service 0 9 17 11 3
6 Business 0 6 23 7 1 Not
20 16.871 0.661
Daily paid wages 0 7 36 11 2 significant
Farmer 0 12 39 12 1
House wife 1 26 117 48 9

Father's education
Illiterate 0 0 3 0 0
Up to Secondary 0 27 90 34 6
7 Not
Higher secondary 0 27 91 37 5 16 22.433 0.130
significant
Graduation 0 4 33 14 3
Post graduation 1 2 15 6 2
Mother's education
Illiterate 0 0 6 2 0
8
Up to Secondary 0 41 130 56 8 16 68.119 0.000 Significance
Higher secondary 0 14 64 23 3
 Graduation 0 4 30 8 4
Post graduation 1 1 2 2 1
Medium of School
9 English 1 8 69 48 6
4 29.839 0.000 Significance
Marathi 0 52 163 43 10

The table 5describes that, association between level of perception regarding e-learning with
selected demographic variables. The study demographic variables were ; age, gender, type of family,
residential area during lockdown, father’s occupation, mother’s occupation, father’s education mother’s
education and medium of school education. In order to compute the association between the level of
perception anddemographic variables chi-square was applied and the value was observed with 5%
significance level.

The chi value of gender was χ=14.349 with 4 degree of freedom, father’s occupation chi value
was χ=29.08with 16 degree of freedom, mother’s education chi value was χ=68.119 with 16 degree of
freedom and medium of school was χ=29.839 with 4 degree of freedom was found significant and there
were no other demographic variable found association with level perception regarding e-learning among
secondary school certificate students.
 Table no 6: Association between level of attitude with selected demographic variables

n=400
Level of attitude Chi
Sr. Demographic P
Extremel Extremel df square Significance
NO Variables Low Average High Value
y low y high Value
Age
15 yeas 0 18 187 42 0
1 16 years 0 7 78 20 0 Not
6 6.541 0.365
17 years 0 2 17 9 0 significant
18 years 0 0 14 6 0
Gender
2 Male 0 12 155 47 0 Not
2 2.802 0.246
Female 0 15 141 30 0 significant
Type of family
3 Joint 0 9 128 27 0 Not
2 2.393 0.302
Nuclear 0 18 168 50 0 significant
Residential Area During Lockdown
4 Urban 0 19 217 59 0 Not
2 0.517 0.772
Rural 0 8 79 18 0 significant
Father's occupation
Government service 0 2 16 6 0
Private service 0 2 54 17 0
5 Not
Business 0 11 84 25 0 8 6.747 0.564
significant
Daily paid wages 0 6 83 19 0
Farmer 0 6 59 10 0
Mother's occupation
Government service 0 0 1 1 0
Private service 0 2 31 7 0
6 Business 0 5 24 8 0 Not
10 12.009 0.284
Daily paid wages 0 5 45 6 0 significant
Farmer 0 6 49 9 0
House wife 0 9 146 46 0
 Father's education
Illiterate 0 0 3 0 0
Up to Secondary 0 14 116 27 0
Higher secondary 0 6 121 33 0 8 6.833 0.555 Not significant
7 Graduation 0 4 37 13 0
Post graduation 0 3 19 4 0
Mother's education
Illiterate 0 0 7 1 0
Up to Secondary 0 17 172 46 0
8
Higher secondary 0 6 80 18 0 8 2.871 0.942 Not significant
Graduation 0 3 33 10 0
Post graduation 0 1 4 2 0
Medium of School
9 English 0 5 89 38 0
2 13.023 0.001 Significance
Marathi 0 22 207 39 0

The table 6describes that, association between level of attitude regarding e-learning with selected
demographic variables. The study demographic variables were ; age, gender, type of family, residential
area during lockdown, father’s occupation, mother’s occupation, father’s education mother’s education
and medium of school education. In order to compute the association between the level of attitude
anddemographic variables chi-square was applied and the value was observed with 5% significance level.

The chi value of medium of school education was χ=13.023with 2 degree of freedom was found
significant and there were no other demographic variable found association with level attitude regarding
e-learning among secondary school certificate students.

SUMMARY
 This chapter deals with the Objectives and Organization of findingsdata analysis and

interpretation. Data was collected by using Likert scale. Analysis of level of perception majority of the

samples 232(58%) were having moderate level of perception, 91(22.75%) depicted that the mean score

was 64.2 with SD ±11.11.

and attitude regarding e- learning reveals that attitude regarding e-learning and majority of the

samples 296(74%) were having average level of attitude, 77(19.25%) it also depicted that the mean

score was 66.51 with SD ±12.31.

 CHAPTER V

MAJOR FINDINGS, DISCUSSION, IMPLICATION, RECOMMENDATION SUMMARY AND

CONCLUSION

This chapter in brief summarizes the entire study and its findings. It also includes suggestions, major
findings, discussion, recommendations, for further research and implication of the study in the area of
nursing service, nursing education, nursing research and nursing administration. The study was to assess.
“a study to assess the perception and attitude of e – learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among
secondary school certificate students” the purpose of the study was to assess the level of perception and
level of attitude the study was undertaken with following

OBJECTIVE:

1) To assess the perception regarding e -learning among secondary school certificate students.

2) To assess the attitude regarding e- learning among secondary school certificate students.

3) To correlate the perception and attitude regarding e learning among secondary school certificate
students.

4) To find out the association of perception and attitude with selected demographic variables.

MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

 Majority of samples 247(61.75%) belong to the age of 15 years, 105(26.25%) belong to 16 years,
28(7%) belongs to 17 years and 20(5%) belongs to 18 years.
 Regarding gender, majority of the sample 214(53.50%) were males and 186(46.50%) were females.
 Regarding family type, majority of the samples 236(59%) were nuclear family type and 164(41%)
were joint family type.
 Regarding residential area during lockdown, majority of the samples 295(73.75%) were residing at
urban area were as 105(26.25%) were residing at rural area during lockdown.
 With regards to father’s occupation, majority of the father 120(30%) were business as occupation,
108(27%) were daily paid wages, 75(18.75%) were farmers, 73(18.25%) were private employee and
24(6%) were government employees.
 Regarding mother’s occupation, majority of the mother 201(50.25%) were housewives, 64(16%)
were farmers, 56(14%) were daily paid wages, 40(10%) private services 37(9.25%) business and
2(0.50%) were government employees.
 In father’s education majority 160(40%) father were educated up to higher secondary school,
157(39.25%) were educated up to secondary education, 54(13.50%) were graduate, 26(6.50%) were
post graduated and 3(0.75%) were illiterates.
 And In mother’s education 235(58.75%) mothers were educated up to secondary school, 104(26%)
were educated higher secondary, 46(11.50%) were completed graduation, 8(2%0 were illiterate and
7(1.75%0 were post graduated.
 And, with regards to medium of school, majority of the sample 268(67%) were Marathi medium of
their education and 132(33%) were English as a medium of education.
 Regarding perception majority of the samples 232(58%) were having moderate level of perception,
91(22.75%) had high level of perception, 60(15%) had low perception, 16(4%0 had very high
perception and only 1(0.25%) had very low perception.
 Regarding attitude majority of the samples 296(74%) were having average level of attitude,
77(19.25%) had high level of attitude, 27(6.75%) had low attitude and none of the ample had either
extremely low nor extremely high attitude regarding e learning among secondary school certificate
students.
 Association between level of attitude regarding e-learning with selected demographic
variables.significance was found with medium of school education and there were no other
demographic variable and the found association with level attitude regarding e-learning among
secondary school certificate students.

NURSING IMPLICATION:

The investigator has drawn the following implications in the field of clinical nursing ,nursing education ,
nursing administration and nursing research.

CLINICAL NURSING

Nursing informatics is the integration of nursing its information, and information management with

information processing and communication technology, to support the health of people worldwide

The result revealed in this study can be helpful can be used as in clinical teaching – learning method

Nurse can offer consultation and comfort to patient whether they are in the same city or thousands of

kilometres away

These “Video clinic’’ consultation may be much like any other outpatient, clinic visit ,except that the

patient and the nurse are some times hundreds or thousands of kilometres apart.
NURSING EDUCATION

The findings of this this study will help, boost and can act as a positive motivation regarding e- learning

This study strength the modern concept of teaching and learning .

This reduced the burden of student as well as teacher for study.

These study findings can be utilized in health care setting which has e- learning facility available.

NURSING ADMINISTRATION

E –learning system can organize much of the administrative work for teacher and aides from enrolment to

keeping up with each student’s progress within course in institutions.

With the ability to post notes online , students and teacher stay fully appraised about all aspect of the

coursee- Learning make the documents easy

NURSING RESEARCH

The researcher can utilize the study findings in developing theory/ model/conceptual framework

This study findings can help to expand the scientific body

DISCUSSION

A thorough review of related and unrelated literature was done prior to the commencement of the study,
which helped the researcher to formulate conceptual framework, adopt suitable methodology and tools, to
collect data and analyse and interpret the so collected data. The research finding can be utilized in
multiple areas of under graduate student, post graduate student health profession. The findings can be
applied for utilization of teaching and learning field there by decrease burden on student family, school
teacher , and nation on whole. The study is conducted to ascertain reliability of e l-earning in secondary
school certificate students. For this a tool was developed whose validation was done by a group experts in
community health nursing .

Oktem (2020) studied attitude of physical education and sports education students towards E-Learning.
Main objective of the study was to investigate the attitude of sports education students towards e-learning.
The result of the study revealed that there were no significant differences on the basis of gender towards
E-Learning tendency and E-Learning avoidance. There were no significant differences among students of
different 35 departments towards E-Learning tendency but the score of coaching department students
towards E-Learning avoidance was lower than physical education department and sports management
department students. Attitude of students towards E-Learning tendency and E-Learning avoidance were
significantly different on the basis of grades.66

Ullah et al.(2017) studied attitude and perception of students towards online learning. Main objectives of
the study were to examine student’s interest in computer learning, computer usability of students and ease
of students in using computer in learning. Findings showed that there was no significant relationship
between student’s interest in computer, usefulness of computer and easiness in using computer in
learning. Slow internet facilities and lack of understandings of students developed negative attitude
among students towards online learning67

Dhamija (2014)) studied attitude of students towards the use of E-Learning. Objectives of the study were
to study the attitude of students towards the use of elearning and to find out the differences in the attitude
of students based on stream, gender and area. It can be concluded from the findings of the research that,
there were positive attitude of students towards E-Learning. Attitude of students on the use of E-Learning
did not differ based on their stream they were studied. Gender and locality did not differentiate attitude of
students towards the use of E-Learning significantly. Kar et al. (2014) studied university student’s attitude
towards E-Learning. Objectives of the study were to compare the attitude of university students towards
elearning based on their gender, residence and stream of study. Further the study aimed at to find out
interaction effects between gender and residence, gender and stream, stream and residence and gender,
residence and stream of study. Findings of the study showed positive attitude of university students
towards E-Learning. Attitudes of students did not differ based on gender, residence and stream of study.
There were no significant interaction between gender and residence, residence and stream, stream and
residence and gender, residence and stream.68

Saroha (2013) compared attitude of different age groups people towards elearning. The objective of the
study was to gathered information about attitude of different age groups people towards e-learning.
Findings of the study revealed that out of all thirty respondents nineteen respondents showed positive
attitude, ten respondents showed negative attitude and one respondent showed neutral attitude. Seventy
percent of people in between age fifteen to thirty had a positive attitude and remaining thirty percent had
a negative attitude towards E-Learning. Eighty percent of people in between age group thirty to forty five
showed positive attitude and remaining twenty percent showed negative attitude towards E-Learning. Out
of all participants in between age group forty five to sixty, forty percent showed positive attitude, fifty
percent showed negative attitude and ten percent showed neutral attitude towards E-Learning.69
Suri and Sharma (2013) studied how attitude of people towards computer technology and E-Learning
was affected by gender. Objectives of the study were to analyze the effect of gender on scale on computer
and e-learning attitude of students and to analyze the effect of gender on use of e-learning forms. Finding
of the study showed that majority of the participants used internet for sharing and getting information.
Students used audiovisual materials more than audio modes. Boy student’s attitude towards computer
technology and E-Learning did not differ with girl student’s attitude towards computer technology and E-
Learning. No significant relationship was found between genders and using of E-Learning forms.70

Suri and Sharma (2013) conducted a studied on how student's E-Learning attitude and perception was
effected by age. The study intended to analyze the effect of age on scale on computer and e-learning
attitude of students, effect of age on student's response towards provision for e-learning and to analyze the
effect of age on student's response towards provision for classroom lectures online. Findings of the study
revealed that age difference did not impact on computer, provision for E-Learning and E-Learning
attitude of the students. There was no significant correlation between age of respondents and student’s
response towards provision for classroom lectures online and provision for E-Learning71

RECOMMENDATIONS

On the basis of the interred data, the following recommendations are drawn for further researcher and
practice.

 A comparative study can be carried out between 10th class and 12th class student to be generalize
the finding.

 A similar study can be carried out with other than Secondary School Certificate students

 A comparative study can be conducted between traditional class room learning and e- learning.

SUMMARY

This chapter suggested ways and means that could be adopted in the future to improve the teaching-
learning status of Secondary student and reduce the burden of study ,e- learning improve the skill
among them. This chapter dealt with major findings, discussion, implication, limitation and
recommendations of the study.

CONCLUSION

This chapter has summarized the study and presented with conclusions, implication of the study regarding
nursing in clinical, education, research and administration field have been done. This chapter also
mentions the recommendations for future. The findings of the study contribute to the deep understandings
of the level of perception and attitude regarding e- learning among Secondary School Certificate
students?

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ANNEXURE

ANNEXURE I
FORMAT FOR SUBMISSION OF TOPIC BY P.G.STUDENT)

Name of the P. G. College

Department Master of Science (Nursing) Community Health Nursing
Name of the Guide

Through Proper Channel only

To
The Registrar
MUHS Nasik – 422 004

Sub : Submission of Title & Synopsis of Dissertation

Respected Sir/Madam,

I MS. ______________________________________Registered for Master of Science (Nursing) in

community health Nursing The 2021-22 batch under the guidance of_____________________

Designation : lecturer
Department :
College : .

I am due to appear for Master of Science (Nursing) In Community HealthNursing.

I am submitting herewith Title & Synopsis of Dissertation as mentioned below & as suggested by my
aforesaid Guide.
Title of Synopsis A Study to assess the perception and attitude of e – learning as an impact of Covid- 19
pandemic among Secondary School Certificate students”
.Kindly accept and register my Title of Synopsis

(Candidate Name &Signature )

The qualification of the teacher is recognized by the Central Council and the teacher is recognized as P.G.
Teacher by the University vide letter no.

__________________________________ __________________________________
(Guide Name & Signature) (HOD Name & Signature with Dept. Seal)

________________________________

(Signature & Seal of Dean of College)

ANNEXUREII

Department :Community Health Nursing

Candidate admitted year :2021-2022
Course :Master of science (Nursing) Community Health Nursing
College Name & Address:
REPORT OF ETHICS COMMITTEE

Reference No._______________________ Date :

To,
MS.
(Candidate Name)
Community Health Nursing
(Department)
(College Address)

Sub: Research Proposal of entitled “A Study to assess the perception and attitude of e – learning as an
impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among Secondary School Certificate students”

Ref:__________________________________________________________
(Letter/Proposal of Student)
Dear Student,

The above mentioned research proposal of Title & Synopsis of Dissertation was discussed in the
Ethics Committee meeting held on (Date) _______________at our College. It is declared that –
The said Title of Synopsis is not repeated.

You are registered under _________________ who is University Recognized P.G. Teacher vide
University letter no.________________ Dated _________ For guidance and supervision during the
course of studies.
Ethics Committee has unanimously approved your Title & Synopsis of Dissertation.
The Title is Recommended for study by the student from Date:____________

(Note : 1) It will be mandatory for the student to work on the University approved Title for minimum
period of 18 months after its approval.

2) It is the responsibility of the student and guide to inform the Ethics Committee about
completion of the said research work (format as per annex ‘C’)

_____________________
(Signature & Name)
Chairperson, Ethics Committee
_______________________________________
(College Name)

ANNEXURE III
 LETTER FOR UTILIZATION OF LIBRARY FACILITY

To,

………………………………

………………………………

………………………………

Subject: - Letter seeking permission for utilization of college library for Review of literature.

Sir/Madam, This is to introduce Ms. ……………………………..

A final year M.Sc. Nursing student of ------------- this college, who is conducting a research entitled- A
Study to assess the perception and attitude of e – learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among
Secondary School Certificate students

she is required to submit this study, in partial fulfilment for the award of M.Sc. Nursing degree. Kindly
permit him to refer your college library for review of literature.

Thanking you,

Yours Faithfully,

Principal …………

College of Nursing.

ANNEXURE IV
LETTER SEEKING EXPERTS OPINION FOR CONTENT VALIDITY

From
Ms…………………………..
IInd year M.Sc (N)
……………………………..College

To

Sub: Requesting the opinion and suggestion of expert for establishing content validity of tool.

Respected sir/madam

I Ms………………………………., pursuing MSC nursing, in the faculty ofA Study to assess

the perception and attitude of e – learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among Secondary School
Certificate students.

I request you to kindly go through the tool and give your valuable opinion for any modification and
improvement needed. Your esteem opinion and critical comments will provide the required direction and
contribute immensely to the quality and content of my final research.

Looking towards your expert guidance and suggestions.

Thanking you

Yours Faithfully

Enclosure
Brief methodology
Tool
Certificate of validation

ANNEXURE V
LIST OF EXPERTS FOR CONTENT VALIDITY

SR.NO DEPARTMENT NUMBER OF EXPERTS

.

1 Community Health Nursing 12

2 Statistician 02

3 Nursing personal 06

4 External guide 01
 ANNEXURE VI

CERTIFICATEOF VALIDATION

This is to certify that the structural questionnaire, constructed by ………………… IInd year M.sc
Nursing, KBNC, to be used in her study “A Study to assess the perception and attitude of e – learning as
an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among Secondary School Certificate students.”

As been validated by me and found appropriate with mention suggestion.

Suggestion:

Signature

Name and Designation

ANNEXURE VII (A)

CERTIFICATE OF ENGLISH EDITING

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled on “A Study to assess the perception and attitude of e –

learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among Secondary School Certificate students”

‟ Tool is edited for English language appropriate by me

Designation & Signature

ANNEXURE VII (B)

CERTIFICATE OF MARATHI EDITING

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled on “A Study to assess the perception and attitude of e –

learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among Secondary School Certificate students”

‟ Tool is edited for Marathi language appropriate by me

Designation & Signature

 ANNEXURE – VIII

CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS AND STATISTICS TO WHOMSOEVER IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled on “A Study to assess the perception and attitude of e –

learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among Secondary School Certificate students”

Mr/Mrs---------------------- is analytically and statistically approved by me.

Name:

Designation:

Institution:

Signature
 ANNEXURE – IX (A)

LETTERSEEKINGPERMISSIONTOCONDUCTPILOTSTUDY

Date: / /
To,

Subject: Permission to conduct Pilot study.

RespectedSir\Madam,

SecondyearM.Sc. Nursing studentof …………………………….College, is

conducting a research to fulfill course completion requirement. Kindly allow the student to
conduct pilot research study at your esteemed institution. I hereby insure that confidentiality
anonymity of the subjects will be maintained.
Topic: “A Study to assess the perception and attitude of e – learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic

among Secondary School Certificate students”

Kindly grant us the permission for the same.

Name of the student

Thankingyou!

Principal
ANNEXURE – IX (B)
LETTERSEEKINGPERMISSIONTOCONDUCTMAIN RESEARCH STUDY

Date: / /
To,

Subject: Permission to conduct main research study.

RespectedSir\Madam,

SecondyearM.Sc. Nursing studentof …………………………….College, is conducting a

research to fulfill course completion requirement. Kindly allow the student to conduct pilot
research study at your esteemed institution. I hereby insure that confidentiality anonymity of the
subjects will be maintained.
Topic: “A Study to assess the perception and attitude of e – learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic

among Secondary School Certificate students”

Kindly grant us the permission for the same.

Name of the student

Thankingyou!

Principal
 ANNEXURE – X (A)

INFORMED CONSENT

I understand that I am being asked to participate in a research study conducted by

…………..M.Sc.Nursing student of………………, will evaluateA Study to assess the perception and
attitude of e – learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among Secondary School Certificate
students.. If I agree to participate in the study, I will be given questionnaire. the answer will be recorded I
Understand that there are no risk associated with the study.

I realize that the knowledge gained from this study may help either me or other people in the future. I
realize that my participation in this study is entirely voluntary, and I may withdraw from the study at any
time I wish. If I decide to discontinue my participation in this study, I will continue to be treated in the
usual and customary fashion.

I understand that all study data will be kept confidential. However, this information may be used
in nursing publication or presentations. If I need to, I can contact ……………. M.Sc. Nursing student of
……………………..any time during the study.

The study has been explained to me. I have read and understood this consent form, all of my question has
been answered, and I agree to participate. I understand that I will be given a copy of this signed consent
form.

------------------------------ ------------------

Signature of Participant Date:

----------------------------- ------------------

Signature of Investigator Date:

 ANNEXURE – X (A) a

INFORMED CONSENT MARATHI

माहितीपूर्णसं मती

मलासमजले आहे कीमला…………………एमएससी नर्सिं ग

ने केले ल्यासं शोधनअभ्यासातसहभागीहोण्याससां गितले जातआहे .
…………………………………..नर्सिं गचाविद्यार्थी, माध्यमिकशाळाप्रमाणपत्रविद्यार्थ्यांमध्ये कोविड-19
साथीच्यारोगाचाप्रभावम्हणूनई-
लर्निं गचीधारणाआणिवृ त्तीचे मल्ू यांकनकरण्यासाठीएकाअभ्यासाचे मल्ू यमापनकरे ल.मीअभ्यासातसहभागीहोण्याससह
मतअसल्यासमला प्रश्नावली दिली जाईल. उत्तर रेकॉर्ड के ले जाईल. मी समजतो की अभ्यासाशी संबंधित कोणताही धोका नाही.

मलाजाणवते कीयाअभ्यासातूनमिळाले लेज्ञानभविष्यातमलाकिंवाइतरलोकांनामदतकरूशकते .

याअभ्यासातमाझासहभागपूर्णपणे ऐच्छिकआहे आणिमीमाझ्याइच्छे नु सारकधीहीयाअभ्यासातूनमाघारघे ऊशकतोया

चीमलाजाणीवआहे . मीयाअभ्यासातीलमाझासहभागबं दकरण्याचानिर्णयघे तल्यास,

माझ्याशीने हमीच्याआणिप्रथागतपद्धतीने वागणूकदिलीजाईल.

मलासमजते कीसर्वअभ्यासडे टागोपनीयठे वलाजाईल. तथापि,

हीमाहितीनर्सिं गप्रकाशनकिंवासादरीकरणांमध्ये वापरलीजाऊशकते . मलाअभ्यासादरम्यानकधीही. गरजभासल्यास,

मी………………………..एमएससी नर्सिं ग…………………………नर्सिं गचे विद्यार्थीशीसं पर्क करूशकते .

अभ्यासमलासमजावूनसां गितलाआहे . मीहासं मतीफॉर्मवाचलाआणिसमजलाआहे ,

माझ्यासर्वप्रश्नांचीउत्तरे दिलीगे लीआहे तआणिमीसहभागीहोण्याससहमतआहे .

मलासमजते कीमलायास्वाक्षरीकेले ल्यासं मतीफॉर्मचीएकप्रतदिलीजाईल.

सहभागीस्वाक्षरी:तारीख

अन्वे षकस्वाक्षरी:तारीख
ANNEXURE – XI (A)

ASSENT CONSENT

I understand that I am being asked for the permission on behalf of My Son/ Daughter to participate in a
research study conducted by …………. M.Sc. Nursing student of………………., and will evaluate the
perception and attitude of e – learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among Secondary School
Certificate students. If I agree to participate in the study, my son / daughter will be. , will be given
questionnaire. the answer will be recorded. I understand that there are no risk associated with the study .

I realize that the knowledge gained from this study may help either me or other people in the future. I
realize that participation in this study is entirely voluntary, and my Son/Daughter may withdraw from the
study at any time they wish. If my son/daughter decides to discontinue their participation in this study, my
Son/Daughter will continue to be treated in the usual and customary fashion.

I understand that all study data will be kept confidential. However, this information may be used in
nursing publication or presentations. If I need to, I can contact …………. M.Sc.
…………………………. .any time during the study.

The study has been explained to me. I have read and understood this consent form, all of my question has
been answered, and I agree for the participation of my Son/ Daughter. I understand that I will be given a
copy of this signed consent form.

Signature of Guardian Date:

Signature of Investigator Date:

 ANNEXURE – XI (A) a

संमती

मलासमजतेकीअक्षताबनसोडेएमएससी नर्सिं गद्वारेके लेल्यासंशोधनअभ्यासातभागघेण्यासाठीमलामाझ्यामुलाच्या/ मुलीच्यावतीनेपरवानगीमागितलीजातआहे.

कमलनयनबजाजनर्सिंगकॉलेज, औरंगाबादचेनर्सिंगचेविद्यार्थीआणिमाध्यमिकशाळाप्रमाणपत्रविद्यार्थ्यांमध्येकोविड-19 महामारीचाप्रभावम्हणूनई-
लर्निंगचीधारणाआणिवृत्तीचेमूल्यांकनकरतील. अभ्यासातसहभागीहोण्याससहमतअसल्यास, माझामुलगा/मुलगीप्रश्नावली दिली जाईल. उत्तर रेकॉर्ड के ले जाईल. मी
समजतो की अभ्यासाशी संबंधित कोणताही धोका नाही.

मलाजाणवतेकीयाअभ्यासातूनमिळालेलेज्ञानभविष्यातमलाकिं वाइतरलोकांनामदतकरूशकते.
मलासमजलेआहेकीयाअभ्यासातीलसहभागपूर्णपणेऐच्छिकआहेआणिमाझामुलगा/मुलगीत्यांच्याइच्छेनुसारकधीहीयाअभ्यासातूनमाघारघेऊशकते.
माझ्यामुलाने/मुलीनेयाअभ्यासातीलत्यांचासहभागबंदकरण्याचानिर्णयघेतल्यास, माझामुलगा/मुलगीनेहमीच्याआणिप्रथागतपद्धतीनेवागलेजाईल.

मलासमजतेकीसर्वअभ्यासडेटागोपनीयठेवलाजाईल. तथापि, हीमाहितीनर्सिंगप्रकाशनकिं वासादरीकरणांमध्येवापरलीजाऊशकते. मलागरजभासल्यास,

मीअक्षताबनसोडेएमएससी नर्सिं गशीसंपर्क करूशकते. कमलनयनबजाजनर्सिंगकॉलेज, औरंगाबादचेनर्सिंगचेविद्यार्थीअभ्यासादरम्यानकधीही.

अभ्यासमलासमजावूनसांगितलाआहे. मीहासंमतीफॉर्मवाचलाआणिसमजलाआहे, माझ्यासर्वप्रश्नांचीउत्तरेदिलीगेलीआहेतआणिमीमाझ्यामुलाच्या/

मुलीच्यासहभागासाठीसहमतआहे. मलासमजतेकीमलायास्वाक्षरीके लेल्यासंमतीफॉर्मचीएकप्रतदिलीजाईल.

पालकस्वाक्षरी:तारीख

ANNEXURE-XII
 CERTIFICATE OF WORK EMOBIDED IN THE DESERTATION

This is to certify that Ms ……………………………has undergone the prescribed course of

the studies leading to MSc Degree In nursing examination for the period of two years in accordance with

the regulation of Maharashtra University of Health Science Nashik.

CERTIFIED THAT THE WORK EMOBIDED IN THE DESERTATION “A Study to assess the

perception and attitude of e – learning as an impact of Covid- 19 pandemic among Secondary

School Certificate students”

Is original and has been carried out in the faculty of nursing

Lecturer Lecturer

Dept. of Community Health Dept. of Community Health

Nursing Nursing

GUIDE HOD

Principal
ANNEXURE XIII (A)

TOOL OF THE STUDY

SECTION –A

INSTRUCTIONS:

 Kindly fill the following information as honestly as possible

 Each question is compulsory

 Provided information will be kept confidential

 Kindly tick ( ) with the pen wherever applicable

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DATA CODE NO. ……..

A. Age

B. Gender

C.Family type

D.Residential area During lockdown

E.Father’s occupation

F.Mother’s occupation.

G.Father’s Education

H.Mother’s Education

I.Type of school
SECTION –B

PERCEPTION SCALE

INSTRUCTION:

Read each sentence carefully.no answer is right or wrong. Put a (√ ) mark in the box which your think is
true about you. Your answer will remain fully confidential.

Sr
Statement
Disagree

Disagree
Strongly
Strongly

Neutral

No
Agree
Agree

1 e-learning system is easy as compare to offline .

2 e-learning is a tool that improves quality of face to face

teaching learning process.

3 e-learning helps me to manage my study time effectively.

4 No specific preparation is needed for e-learning class.

5 e- Learning is not same as class room method.

6 It is difficult to share ideas with classmates during e- learning .

7 Self-discipline is not necessary during e-learning studies.

8 e-learning reduces team work and collaboration between

classmates.

9 e- learning platforms are complicated to use .

10 e-learning enhance my technical skill in using electronic

gadget.

11 Recorded e-learning classes can be useful for the future study.

12 It is difficult to understand the topics through e –learning.

13 My academic performance is weaken due to e- learning.

14 e-learning is highly expensive mode of teaching –learning

process.

15 Strong and continuous internet connectivity is very essential for

effective e-learning.

16 e- learning is reduced interaction with teacher and classmates.

17 It is easy to submit the Tests and assignments through e-

learning mode.

18 I feel confident while using e – learning content for study.

19 I feel Demotivated by the materials provided during e-learning

classes.

20 Level of concentration affects e-learning.

 SCORING KEY
Strongly Strongly
Sr.No Type of item Agree Neutral Disagree
Agree Disagree
I Positive 5 4 3 2 1

II Negative 1 2 3 4 5

INTERPRETATION SCORE

Sr.No Score range Category

1 20-36 Very low

2 37-52 Low
3 53-70 Moderate
4 71-86 High
5 87-100 Very high
 SECTION –C

ATTITUDE SCALE

INSTRUCTION:

Read each sentence carefully.no answer is right or wrong. Put a (√ ) mark in the box which your think is
true about you. Your answer will remain fully confidential.

Sr
Disagree

Disagree
Strongly
Strongly

Statement
Neutral
Agree
Agree

No

1 Educational concepts can be enhanced and strengthen

through e- learning .

2 Using e-learning makes learning interesting.

3 e-learning can never replace other forms of teaching and

learning.
4 e-learning enhance my creative thinking .

5 e- learning without getting appropriate

guidance is difficult to understand

6 It is difficult to interact with teachers through e-learning mode.

7 It is difficult to join lecture through e – learning.

8 e-learningadversely affects on mental as well as physical

health.

9 e-learning reduces the cost of accommodation and transport.

10 I feel motivated and enthusiastic during teaching-learning

process through e-learning.

11 e-learning helps to understand laboratory procedures

effectively.

12 I Feel improve my performance with the help of e-learning .

13 It is difficult to interact with classmates through e-learning

mode.

14 Poor environmental condition affects e-learning.

15 Effectiveness of e-learning is not depends on level of

concentration.

16 We are getting addicted to technology through e-learning .

17 e-learning saves time.

18 It is easy to submit school project through e-learning mode.

19 e-learning leads to social isolation.

It is difficult to give examinations through e-learning mode.

20

SCORING KEY
Strongly Strongly
Sr.No Type of item Agree Neutral Disagree
Agree Disagree
I Positive 5 4 3 2 1

II Negative 1 2 3 4 5

INTERPRETATION SCORE

Sr.No Score range Category

1 01-25 Extremely Low

2 26-50 Low

3 51-75 Average

4 76-100 High

5 101-125 Extremely High

 ANNEXURE XIII (A) a

MARATHI TOOL

अभ्यासाचेसाधन
विभाग -ए
सूचना:
• कृ पयाखालीलमाहितीशक्यतितक्याप्रामाणिकपणेभरा
• प्रत्येकप्रश्नअनिवार्यआहे
• प्रदानके लेलीमाहितीगोपनीयठेवलीजाईल
• कृ पयाजेथेलागूअसेलतेथेपेनने ( ) वरटिककरा

सामाजिक-लोकसंख्याशास्त्रीयडेटाकोडक्र. …….
A. वय

B.लिंग
C. कौटुंबिकप्रकार

D. लॉकडाऊनदरम्याननिवासीक्षेत्र

E. वडिलांचाव्यवसाय

F. आईचाव्यवसाय.

G. वडिलांचेशिक्षण

H. आईचेशिक्षण

I. शाळेचाप्रकार

विभाग - बी

आकलन स्के ल

सूचना: प्रत्येक वाक्य काळजीपूर्वक वाचा. कोणतेही उत्तर बरोबर किं वा चूक नाही. बॉक्समध्ये (√) चिन्ह ठेवा जे तुम्हाला तुमच्याबद्दल खरे वाटते. तुमचे उत्तर
पूर्णपणे गोपनीय राहील.
 असहमत जोरदार
जोरदार सहमत

असहमत
सहमत
तटस्थ
विधान
ऑफलाइनच्यातु लने त ई-लर्निं गप्रणालीसोपीआहे .

ई-
लर्निं गहे एकसाधनआहे जेसमोरासमोरशिकवण्याच्याशिक्षणप्रक्रिये चीगु णव
त्तासु धारते .
ई-
लर्निं गमलामाझ्याअभ्यासाचावे ळप्रभावीपणे व्यवस्थापितकरण्यासमदतकरते
.
ई-लर्निं गवर्गासाठीकोणत्याहीविशिष्टतयारीचीआवश्यकतानाही.

ई-शिक्षणहीवर्गखोलीपद्धतीसारखीनाही.

ई-शिक्षणदरम्यानवर्गमित्रांसहकल्पनासामायिककरणे कठीणआहे .

ई-लर्निंग अभ्यासादरम्यान स्वयं-शिस्त आवश्यक नाही.

ई-लर्निंगमुळे टीम वर्क आणि वर्गमित्रांमधील सहयोग कमी होतो.

ई-लर्निंग प्लॅटफॉर्म वापरण्यासाठी क्लिष्ट आहेत.

ई-लर्निंगमुळे इलेक्ट्रॉनिक गॅझेट वापरण्याचे माझे तांत्रिक कौशल्य वाढते.

रेकॉर्ड के लेले ई-लर्निंग वर्ग भविष्यातील अभ्यासासाठी उपयुक्त ठरू शकतात.

ई-लर्निंगद्वारे विषय समजून घेणे अवघड आहे.

ई-लर्निंगमुळे माझी शैक्षणिक कामगिरी कमकु वत झाली आहे.

ई-लर्निंग हे अध्यापन-शिक्षण प्रक्रियेचे अत्यंत महागडे माध्यम आहे.

प्रभावी ई-लर्निंगसाठी मजबूत आणि सतत इंटरनेट कनेक्टिव्हिटी अत्यंत आवश्यक आहे.

ई-शिक्षणामुळे शिक्षक आणि वर्गमित्रांशी संवाद कमी होतो.

विभाग – सी

वृत्ती स्के ल

सूचना: प्रत्येक वाक्य काळजीपूर्वक वाचा. कोणतेही उत्तर बरोबर किं वा चूक नाही. बॉक्समध्ये (√) चिन्ह ठेवा जे तुम्हाला तुमच्याबद्दल खरे वाटते. तुमचे उत्तर
पूर्णपणे

गोपनीय राहील.

असहमत जोरदार
जोरदार सहमत
अनुक्रमांक

असहमत
सहमत

तटस्थ
विधान

1 ई-लर्निंगद्वारे शैक्षणिक संकल्पना वाढवता येतात आणि बळकट करता येतात

2 ई-लर्निंग वापरल्याने शिकणे मनोरंजक बनते.

3 ई-लर्निंग कधीही शिकवण्याच्या आणि शिकण्याच्या इतर प्रकारांची जागा

घेऊ शकत नाही.

4 ई-लर्निंगमुळे माझी सर्जनशील विचारसरणी वाढते.

5 योग्य मार्गदर्शन न मिळता ई-शिक्षण

समजणे कठीण आहे

6 ई-लर्निंग मोडद्वारे शिक्षकांशी संवाद साधणे कठीण आहे.

7 ई-लर्निंगद्वारे लेक्चरमध्ये सामील होणे कठीण आहे.

8 ई-लर्निंगचा मानसिक तसेच शारीरिक आरोग्यावर विपरीत परिणाम होतो.

9 ई-लर्निंगमुळे निवास आणि वाहतुकीचा खर्च कमी होतो.

10 ई-लर्निंगद्वारे शिकवण्याच्या-शिकण्याच्या प्रक्रियेदरम्यान मला प्रेरणा आणि

उत्साही वाटते.

11 ई-लर्निंग प्रयोगशाळेतील प्रक्रिया प्रभावीपणे समजून घेण्यास मदत करते.

12 मला वाटते की ई-लर्निंगच्या मदतीने माझी कामगिरी सुधारते.

13 वर्गमित्रांशी ई-लर्निंग मोडद्वारे संवाद साधणे कठीण आहे.

14 खराब पर्यावरणीय परिस्थितीमुळे ई-लर्निंगवर परिणाम होतो.

15 ई-लर्निंगची परिणामकारकता एकाग्रतेच्या पातळीवर अवलंबून नसते.

16 ई-लर्निंगच्या माध्यमातून आपण तंत्रज्ञानाच्या आहारी जात आहोत.

17 ई-लर्निंगमुळे वेळेची बचत होते.

18 ई-लर्निंग मोडद्वारे शाळा प्रकल्प सबमिट करणे सोपे आहे.

19 ई-लर्निंगमुळे सामाजिक अलगाव होतो.

20 ई-लर्निंग पद्धतीने परीक्षा देणे अवघड आहे.

ANNEXURE – XIV

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

A learning system based on formalized teaching but with the help of electronic resources is known as E-
learning. E-learning is nothing but the use of technology to connect teachers and students who are
physically miles apart. E-Learning involves the use of multi-media to enhance learningE-learning can
also be termed as a network enabled transfer of skills and knowledge through which the delivery of
education is made to a large number of recipients at the same or different times. In the current era, where
technology is rapidly evolving, education has also taken the support of ICT and now offers convenient
ways to help increase the knowledge, education and literacy status of people. E-learning platform
provides anywhere, anytime easy access for up gradation of knowledge and skills. It provides a platform
wherein the individual gets a customized package related to key thematic areas through a self-guided
process. The presence of an instructor is not required and learners can decide their own time and venue
for learning. This provides a great amount of flexibility for the learner, allowing learning to fit within
their busy lives. In the physical absence of an instructor, it is important for e-learning to be impactful yet
engaging. This is achieved by infusing e-learning courses with attractive visuals, audio and retained by
the brain for longer periods. Various sectors, including agriculture, medicine, education, services,
business, and government setups are adapting to the concept of E-learning which other multimedia
elements including simulations and animations. The schools which use E-learning technologies are a step
ahead of those which still have the traditional approach towards learning.

METHOD

In this study, Non-experimental descriptive research design is used to assess the perception and attitude of
e – learning as an impactof Covid- 19 pandemic among Secondary School Certificate students. In this
study 400 participant involved 214 male and 186 female assess the level of perception and attitude with
the 5 point likertscale.determine the association between level of perception and attitude with selected
demographic variables

RESULT

In the present study result shown that perception regarding e-learning and majority of the samples
232(58%) were having moderate level of perception, 91(22.75%) had high level of perception, 60(15%)
had low perception, 16(4%0 had very high perception and only 1(0.25%) had very low perception
regarding e-learning among secondary school certificate students. it also depicted that the mean score was
64.2 with SD ±11.11.
attitude regarding e-learning and majority of the samples 296(74%) were having average level of
attitude, 77(19.25%) had high level of attitude, 27(6.75%) had low attitude and none of the ample had
either extremely low nor extremely high attitude regarding e learning among secondary school certificate
students. it also depicted that the mean score was 66.51 with SD ±12.31.
correlation between perception and attitude of the study samples Karl Pearson’s correlation
coefficient formula was used. It was found that, the mean score of perception was 64.20 with 11.11 SD
and mean attitude score was 66.51 with 12.31 SD. The correlation coefficient value was r= 0.336*. The
obtained r value was positive correlation and it was significant at the level of P 0.05, (p value is <
0.0001). Researcher concludes at that there is a positive correlation between perception and attitude
regarding e-learning among secondary school certificate students.

CONCLUSION

In this study perception regarding e-learning and majority of the samples 232(58%) were having
moderate level of perception, and attitude regarding e-learning and majority of the samples 296(74%)
were having average level of attitude, The obtained r value was positive correlation and it was significant
at the level of P 0.05, (p value is < 0.0001). Researcher concludes at that there is a positive correlation
between perception and attitude regarding e-learning among secondary school certificate students.

Utilization of e- learning in daily practice and thereby reduce the financial and economical burden family
,student as well as school teacher. Study recommends promoting concepts ,skill and knowledge of
student.
KEYWORDS

Perception, attitude e – learning, Covid- 19, pandemic and Secondary School Certificate students.
 ANNEXURE – XV

LIST OF ABBREVATIONS USED

M = Mean

SD = Standard Deviation

f = Frequency

% = Percentage
MASTER SHEET
 Participant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC
No. DATA PARTICIPANT RESPONCE ON PERCEPTION SCALE
1 1 2 1 1 3 6 4 4 1 2 3 4 4 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 5 1 4 2 2 1 2 4 2
2 2 1 2 1 3 6 3 2 1 1 4 3 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 1 3 3 4 4 2 3 2 2 1
3 1 2 2 1 3 3 5 3 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 5 2 2 3 4 5 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5
4 2 1 2 1 3 6 2 2 1 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 3 2 4 3 4 3
5 2 1 2 1 3 6 4 2 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 4 2 1 3 3 2
6 1 1 2 1 2 6 4 3 1 5 1 1 5 3 1 5 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
7 4 1 2 1 2 6 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 2 5 2 4 5 2 3 1 5 3 2 2 1 2 2
8 1 1 2 1 3 6 2 2 1 4 2 1 5 3 1 5 2 5 3 1 5 3 2 4 1 5 1 4 3
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262 2 1 1 1 2 2 4 2 2 1 4 2 4 1 2 1 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 5 3 4 2 3
263 2 1 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3
264 2 2 2 1 4 4 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 5 3 4 4 4 4 2 3 4
265 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 4 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 2
266 2 2 2 1 4 4 2 1 2 2 4 4 2 2 1 4 1 2 5 5 2 4 1 1 1 5 5 4 1
267 2 1 2 1 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 2
268 1 1 2 1 3 6 2 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 2 3 1 3 3 5 5 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 4
269 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 2 2 2 4 4 5 5
270 2 2 2 1 3 6 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
271 2 1 2 1 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2
272 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 4 4 4 3 5 3 1 1 1 5 4 4 4 2 3 1 3 5 3 1
273 3 1 1 1 3 6 3 3 2 2 3 4 4 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 5 1 4 2 2 1 2 4 2
274 2 2 2 1 3 6 2 2 2 1 4 3 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 1 3 3 4 4 2 3 2 2 1
275 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 5 2 2 3 4 5 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5
276 2 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 3 2 4 3 4 3
277 2 1 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 4 2 1 3 3 2
278 1 1 2 1 3 3 2 3 2 5 1 1 5 3 1 5 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
279 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 4 2 5 2 4 5 2 3 1 5 3 2 2 1 2 2
280 4 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 2 4 2 1 5 3 1 5 2 5 3 1 5 3 2 4 1 5 1 4 3
281 3 2 2 1 3 6 3 3 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 5 2 2 3 4 5 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5
282 1 2 2 1 4 4 2 2 2 5 4 5 4 3 5 1 4 5 2 1 5 3 4 3 2 3 5 3 4
283 1 1 1 2 5 5 3 2 2 5 5 5 4 2 3 4 1 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 3 4
284 1 2 1 2 5 6 4 2 2 4 3 2 5 5 5 4 5 3 4 4 3 3 2 4 4 5 3 2 5
285 1 2 2 2 5 6 3 2 2 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 5 3 5
286 1 2 2 2 4 6 3 3 2 3 2 5 3 1 1 1 1 5 4 5 5 5 3 5 5 3 1 2 5
287 1 2 2 2 5 5 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3
288 1 2 2 2 5 6 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 5 3 4 4 4 4 2 3 4
289 1 2 1 2 5 5 3 2 2 3 4 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 2
290 1 2 2 2 5 6 3 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 1 4 1 2 5 5 2 4 1 1 1 5 5 4 1
291 1 2 2 2 5 6 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 2
292 1 2 2 2 5 6 3 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 2 3 1 3 3 5 5 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 4
293 1 2 2 2 5 5 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 2 2 2 4 4 5 5
294 2 1 2 2 5 5 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
295 1 2 2 2 5 6 2 3 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2
296 1 2 2 2 5 6 2 3 2 4 4 4 3 5 3 1 1 1 5 4 4 4 2 3 1 3 5 3 1
297 1 1 1 2 4 4 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 5 1 4 2 2 1 2 4 2
298 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 4 3 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 1 3 3 4 4 2 3 2 2 1
299 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 5 2 2 3 4 5 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5
300 1 2 2 2 5 5 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 3 2 4 3 4 3
301 1 1 1 2 5 6 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 4 2 1 3 3 2
302 1 1 2 2 5 5 3 2 2 5 1 1 5 3 1 5 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
303 1 1 1 2 5 5 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 4 2 5 2 4 5 2 3 1 5 3 2 2 1 2 2
304 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 2 4 2 1 5 3 1 5 2 5 3 1 5 3 2 4 1 5 1 4 3
305 1 2 2 2 5 5 3 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 5 2 2 3 4 5 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5
306 1 1 1 2 2 6 2 2 2 5 4 5 4 3 5 1 4 5 2 1 5 3 4 3 2 3 5 3 4
307 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 5 5 5 4 2 3 4 1 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 3 4
308 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 3 2 5 5 5 4 5 3 4 4 3 3 2 4 4 5 3 2 5
309 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 5 3 5
310 1 1 1 2 4 4 3 2 2 3 2 5 3 1 1 1 1 5 4 5 5 5 3 5 5 3 1 2 5
311 1 1 1 2 2 4 2 2 2 5 1 1 5 3 1 5 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
312 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 4 2 5 2 4 5 2 3 1 5 3 2 2 1 2 2
313 2 1 2 2 4 5 2 2 2 4 2 1 5 3 1 5 2 5 3 1 5 3 2 4 1 5 1 4 3
314 2 1 2 2 5 5 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 5 2 2 3 4 5 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5
315 2 1 2 2 4 5 2 2 2 5 4 5 4 3 5 1 4 5 2 1 5 3 4 3 2 3 5 3 4
316 1 2 1 2 4 5 2 2 2 5 5 5 4 2 3 4 1 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 3 4
317 2 2 1 2 5 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 5 5 5 4 5 3 4 4 3 3 2 4 4 5 3 2 5
318 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 5 3 5
319 1 2 1 2 3 5 2 2 2 3 2 5 3 1 1 1 1 5 4 5 5 5 3 5 5 3 1 2 5
320 2 1 2 2 5 5 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3
321 1 1 2 1 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 5 3 4 4 4 4 2 3 4
322 2 1 2 1 4 4 2 2 2 3 4 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 2
323 1 2 2 1 5 5 3 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 1 4 1 2 5 5 2 4 1 1 1 5 5 4 1
324 2 2 2 1 3 4 4 3 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 2
325 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 2 3 1 3 3 5 5 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 4
326 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 2 2 2 4 4 5 5
327 1 1 2 1 4 4 3 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
328 2 1 1 1 3 6 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2
329 1 2 1 1 3 6 2 2 2 4 4 4 3 5 3 1 1 1 5 4 4 4 2 3 1 3 5 3 1
330 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 4 4 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 5 1 4 2 2 1 2 4 2
331 1 2 1 1 3 6 3 3 2 1 4 3 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 1 3 3 4 4 2 3 2 2 1
332 2 1 1 1 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 3 2 4 3 4 3
333 1 1 2 2 5 6 3 3 2 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 4 2 1 3 3 2
334 1 1 2 1 4 6 3 3 2 5 1 1 5 3 1 5 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
335 1 1 1 1 3 6 3 2 2 1 1 2 3 4 2 5 2 4 5 2 3 1 5 3 2 2 1 2 2
336 1 1 2 2 5 5 3 3 2 4 2 1 5 3 1 5 2 5 3 1 5 3 2 4 1 5 1 4 3
337 1 1 2 2 5 5 3 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 5 2 2 3 4 5 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5
338 1 1 1 2 5 5 3 3 2 5 4 5 4 3 5 1 4 5 2 1 5 3 4 3 2 3 5 3 4
339 1 1 1 2 5 5 2 2 2 5 5 5 4 2 3 4 1 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 3 4
340 1 2 1 2 5 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 5 5 5 4 5 3 4 4 3 3 2 4 4 5 3 2 5
341 2 2 2 1 3 6 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 5 3 5
342 1 1 2 1 5 5 2 2 2 3 2 5 3 1 1 1 1 5 4 5 5 5 3 5 5 3 1 2 5
343 1 2 2 1 5 5 3 3 2 5 1 1 5 3 1 5 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
344 2 2 2 1 3 5 3 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 2 5 2 4 5 2 3 1 5 3 2 2 1 2 2
345 1 2 2 1 4 6 2 2 2 4 2 1 5 3 1 5 2 5 3 1 5 3 2 4 1 5 1 4 3
346 1 2 2 1 5 5 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 5 2 2 3 4 5 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5
347 1 2 2 1 5 5 2 2 2 5 4 5 4 3 5 1 4 5 2 1 5 3 4 3 2 3 5 3 4
348 1 2 1 1 5 6 3 3 2 5 5 5 4 2 3 4 1 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 3 4
349 1 2 2 2 5 5 3 3 2 4 3 2 5 5 5 4 5 3 4 4 3 3 2 4 4 5 3 2 5
350 1 2 2 2 5 5 3 3 2 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 5 3 5
351 1 2 1 1 2 6 3 3 2 3 2 5 3 1 1 1 1 5 4 5 5 5 3 5 5 3 1 2 5
352 1 2 1 2 5 5 2 3 2 2 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3
353 1 2 1 2 5 5 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 5 3 4 4 4 4 2 3 4
354 1 2 1 2 5 5 3 2 2 3 4 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 2
355 1 2 1 2 5 5 3 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 1 4 1 2 5 5 2 4 1 1 1 5 5 4 1
356 1 2 1 2 5 5 3 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 2
357 1 2 1 2 5 6 3 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 2 3 1 3 3 5 5 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 4
358 1 2 1 1 4 6 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 2 2 2 4 4 5 5
359 1 2 2 1 5 6 3 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
360 1 1 1 2 5 6 3 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2
361 2 2 1 1 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 3 5 3 1 1 1 5 4 4 4 2 3 1 3 5 3 1
362 1 2 2 1 5 5 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 5 1 4 2 2 1 2 4 2
363 1 1 2 1 4 6 2 2 2 1 4 3 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 1 3 3 4 4 2 3 2 2 1
364 1 1 1 2 5 6 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 3 2 4 3 4 3
365 2 1 1 2 5 5 3 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 4 2 1 3 3 2
366 1 2 2 1 3 3 3 2 2 5 1 1 5 3 1 5 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
367 2 1 1 1 5 5 3 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 2 5 2 4 5 2 3 1 5 3 2 2 1 2 2
368 2 1 1 1 5 5 3 3 2 4 2 1 5 3 1 5 2 5 3 1 5 3 2 4 1 5 1 4 3
369 2 1 1 2 5 6 4 3 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 5 2 2 3 4 5 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5
370 3 1 2 1 2 2 4 4 2 5 4 5 4 3 5 1 4 5 2 1 5 3 4 3 2 3 5 3 4
371 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 5 5 5 4 2 3 4 1 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 3 4
372 2 2 2 1 1 6 5 3 2 4 3 2 5 5 5 4 5 3 4 4 3 3 2 4 4 5 3 2 5
373 2 1 2 2 5 6 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 5 3 5
374 1 2 1 2 5 5 3 2 2 3 2 5 3 1 1 1 1 5 4 5 5 5 3 5 5 3 1 2 5
375 2 2 1 1 5 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3
376 1 2 1 1 5 5 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 5 3 4 4 4 4 2 3 4
377 1 2 1 1 4 4 3 3 2 3 4 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 2
378 1 2 1 2 5 5 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 1 4 1 2 5 5 2 4 1 1 1 5 5 4 1
379 1 2 1 2 4 3 3 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 2
380 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 4 3 4 3 4 2 3 1 3 3 5 5 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 4
381 1 2 1 2 5 5 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 2 2 2 4 4 5 5
382 1 2 1 2 5 5 3 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
383 1 2 2 2 5 5 3 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2
384 2 1 1 2 5 5 4 3 2 4 4 4 3 5 3 1 1 1 5 4 4 4 2 3 1 3 5 3 1
385 1 1 1 2 5 5 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 5 1 4 2 2 1 2 4 2
386 1 1 1 2 5 5 3 3 2 1 4 3 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 1 3 3 4 4 2 3 2 2 1
387 2 1 2 2 5 5 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 3 2 4 3 4 3
388 2 2 2 2 4 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 4 2 1 3 3 2
389 1 1 2 2 5 5 2 2 2 5 1 1 5 3 1 5 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
390 2 1 2 2 5 5 4 2 2 1 1 2 3 4 2 5 2 4 5 2 3 1 5 3 2 2 1 2 2
391 1 1 2 2 5 5 2 2 2 4 2 1 5 3 1 5 2 5 3 1 5 3 2 4 1 5 1 4 3
392 1 2 2 2 5 5 4 4 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 5 2 2 3 4 5 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5
393 1 1 1 2 5 5 2 2 2 5 4 5 4 3 5 1 4 5 2 1 5 3 4 3 2 3 5 3 4
394 1 1 2 2 5 5 3 2 2 5 5 5 4 2 3 4 1 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 3 4
395 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 3 2 4 3 2 5 5 5 4 5 3 4 4 3 3 2 4 4 5 3 2 5
396 1 1 1 1 3 6 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 5 1 4 2 2 1 2 4 2
397 1 1 1 1 5 6 3 3 2 1 4 3 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 1 3 3 4 4 2 3 2 2 1
398 1 1 1 1 5 5 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 3 2 4 3 4 3
399 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 3 2 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 4 2 1 3 3 2
400 2 2 2 1 1 6 4 4 2 5 1 1 5 3 1 5 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DATA PARTICIPANT
RESPONCE ON
ATTITUE SCALE
Participant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
1 a b a a c f d d a 3 2 4 4 3 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 4
2 b a b a c f c b a 5 3 5 4 1 4 2 4 3 5 3 5 2 4 2 2 2 4 3 4
3 a b b a c c e c a 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 1 1 1 2 4 4 1 2 1 2 4
4 b a b a c f b b a 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 4 3 2
5 b a b a c f d b a 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 2
6 a a b a b f d c a 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
7 d a b a b f c b a 1 5 2 3 2 5 4 2 4 1 2 5 2 3 5 2 3 4 2 4
8 a a b a c f b b a 3 1 2 1 4 5 2 4 3 2 2 1 2 3 5 2 2 1 4 2
9 a b b a c f e c a 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 1 1 2 5 4 1 2 1 2 3
10 b a a a b f c b a 4 3 5 4 4 5 2 4 3 5 3 2 2 3 5 2 1 2 2 2
11 d a b a d b d d a 5 4 3 5 1 2 3 1 3 3 5 4 3 1 1 3 3 3 1 5
12 a b b b e e b a a 3 4 3 2 3 4 2 1 3 2 3 2 3 4 5 1 4 5 1 5
13 c a a a b b e e a 5 3 5 4 1 2 1 3 3 5 2 2 5 2 5 3 2 4 3 1
14 a b a a c f d d a 3 3 5 3 5 5 3 1 5 3 1 3 5 5 1 5 5 3 5 5
15 a b b a c f d d a 3 2 3 2 4 3 2 3 5 3 2 3 3 2 1 5 4 5 5 1
16 b a a a c f c b a 4 3 5 3 4 3 4 5 2 5 5 3 3 2 4 3 5 5 3 3
17 b a a a c f c c a 3 5 2 4 3 2 5 3 4 5 4 3 5 2 3 5 4 4 3 2
18 d b b a d c b c a 4 4 4 4 5 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
19 a b b a c b e d a 3 4 3 4 3 2 3 3 2 3 4 4 3 2 3 4 4 4 3 2
20 b b a a a b e d a 5 3 2 3 4 3 2 5 3 5 4 3 3 4 3 2 1 4 2 4
21 a b a a c f c b a 4 4 2 5 4 2 5 3 4 4 4 4 5 3 2 3 5 4 3 1
22 c b a b e e d c a 3 4 4 3 5 4 2 2 2 5 4 4 3 3 3 5 3 2 2 2
23 b b b a d f b d a 2 3 1 2 4 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 4 5 3 5 5 3 3 4
24 a b b a d f c b a 4 4 2 2 4 5 5 5 2 4 2 5 1 5 4 5 4 4 5 5
25 a b b a b f d d a 4 2 2 4 5 5 3 4 2 5 3 4 4 2 5 4 4 5 2 4
26 a b b a d f c b a 4 2 5 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 3 3 4 5 2 3 4
27 a a b a d f b b a 5 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 4 5 4 3 3 4 4 4 2
28 d a a b b f b b a 5 1 5 5 1 5 1 5 5 5 4 4 3 2 1 4 3 5 1 5
29 c a b a b f c b a 5 2 3 4 3 1 4 3 2 5 4 4 3 4 4 2 3 4 2 4
30 b a b a d f c b a 4 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 5 5 3
31 c b a a d f c b a 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 2 4 4 3 2 4 4 3 2 1
32 a a b a a f e d a 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 2 3 1 1 4 3 3 1 5 1 5 3 1
33 a a b a a f e d a 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 2 3 1 1 4 3 3 1 5 1 5 3 1
34 a a b a a c e c a 5 5 4 4 3 2 1 5 5 5 4 1 1 4 5 4 5 5 5 2
35 c b a a c f d c a 5 4 4 3 2 4 3 2 4 1 5 3 2 4 2 4 2 3 2 5
36 a a b a b f b b a 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 2 3 1 1 4 3 3 1 5 1 5 3 1
37 d a b a b f c b a 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5
38 a a b a d f c c a 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
39 a a b a b f e d a 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
40 a a b a d f c c a 3 1 3 4 4 4 2 4 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 2 5
41 a a b a d f c b a 5 5 4 4 3 2 1 5 5 5 4 1 1 4 5 4 5 5 5 1
42 b a b a a f c c a 4 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 5 3
43 b a b a c f c c a 4 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 5 3
44 b a b a b f c c a 4 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 5 3
45 a a b a c f d c a 4 4 4 5 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 5 3
46 b a b a b f d d a 4 4 4 5 2 4 4 3 2 3 4 3 4 2 4 4 3 4 3 4
47 a a b a b b d d a 3 4 5 3 2 2 2 5 5 4 2 3 3 1 3 4 3 5 3 3
48 a a b a b f b b a 3 1 3 4 4 4 4 2 5 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 5 5 5 4
49 a a a a c c d d a 4 3 3 1 3 5 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 3 2 4 1 3 5 3
50 a a a a d d b b a 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4
51 a a b a c f c b a 5 4 5 3 4 5 2 5 4 4 4 2 5 4 5 5 2 5 4 2
52 d a b a a a e e a 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5
53 b a b b b f d c a 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 5