Modular Architecture for a New Era of Gaming:

An ESports Facility that Adapts to the

Changing Landscape of Gaming

A Thesis Presented to the

School of Architecture, Industrial Design, and the Built Environment
Mapúa University

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in AR200-0: Architectural Design 9 for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Submitted by:

Skyler H. Pamatmat
2019120716

Submitted to:

Ar. Arianne Joy Q. Dullas

Thesis Adviser

April 2023
ABSTRACT

ii
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

iv
DEDICATION

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Abstract (Maximize 1-page: general background/ scope, research questions, ii
Methodology, Conclusion, Recommendation)
About the Author (with photo) iii
Acknowledgment (1-page) iv
Dedication v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Appendices

Part I The Problem and Its Background

Chapter I.1 General Overview 1
Introduction 1
Background of Study 2
Statement of the Problem 5
Project Goals, Objectives, and Strategies 5
Significance of Study 7
Scope and Limitation 9
Assumption 10
Conceptual Framework 11
Theoretical Framework 13
Definitions of Terms 15
Acronyms 16
Chapter I.2 Review of Related Literature and Studies 17
Related Literature
Related Studies/ Projects 28
Chapter I.3 Research Methodology 45
Research Design 45
Research Locale 46
Research Tools 46
Population and Sampling 47
Data Gathering Procedures 47
Statistical Treatment 48
Chapter I.4 Results and Discussion
Presentation of Collected Data
Summary of Findings and Analysis
Need Analysis
Qualitative or Quantitative Analysis
Chapter I.5 Conclusions and Recommendations

Part II Research Focus and Innovation

Chapter II.1 Rationale
Chapter II.2 Principles and Relevance to the Project
Chapter II.3 Application to the Project

Part III Site Identification and Analysis

Chapter III.1 Site Selection Process
Criteria for Site Selection
Site Option Description

vi
 Site Selection and Justification
Chapter III.2 Site Evaluation and Analysis
The Macro Setting
The Micro Setting
Related Laws and Ordinances
Chapter III.3 Site Development Options
Micro Site Analysis (prepare architectural,
programming/ space program & space
allocation/ space program worksheet)
proposed site development plan (2-schemes)

Part IV Architectural Design Translation

Chapter IV.1 Design Program
Problem Diagnosis
Design Criteria
Design Concept
Design Considerations
Space Programming and Space Allocation
Behavioral Analysis
User Analysis
Organizational Structure
Functional Zoning
Program Matrix/ Diagrams
(Adjacency/ Interrelationship/ Circulatory)
Chapter IV.2 Concept Development
Architectural Concept (Space & Form Evolution)
Structural Concept
Utility Concept
Chapter IV.3 Synthesis
(at least 3-plan schemes)
Chapter IV.4 Presentation drawings (Min. Scale 1:200)
(may use A-3 size paper
Concept Board
Perspectives (Exterior & Interior)
Site Development Plan
Floor Plans
4 Elevations
2 Sections
(Other Drawings as necessary)

Appendices
Related Documents/ Attachments
Letters
Certificates
Others

References (use APA FORMAT)

vii
 PART I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Chapter I.1

General Overview

The research titled "Modular Architecture for a New Era of Gaming: An ESports Facility that

Adapts to the Changing Landscape of Gaming" centers on designing a modular esports facility that

caters to the changing demands of the Philippine esports industry. The thesis investigates the

potential for modular design strategies to improve the adaptability and scalability of esports gaming

facilities in response to rising demand. In addition, it examines esports challenges in the Philippines

and attempts to determine the characteristics of an optimal gaming experience for participants. The

research also seeks to support the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations and expand

the esports industry in the Philippines and globally. The context study provides information on the

global growth of the esports industry, its impact on the gaming industry, and the increasing demand

for specialized infrastructure and facilities in the Philippines to support esports events and

tournaments. The study also emphasizes the essential characteristics of esports venues that provide

players and spectators with the best gaming experience possible.

Introduction

The gaming industry has undergone a profound transformation in recent years, with esports

emerging as an exciting and rapidly expanding sector (Murray et al., 2020). This growing demand for

specialized infrastructure and facilities to host competitions has become more pressing - particularly

in countries like the Philippines, where esports is experiencing rapid expansion.

This thesis seeks to design an innovative and adaptable esports facility that meets the

changing needs of the Philippine industry. This research seeks to maximize flexibility and scalability

within esports gaming facilities through modular design strategies. Furthermore, it will examine how

modular design may enhance infrastructure development within this rapidly-evolving sector,

producing adaptable gaming facilities to accommodate rising national demand.

1
 It investigates obstacles facing esports in the Philippines, such as the lack of infrastructure

for hosting tournaments. Furthermore, to investigate the most suited space and design in a gaming

facility.

This research is expected to support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals of

Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure; Sustainable Cities and Communities; and Partnerships for

the Goals by helping expand the esports industry in the Philippines and worldwide.

This research addresses the need for specialized infrastructure and facilities in the Philippines

to support esports events and tournaments while creating a modular architecture approach that can

adapt to changes in the gaming ecosystem. The aim is to establish an esports facility that serves as a

model for local esports communities.

Background of the Study

The esports industry is on the rise, with a substantial increase in economic and cultural

significance (Scott et al., 2021). Several sources estimate that the esports betting market will reach

over $12 billion by 2020, up from roughly $5 billion in 2016. (Wardle et al., 2020). Nonetheless,

esports wagering is widespread, and little is known about esports gamblers (Wardle et al., 2020). In

recent years, the Philippines has been one of the nations where esports has proliferated (Scott et al.,

2021).

Esports, or competitive video gaming, is a burgeoning sector gaining worldwide prominence

(Leung et al., 2021). The pandemic has also substantially affected the esports market and ecosystem

(Kovács & Szabó, 2021). Esports platforms have emerged with specific requirements for esports

players (Franks et al., 2022). The introduction of sports on the Internet has resulted in the

professionalization of virtual sports tournaments and the growth of esports (Zagaa & Strzelecki,

2019). Esports has become the fastest-growing sector globally, with the number of games and prize

money rising exponentially (Iwatsuki et al., 2021).

Esports is becoming increasingly democratized and accessible to the general public, resulting

in a growing industry with 495 million viewers in the early months of 2020. (Scott et al., 2021). Its

rise has led to the emergence of esports betting, a parallel media related to sports, gaming, and

2
gambling (Macey, 2020), from which gaming equipment businesses, media firms, esports event

organizers, professional esports gamers, and streams have profited (Jang et al., 2021).

Without research on optimizing esports performance, it is necessary to address the practical

consequences of optimizing esports performance and its future path (Iwatsuki et al., 2021).

Ultimately, the rise of esports has significantly impacted the gaming industry through the

professionalization of virtual sports events and the development of a thriving, publicly accessible

sector. Nonetheless, concerns about improper gaming and a dearth of studies into boosting esports

performance continue to exist.

Several issues necessitate the installation of specific infrastructure and facilities for e-sports

competitions in the Philippines. Secondly, institutions must have access to high-quality facilities and

infrastructure to organize activities that lead to achieving desired objectives (Violensia, 2020).

(Aprilaukhti, 2019). Moreover, infrastructure and facility quality are essential considerations in luring

foreign direct investment (Fernandez et al., 2020). Second, infrastructure is crucial for supporting

learning and optimizing facility utilization to achieve goals (Alfaini, 2022). Due to the growing

popularity of e-sports tournaments, specific infrastructure and facilities are required to handle large

numbers of competitors, support high-quality audio and video equipment, and provide dependable

and high-speed internet connectivity. So, e-sports competitions in the Philippines require specialized

infrastructure and facilities to ensure smooth operation and support the industry's growth.

Esports venues can provide players and spectators with the most optimal gaming experience

with specific qualities. Motor abilities, hand and finger coordination, reaction time, and endurance are

essential for esports success (Santoso et al., 2022). Gaming gear, computers, consoles, or cell

phones are utilized in esports, and the software is game-specific (Hansen et al., 2022). Conventional

workplace knowledge and subject-specific expertise are also essential (Karadakis & Painchaud, 2022).

Implementation of the esports sector requires infrastructure, policy, technology, and visible support

(Iyinolakan, 2022).

Esports employ gaming as the competitive arena for professional athletes (Santoso et al.,

2022). Due to the competitive nature of video games, players must develop specific movement and

3
motor skills. Esports is an increasingly popular competitive gaming among adolescents and young

adults worldwide (Hansen et al., 2022).

Esports matches provide fast-paced entertainment to millions of spectators worldwide;

nevertheless, additional research is required to promote a great viewer experience (Charleer et al.,

2018). The rising advancement of video gaming and esports lacks the tools necessary to ensure that

professional and amateur teams have access to high-quality statistics and training (Smerdov et al.,

2020).

Playing esports video games has become a way for players to escape the real world's

troubles and refocus their attention on other priorities and behavioral adjustments in their daily lives

(Baltezarevi, B., & Baltezarevi, V., 2019). The optimal esports gaming experience involves specific

gear and software, physical and mental preparation, and infrastructural support.

In the Philippines, esports requires infrastructure and facilities to accommodate many

participants, provide top-notch audiovisual equipment, and guarantee reliable high-speed internet

connectivity. The facility also requires an area or a boot camp dedicated to players aspiring to

become professional esports gamers, including an area for everyday gamers who want a good

gaming atmosphere and environment. Gamers and spectators need gaming-oriented esports venues.

Institutions require high-quality facilities and infrastructure to reach their objectives.

Infrastructure also affects foreign direct investment decisions; investing in esports-specific

infrastructure can promote the sector, boost economic activity, and position the Philippines as a

premier esports destination.

Esports' success relies on regulation, technology, and visible support. Therefore, additional

research is necessary to enhance their performance and fan experience. Finally, esports provide kids

and young adults a way to escape their problems and focus on other pursuits - thus making it an

ever-expanding competitive gaming arena.

4
Statement of the Problem

The explosion of esports has revolutionized the gaming industry, gaining global recognition

and becoming accessible to everyone. However, concerns still abound regarding improper gaming

practices and a lack of research on optimizing performance for these competitions. Furthermore,

there is an urgent need in the Philippines for specialized infrastructure and facilities to support

growing esports competitions - driving demand overall. Thus, this thesis addresses how best to

construct an adaptive esports facility to meet growing demands from Filipino esports enthusiasts

while providing them with a modern facility tailored to their needs and desires. This thesis addresses

how best to create such a facility within the Philippines that addresses this issue head-on.

To attain this objective, the following Research Questions will be investigated:

1. What are the current gaming practices and infrastructure available for esports competitions

in the Philippines, and how do they fall short of meeting the needs of gamers?

2. What are Filipino esports enthusiasts' specific needs and requirements for an ideal esports

facility, and how can these be incorporated into the facility's design?

3. How can the design of an adaptive esports facility be optimized to cater to changing gaming

trends and technological advancements in the future?

Answering these research questions will provide insight into the design of an adaptable and

innovative esports facility that can meet the growing needs and demands of the Philippine esports

sector.

Project Goals, Objectives, and Strategies

Project Goals:

1. To design an innovative and adaptable esports facility that can meet the ever-changing

needs and demands of the Philippine esports sector.

2. Employing modular design solutions enhances adaptability and scalability in esports gaming

facilities.

5
 3. To assess how modular design could facilitate infrastructure improvement and innovation

within the esports gaming industry, creating customized gaming facilities to meet increasing

demand in a City in Metro Manila.

4. To research the unique aspects of esports venues, such as the technology and software

needed to give players and spectators an optimal gaming experience.

5. To address the challenges confronting esports in the Philippines, such as lack of official

support and recognition for it as a legitimate sport and inadequate infrastructure and

competition facilities.

6. To develop the esports industry in the Philippines and internationally in line with United

Nations Sustainable Development Goals for Industry, Innovation, Infrastructure, Sustainable

Cities & Communities, as well as Partnerships for these Goals.

7. To establish a facility for esports that could serve as an example to the sector in Metro

Manila.

Objectives:

1. Assess current infrastructure and facilities related to esports and determine their strengths

and shortcomings.

2. To explore the applicability of modular design concepts to esports venues.

3. To develop a modular architecture strategy that can adapt to changes in the gaming

landscape and meet the evolving needs of the Philippine esports sector.

4. To construct an esports facility based on this modular architectural strategy and assess its

adaptability and scalability.

5. Assessing the benefits of modular design in increasing infrastructure and innovation within

the esports gaming industry.

6
Strategies:

1. Conduct an extensive literature review on modular design and its application within esports

facilities.

2. Assess the Philippines' existing esports facilities and identify areas for development.

3. Conduct interviews and surveys with esports players, tournament organizers, and industry

experts to identify ideal designs and spaces in the gaming facility.

4. Assess the obstacles preventing the growth of esports in the Philippines, such as a lack of

resources, infrastructure, and formal recognition, and propose remedies.

5. Devise a modular architecture strategy for obstacles impeding esports development in the

Philippines.

6. Create a prototype esports facility using the modular architectural concept and assess its

adaptability and scalability through simulations and real-world tests.

7. Evaluate the success of modular architecture as a means for increasing infrastructure and

innovation within esports gaming by comparing it with existing facilities.

Significance of the Study

The thesis "Modular Architecture for a New Age of Gaming: An ESports Facility that Adapts to

the Shifting Landscape of Gaming" is important to stakeholders. The research seeks to create a

flexible and creative esports facility for the Philippine market. Modular design ideas will increase the

Philippines' esports industry's flexibility and scalability.

Future scholars will find this report invaluable in its multiple aspects. It provides crucial

insight into the design of infrastructure and facilities that can accommodate esports' rapidly

increasing growth. As the popularity of esports continues to grow, infrastructure must be created that

can accommodate many competitors, provide fast internet connection speeds, and accommodate

top-quality audio/video equipment. Second, the research emphasizes the significance of modular

architecture in adapting to an ever-evolving gaming ecosystem. Modular design and construction

enable facilities to accommodate new technology, gaming trends, and user preferences. Thirdly, this

research can be a starting point for future investigations into optimizing esports performance and

7
providing gamers with an enhanced gaming experience. Overall, future work on esports

infrastructure, technology, and design will be informed by what has been discovered in the field.

Esports enthusiasts and Coaches will benefit from the study. They will benefit from

specialized infrastructure and amenities that optimize gaming. Coaches can use the esports facility to

assist and guide aspiring Professional Gamers about the gaming industry.

The study will assist the community, especially the Philippine esports industry. Esports events

and tournaments in the Philippines can attract foreign direct investment and boost economic growth.

The thesis addresses the need for specialized infrastructure and facilities.

Private gaming enterprises might benefit from customized infrastructure and amenities that

optimize their gaming experience. This can boost their competitiveness, consumers, and revenue.

The proposed esports center can help boost economic growth and gaming industry collaborations for

private enterprises. Private enterprises can access new markets and business prospects by growing

the esports industry in the Philippines and abroad. The proposed esports center can boost private

enterprises' competitiveness and open new gaming industry business opportunities.

Gaming fanatics The project intends to develop an esports facility that can adapt to changing

gaming trends to give gamers the best experience. The modular design ideas used in the research

will allow the facility to accommodate the latest gaming technology and trends, making it a popular

destination for gamers and aficionados. The esports sector requires a comfortable and safe gaming

environment, which the facility's architecture will deliver. The study will also address the absence of

specialized infrastructure and facilities for esports events and tournaments in the Philippines, giving

gamers and enthusiasts additional chances to show off their skills.

The UN Sustainable Development Goals of Industry, Innovation, Infrastructure, Sustainable

Cities and Communities, and Partnerships for the Goals apply to the research. The study can boost

economic growth, infrastructure, innovation, and gaming industry alliances by developing the esports

business in the Philippines and internationally.

The "Modular Architecture for a New Era of Gaming: An Esports Facility that Adapts to the

Changing Landscape of Gaming" thesis has implications for fans, coaches, future researchers, private

8
companies, and the Filipino esports industry. The modular design concepts presented in the study will

enable esports gaming facilities to adapt to altering gaming trends and technologies. The research

also addresses that the Philippines requires specific infrastructure and facilities for esports events and

tournaments to encourage economic growth and foreign direct investment. The study supports

industry, Innovation, Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and Communities, and partnerships. In

conclusion, this thesis will contribute to the growth and sustainability of the esports business in the

Philippines and internationally.

Scope and Limitations

Scope

This architectural thesis aims to build an innovative and adaptable esports facility that can

meet the changing needs and requirements of the Filipino industry. The scope will be in a City in

Metro Manila. The research will investigate how modular design may improve infrastructure and

innovation in the esports gaming industry, resulting in flexible gaming facilities to satisfy the nation's

growing demand. The research will also examine the unique aspects of esports facilities, including

the technology and software required to provide players and spectators with the most significant

gaming experience imaginable. This thesis aims to advance the United Nations Sustainable

Development Goals of Industry, Innovation, Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and Communities, and

Partnerships for the Goals by contributing to expanding the esports sector in the Philippines and

internationally. The research aims to create an esports facility that can serve as a model for the

industry in the Philippines and overseas.

Limitations

This thesis will not investigate esports' psychological and social consequences and the incidence

of gaming disorders and risky gaming. This study will not address Esports problems such as female

representation, player compensation, cheating claims, or retirement. In addition, the research will not

focus on a comprehensive analysis of the esports industry but on developing a modular design for an

esports facility. In addition, the thesis will not elaborate on the legal aspects of esports, such as the

9
existing legislation and policies. In conclusion, the financial ramifications of establishing and operating

an esports facility will not be examined in depth in this study.

Assumption

According to the research project "Modular Architecture for a New Era of Gaming: An ESports

Facility that Adapts to the Changing Landscape of Gaming," several assumptions can be made:

1. The esports sector is overgrowing and gaining cultural and economic relevance.

2. Esports competitions require specialized infrastructure and facilities to accommodate large

numbers of competitors, top-quality audio/visual gear, and reliable high-speed internet

connection.

3. In the Philippines, there is a lack of official support and recognition for esports as an official

sport and a lack of infrastructure and facilities to host competitions in this sector. These

factors pose significant obstacles to the growth of esports in the country.

4. Modular design solutions can facilitate infrastructure improvement and innovation within the

esports gaming industry, creating flexible gaming facilities to meet growing demand across

the United States.

5. This research will further advance the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals of

Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure; Sustainable Cities and Communities; and

Partnerships for the Goals by supporting and expanding esports activity within the Philippines

and beyond.

10
Conceptual Framework
INPUTS
Esports competitions have
requirements and demands
for specialized
infrastructure and
amenities.
Requirement for
infrastructure and facility
quality to attract and
sustain foreign direct
investment
Increasing popularity of
esports competitions
Must improve esports
performance
Esports lack official support
and recognition as a
legitimate sport.
The Philippines' esports
sector is on the rise.
Insufficient infrastructure
and facilities for esports
competitions.
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework
PROCESSES
Industry, Innovation, and
Infrastructure, Sustainable
Cities and Communities,
and Partnerships for the
Sustainable Development
Goals should be promoted.
Contribute to the
development of the esports
industry in the Philippines
and internationally
Analyze impediments to
esports in the Philippines
and devise strategies to
overcome them.
Examine modular design
ideas to improve
infrastructure and
innovation in the esports
gaming industry.
Investigate how modular
architecture may generate
customizable gaming
facilities to suit the
increased demand for
specialized infrastructure
and venues to support
esports contests.
Construct an esports facility
that may serve as a model
for the industry in the
Philippines and around the
world.
Examine esports facilities,
including the technology
and software needed to
give players and spectators
the best gaming
experience.
OUTPUTS
Innovative and adaptable
esports facility that can
meet the industry's
evolving needs and
demands.
Modular design ideas
enhance infrastructure and
innovation in the esports
gaming industry.
Adaptable gaming facilities
that can fulfill the
increased demand for
specialized infrastructure
and facilities to enable
esports contests in the
United States.
List of difficulties
confronting esports in the
Philippines and proposed
remedies
Construction of an esports
facility that can serve as a
model for the industry in
the Philippines and around
the world.
Growth of the global and
Philippine esports industries
Promotion of the UN
Sustainable Development
Goals of Industry,
Innovation, and
Infrastructure, Sustainable
Cities and Communities,
and Partnerships for the
Goals
11
 The conceptual framework of this architectural thesis centers around creating a modular and

adaptable esports facility that satisfies the industry's rising demands and requirements. The

framework is supported by factors such as the requirement for specialized infrastructure and

amenities, the prominence of esports competitions, and the lack of official recognition of esports as a

legitimate sport. The process involves promoting sustainable development objectives, analyzing

obstacles to esports in the Philippines, researching modular design concepts, and analyzing the

technology and software of esports facilities. Outcomes include an innovative and adaptable esports

facility that can satisfy the evolving needs and demands of the industry, a list of challenges facing

esports in the Philippines and proposed solutions, and the expansion of the global and Philippine

esports industries. The framework seeks to promote the UN Sustainable Development Goals of

Industry, Innovation, Infrastructure, Sustainable Cities and Communities, and Partnerships for the

Goals while contributing to developing the esports industry in the Philippines and internationally.

12
 Theoretical Framework

Identify Conduct Gather

Stakeholders Research Feedback

Analyze Collaborative
Iterative Process
Feedback Design

Finalize Design Implementation

Figure 2. Theoretical Framework

The researcher will utilize Participatory Design to create an innovative and adaptable esports

facility that can meet the changing requirements of the Philippine esports industry. According to

Devisch et al. (2018), Participatory Design (PD) was introduced in the 1970s to allow users and

designers to create better products, systems, and spaces through a collaborative process that

facilitates the creation of a facility both user-centered and context-specific.

The PD will be implemented in three phases: the phase of analysis, the phase of design, and

the phase of evaluation. In the analysis phase, the researcher will investigate the current status of

esports facilities in the Philippines, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and assess user

requirements and preferences. The researcher will collect data through questionnaires, interviews,

and focus group discussions with various stakeholders, including participants, organizers, and

spectators.

Involve users in the design process during the design phase by soliciting their input on facility

features, equipment, and layout. Input from users will be incorporated into the design process, and

13
design iterations will be conducted until a final design is created. The researcher will use modular

design strategies to ensure the facility can adapt to changing user requirements and preferences.

In the evaluation phase, the researcher will evaluate the efficacy of the facility by monitoring

user satisfaction and facility utilization. The researcher will collect data on user feedback and the

facility's performance, then modify the design as necessary to enhance the facility's performance.

The PD is an ideal methodology for this study because it enables users to participate in the

design process, resulting in a facility that meets their needs and preferences. In addition, the PDT

methodology encourages the development of esports facilities that can adapt to the swiftly changing

gaming ecosystem. In addition to ensuring that the esports facility can adapt to changing user

requirements and preferences, the PDT method employs modular design strategies. This research will

produce a facility that functions as a model for local esports communities, thereby contributing to the

expansion of the esports industry.

14
Definition of Terms

Artificial Intelligence is the capacity of machines or computer programs to perform tasks

commonly only available with human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and

decision-making. AI often serves to automate or augment human labor; its applications span

numerous industries and fields.

Esports, Esports, also known as E-Sports, is a form of competitive video gaming where

professional players compete against one another in organized tournaments either individually or as

teams. Over the years, this has grown into an essential industry with millions of fans and significant

revenue.

Esports Betting Market, Esports have created a lucrative gambling industry where people

wager on the outcomes of matches. This has grown into an enormous global industry, with millions

of dollars being wagered on esports events annually.

Esports Performance Optimization, Esports performance enhancement refers to

strategies and techniques employed for physical training, mental conditioning, nutritional support,

and equipment optimization.

Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the investment made by a

company or individual from one country into another country. FDI can take many forms, such as

buying an existing business, investing in a joint venture, or building a new facility. FDI often serves to

expand into new markets, access resources, or take advantage of lower costs.

High-Quality Facilities and Infrastructure, Refers to the physical and technological

components of a building or space designed and constructed with the highest standards for quality,

safety, and functionality. It includes durable materials, advanced technology, efficient energy

systems, and ergonomic design.

Infrastructure and Facilities for Esports Tournaments, Esports events require physical

and technological components, such as gaming consoles, computers, internet connection, seating

arrangements, lighting systems, sound systems, and broadcast equipment.

15
 Modular Architecture, An architectural approach that involves creating building

components or modules that can be assembled or disassembled quickly. This provides flexibility,

adaptability, and scalability, making it a cost-effective and efficient building construction method.

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, In 2015, the United Nations adopted

17 Sustainable Development Goals to encourage sustainable development worldwide. These SDGs

address poverty reduction, education access, health; gender equality; climate change mitigation

strategies; and sustainable cities and communities.

Acronyms

AI. Artificial Intelligence.

Esports. Electronic Sports.

FDI. Foreign Direct Investment.

UN. United Nations.

SDG. Sustainable Development Goals.

16
Chapter I.2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

“Towards a Framework to Support the Design of Esports Curricula in Higher Education”

Overview of the esports industry and its economic and cultural significance, including the

growth of esports betting, the democratization of esports, and the rise of esports-related media.

According to a Journal by Scott, Summerley, Besombes, et al. (2021). Esports is a rapidly

growing industry with significant economic and cultural significance. The industry has been around

since the late 1990s but has recently become more democratized, making it accessible to more

people. This increased accessibility has led to a boom in the industry, with audiences reaching 495

million people in early 2020. One area of growth in esports is esports betting. This involves placing

bets on esports events, where the performance of the players or teams involved determines the

outcome. Esports betting is rapidly gaining popularity and is expected to be worth $14 billion by

2020. The rise of esports-related media has further contributed to the industry's cultural significance,

with increased coverage of esports events in mainstream media outlets. Overall, esports is a fast-

growing industry with significant economic and cultural importance, including the growth of esports

betting, the democratization of esports, and the rise of esports-related media. Overall, the esports

industry continues to grow and gain cultural and economic significance, with the rise of esports-

related media, the democratization of sports, and esports betting playing significant roles in this

growth.

The thesis "Modular Architecture for a New Era of Gaming: An Esports Facility that Adapts to

the Changing Landscape of Gaming" addresses the need for flexible and adaptable space to

accommodate the rapidly growing esports industry. By early 2020, esports had amassed an audience

of 495 million people and is expected to keep growing due to the democratization of esports, the rise

of related media, and growing interest in esports betting. The proposed modular architecture will be

tailored to accommodate various gaming events and offer an immersive experience for players and

spectators. It will adapt to the evolving gaming landscape, providing a sustainable and efficient space

for esports professionals.

17
 The specific characteristics of esports facilities are to offer players and spectators the best

possible gaming experience. This related literature and studies are composed of different journals.

In order to offer players and spectators the optimal gaming experience, an esports facility

must possess certain qualities. Firstly, athletes require excellent motor skills of hands and fingers,

eye-hand coordination, and endurance (Santoso et al., 2022). Therefore, the facility should be

equipped with high-performance computer systems, gaming peripherals like keyboards, mice,

monitors, and ergonomic chairs to guarantee that players are physically comfortable during extended

gaming sessions. Second, the esports industry necessitates specific knowledge, skills, and abilities

(Karadakis & Painchaud, 2022), so there should be enough support staff like coaches, trainers, event

organizers, and commentators (Li et al., 2020). Furthermore, to guarantee viewers an enjoyable

viewing experience in a gaming environment, it should prioritize straightforward classical narrative

design (Fradley-Pereira 2021), which includes high-quality audiovisual equipment and engaging

broadcasting (Li et al., 2020).

How can an esports facility adjust to the ever-evolving gaming landscape and provide players

and spectators with the best experience? For this to be achieved, an esports facility must have high-

performance computer systems, ergonomic chairs, and gaming peripherals at its disposal.

Additionally, it should have a team of support personnel such as coaches, trainers, event organizers,

and commentators with the necessary expertise, skillsets, and abilities for success in the esports

industry. Additionally, a gaming environment that emphasizes classic narrative design, high-quality

audiovisual equipment, and captivating broadcasting is essential for an enjoyable viewing experience.

To stay current in the ever-evolving gaming landscape, facilities should be designed with a modular

architecture that allows easy adaptation to new technological breakthroughs and shifts within the

industry.

The challenges facing esports in the Philippines include the lack of official recognition of

esports as a legitimate sport and the absence of infrastructure and facilities for esports tournaments.

This related literature and studies are composed of different journals.

18
 Esports in the Philippines face several difficulties due to a lack of official recognition as an

official sport and inadequate infrastructure and facilities for hosting tournaments. On the recognition

front, although widespread academic acceptance exists that esports should be classified as a sport

(Cranmer et al., 2021), official recognition is still pending. Esports governance remains an issue that

the industry must grapple with, with attempts at implementing governance structures yet to find

consensus. Like traditional sports, Esports also face foul play and match-fixing (Ma et al., 2022).

Infrastructure and facilities for esports tournaments are lacking in the Philippines. High costs,

corruption, lack of access, and excessive billing of constructions have been identified as impediments

to development (Patreze et al., 2020). Without adequate infrastructure and facilities, esports

tournaments may lack quality and hinder the growth and development of the industry. In conclusion,

esports in the Philippines face many obstacles due to a lack of official recognition as an official sport,

a lack of infrastructure and facilities for tournaments, and weak governance structures. While some

progress has been made toward addressing these issues, more work needs to be done to foster the

growth and development of esports across the country.

Esports in the Philippines face numerous obstacles, such as a lack of official recognition as a

sport, inadequate infrastructure and facilities for hosting tournaments, training aspiring gamers,

accepting everyday gamers or game enthusiasts, and weak governance structures. Though efforts

have been made to address these issues, more work remains to foster the industry's growth and

development. Prioritizing recognition for esports as a legitimate sport should be prioritized, while

governance structures need strengthening to address issues like match-fixing. In addition, adequate

infrastructure must be provided so quality tournaments can occur while stimulating industry

expansion. Addressing these obstacles will ultimately contribute to the advancement of esports in the

Philippines.

The importance of specialized infrastructure and facilities for esports competitions, such as

high-quality audio and video equipment and reliable, high-speed internet connectivity. This related

literature and studies are composed of different journals.

19
 Esports, a form of sport where electronic technology provides the primary components,

necessitates particular infrastructure and facilities to offer participants and spectators an optimal

gaming experience. Esports competitions necessitate top-tier audio and video equipment and a

reliable internet connection (Santoso et al., 2022). Unfortunately, the rapidly developing world of

esports lacks the tools to guarantee professional and amateur teams access to high-quality statistics

and training materials. It has been proposed that artificial intelligence (AI) can accurately forecast

esports players' in-game performances from sensor data alone (Smerdov et al., 2022). Esports events

require unique venues or locations for revenue-generating activities, like ticket and memorabilia

sales. These facilities have become increasingly crucial as stadium attendance has grown

substantially in recent years (Sutantio et al., 2019). Esports draw upon vital elements of traditional

sports, such as interpersonal competition, adhering to rules, skill training and development, goal

attainment, agility, and coordination. Esports athletes undergo extensive training to perfect their

hand movements, develop reflexes and build muscle memory. To progress from an amateur internet

gamer to a professional esports player requires significant cognitive and physical skill improvement

(Singh et al., 2022). At esports competitions, dedicated infrastructure and facilities help improve

competitors' and spectators' gaming experiences.

Esports require specific infrastructure and facilities to offer players and spectators an optimal

gaming experience. These competitions require top-tier audio/video equipment, reliable internet

connection, and unique venues or locations for revenue-generating activities. Artificial intelligence has

even been proposed for forecasting players' in-game performances accurately. Esports draw upon

critical elements from traditional sports like interpersonal competition, skill development, agility, and

coordination which require extensive training in cognitive and physical skill improvement. Dedicated

infrastructure and facilities are essential for improving competitors' and spectators' gaming

experiences at esports events.

The advantages of modular architecture in enhancing infrastructure and innovation in the

esports gaming industry, producing adaptable gaming facilities to satisfy the rising demand for

20
esports competitions and events. This related literature and studies are composed of different

journals.

Infrastructure and innovation in the esports gaming industry can be improved by modular

architecture in several ways. Sutantio et al. (2019) state that modular architecture can be used to

design adaptable gaming facilities to satisfy the growing demand for esports events and

tournaments. The availability and affordability of increased Internet bandwidth, video memory, and

processing speed have allowed esports to become a thriving global phenomenon with over two billion

active participants (Finch et al., 2020). As a result, modular architecture can aid in developing

adaptable gaming facilities that are easily modifiable to satisfy the ever-changing requirements of the

esports industry.

The use of modular architecture in the design of esports facilities enables greater flexibility

and adaptability to meet the evolving requirements of the rapidly expanding esports industry. This is

especially important in light of the growing demand for esports events and tournaments and the need

for venues that can provide the necessary infrastructure and amenities for participants and

spectators. Moreover, the continued advancement of technology, such as artificial intelligence and

high-speed internet connectivity, presents opportunities for developing innovative esports facilities

that can provide an optimal gaming experience. This process can be aided by modular architecture,

which offers a scalable and adaptable design strategy that can be readily adapted to meet the

changing demands of the esports landscape.

The facilities used for esports have unique qualities, which set them apart from those used

for traditional sports. This related literature and studies are composed of different journals.

The unique characteristics of esports facilities distinguish them from other sports facilities.

Esports is a growing form of entertainment that resembles traditional sports, including participants,

spectators, competition, and entertainment. (Karadakis & Painchaud, 2022). Nonetheless, esports

facilities are distinct in that they are designed to accommodate electronic activities enabled by

electronic systems. (Sutantio et al., 2019). Esports facilities are not designed for physical activity but

for computer-based competitions involving strategy. (Pereira et al., 2019). In order to accommodate

21
the requirements of esports players and spectators, esports facilities must be designed with special

considerations in mind. As technology is a crucial component of esports, the design of esports

facilities must consider technology administration. (Karadakis & Painchaud, 2022). In addition,

esports facilities should be designed to accommodate the needs of spectators who observe the

competition online instead of in person. (Huettermann & Pizzo, 2022). Esports athletes differ from

traditional athletes in their characteristics. Esports competitors are typically less extroverted and less

conscientious than athletes. (Behnke et al., 2023). However, esports competitors share some

characteristics with traditional athletes, including the need for commitment, discipline, and

competitiveness. (Perez & Rubio, 2023).

The thesis titled "Modular Architecture for a New Era of Gaming: An ESports Facility that

Adapts to the Changing Landscape of Gaming" proposes the design of an adaptable esports facility

that meets the specific needs of electronic-based competitions. The facility should accommodate the

administration of technology and the requirements of players and online spectators. The thesis

acknowledges the unique characteristics of esports athletes and the changing gaming landscape. The

proposed modular architecture should be adaptable and modular to accommodate altering

technological requirements and esports competition demands. Overall, the thesis proposes a forward-

thinking approach to developing esports facilities that acknowledge the specific needs of electronic-

based sports.

Review of Related Literature and Studies (Philippines)

Current trends and developments in the esports industry in the Philippines. This related

literature and studies are composed of different journals.

The Philippine esports industry is a new and prospective sector of the global economy that

offers businesses compelling integration scenarios. (Velikorossov et al., 2020). Despite the worldwide

pandemic, the industry has experienced a decade of phenomenal growth. (Bousquet & Ertz, 2021).

In 2019, the total market value of the esports industry came close to USD 1 billion. (Anderson et al.,

2021). By 2020, the industry is anticipated to generate revenues approaching $1.5 billion. (Sweeney

et al., 2019). The esports industry is structured by establishing national and international

22
organizations (Kilci & Yalcner, 2020). Current trends and developments in the esports industry in the

Philippines and internationally indicate that the industry is rapidly expanding and has a bright future.

Integration of esports into major professional leagues around the globe is anticipated to continue as

a trend. Existing literature focuses primarily on esports games and activities closely associated with

esports.

Expanding the esports industry in the Philippines and worldwide presents an opportunity for

businesses to invest in developing esports facilities that can adapt to the evolving gaming landscape.

This thesis proposes a modular architecture approach for designing esports facilities readily adaptable

to evolving gaming technologies and player requirements. By incorporating modular design principles,

the proposed esports facility can be updated and reconfigured with minimal disruption, providing a

cost-effective and long-term solution to accommodate the industry's dynamic nature.

“The Next Level: The Rise of Esports in the Philippines”

Current trends in the esports industry in the Philippines and How Esports affect the demand

for specialized infrastructure and facilities.

According to Wong et al. (2021), all titles, not just Mobile Legends, must improve strategies

to build a robust esports industry in the Philippines. Player Unknown's Battlegrounds (PUBG), the

most popular Battle Royale game in the Philippines, combat games like Tekken 7, and even the old

dog's DOTA 2 and League of Legends continue to play a significant role in fostering a thriving

Philippine esports scene. Different esports titles enjoy considerable viewership alongside one another

and do not necessarily compete for space in the community except during the exact broadcast times.

If the games pique the consumers' interest, they may become participants and enthusiasts of

multiple titles.

Moreover, according to Wong et al. (2021), Mobile Legends is expected to be the protagonist

of the esports industry in the Philippines, with the responsibility of shattering mainstream

expectations and reservations against esports. Simultaneously, all other titles must be prepared to

establish their footing, cultivate their fan bases, and promote the same image and branding of

esports as a respectable industry.

23
 Esports has created a new gaming period requiring specialized infrastructure and facilities for

players and spectators. With the rise of esports in the Philippines, it is essential to examine how the

changing landscape of gaming affects the demand for specialized infrastructure and facilities. Flexible

locations for multiple esports titles are gaining importance. For the future of gaming, the study

recommends a modular esports infrastructure. The facility will support mobile Legends, Player

Unknown's Battlegrounds, Tekken 7, DOTA 2, League of Legends, and other titles. It will be flexible,

modular, and scalable, accommodating diverse event capacities and requirements. Modern

technology, high-speed Internet, and agreeable amenities will create an immersive experience for

gamers and spectators. It will elevate esports and challenge the perceptions of the general public.

This thesis aims to contribute to the growth of a robust esports industry in the Philippines by

constructing a facility that can accommodate the evolving gaming landscape.

Review of Related Literature and Studies (Foreign)

The current state of esports infrastructure and facilities worldwide. This related literature and

studies are composed of different journals.

It can be inferred that esports infrastructure and venues are swiftly expanding and

transforming globally. Esports has converted gaming into a global, networked arena where players

compete against one another. (Finch et al., 2020). The number of viewers/followers of esports

tournaments is growing daily, so specialized television programs are adapting their programming to

meet this demand (Aleksi, 2020). Esports, viewed through the lens of sports tourism, is a viable

business within the hospitality industry. Hotels accommodating esports gamers and events can

improve venue operation and global appeal. (Lebedeva, 2021). In recent years, the esports industry

has grown substantially, and its growth factors and how it has benefited from the COVID-19

pandemic relative to traditional competitive sports have been analyzed. (Block & Haack, 2021).

Esports venues are a new sports business opportunity, and attendance at esports stadiums has

increased significantly in recent years. (Sutantio et al., 2019). Esports has been recognized as an

organized sport by the International Olympic Committee, and it has become imperative that sports

medicine physicians incorporate esports medicine into their practices. (Franks et al., 2022). Nigeria

24
generated $184,6 million in revenue from esports and gaming, but the industry needs an

infrastructure, policy, technical, and visibility push to realize its potential. (Iyinolakan, 2022).

The global esports industry's accelerated expansion and transformation have increased the

demand for specialized infrastructure and venues. Esports has become a global phenomenon,

attracting many spectators and enthusiasts. The esports industry offers hotels that accommodate

gamers and events lucrative business opportunities. It is necessary to develop the esports industry's

infrastructure, policy, technical, and visibility aspects to actualize its full revenue-generating potential.

25
 Benefits and limitations of modular design strategies for esports facilities. This related

literature and studies are composed of different journals.

Modular design offers numerous advantages, including adaptability, rapidity of erection,

autonomy, cost-effectiveness, transformative potential, and lower operating costs (Loshakov, 2022).

In the context of esports facilities, modular design can offer advantages such as flexibility and

adaptability to changing requirements, expansion simplicity, and cost savings (Aalto et al., 2019).

However, modular design has some drawbacks, such as the need for standardization, limited design

options, and potential integration difficulties (Arsenault, 2004). In addition, modular design may not

be appropriate for all types of facilities, such as those with complex designs or specific needs (Naqvi

et al., 2014). Consequently, the advantages and disadvantages of modular design strategies for

esports facilities depend on the facility's specific context and requirements. Before implementing the

modular design in an esports facility, it is essential to thoroughly consider the limitations and

potential challenges.

A promising strategy for designing esports facilities that can adapt to the ever-changing

gaming landscape is modular architecture. It provides benefits, including adaptability, simplicity of

expansion, and cost savings. However, it has several drawbacks, including the need for

standardization, limited design options, and potential integration challenges. Consequently, the

viability of modular design for an esports facility is contingent upon the particular context and

requirements. Before implementing modular design strategies, architects must consider these

restrictions and obstacles. The thesis aims to investigate the potential of modular architecture for

esports facilities and evaluate its benefits and limitations in meeting the ever-evolving requirements

of the gaming industry.

Unique characteristics of esports facilities must be considered during the design phase. This

related literature and studies are composed of different journals.

Several unique characteristics of esports facilities must be considered during the design

phase. First, esports facilities must accommodate competitors and spectators (Karadakis &

Painchaud, 2021). Secondly, esports commentators face unique challenges, such as preparing for

26
real-time commentary on highly dynamic games, the complexity of in-the-moment decisions during

the game's broadcast, and balancing personal style with professional standards (Li et al., 2020).

Thirdly, the management of esports facilities should consider the activities of government

organizations, the level of social and cultural development, the competitiveness of esports, the

condition of the infrastructure, and the variety of game types (Lyeonov et al., 2022). Fourthly, the

internal motivation of esports can motivate adolescents to recognize their individual needs and

actively engage in esports to meet those needs (Chen & Bu, 2022). Fifthly, esports venues should be

designed to accommodate the escalating growth of esports, particularly regarding the venue or

location used for esports-related activities by utilizing existing buildings for ticket sales, souvenirs,

and others (Sutantio et al., 2019). Lastly, esports facilities should be designed to accommodate the

requirements of both players and spectators and to offer a unique and authentic spectatorship

experience (Cumming, 2021).

The design of esports facilities must consider the unique requirements of competitors,

commentators, and spectators, as well as the expansion and evolution of the gaming industry. There

is a need for an architecture strategy that can adapt to shifting gaming landscapes. The thesis

proposes the development of a reconfigurable and expandable esports facility with flexible spaces for

competition, dissemination, and spectatorship. The facility must consider government regulations,

infrastructure, cultural development, and game varieties. The design should also inspire adolescent

participation and provide a genuine spectatorship experience. The proposed modular architecture

approach can accommodate the ever-changing requirements of the esports industry.

Impact of esports on the gaming industry and the response of other countries to this impact

through their facility design. This related literature and studies are composed of different journals.

Esports, or competitive video gaming, has become a fast-growing business worldwide (Sousa

et al., 2020). The industry is considered worth billions of dollars. It has been compared to traditional

sports in terms of its culture, elite athletes, teams, league sponsorships, large viewing audiences,

high-profile leagues and championships, and chances to bet on the results (Wardle et al., 2020).

Sports have also led to new businesses, such as streaming media and esports gaming (Li, 2022).

27
Because esports are popular, esports facilities have been built to meet the needs of both players and

viewers. Countries like China have become the center of the online video game industry, especially

MOBA. This has led young players to use video games to train (Cai et al., 2022). In Ukraine, hotels

catering to esports gamers and competitions offer the chance to improve venue management and

appeal globally (Lebedeva, 2021).

The esports industry presents a one-of-a-kind opportunity to develop specialized facilities

that satisfy the needs of players and spectators. Esports facilities must accommodate the latest

technology and provide participants and spectators with a comfortable and engaging environment.

The success of the esports industry in countries such as China and Ukraine demonstrates the

potential for these facilities to serve as training, media production, entertainment centers, and

competition venues. When designing these facilities, it is essential to consider the dynamic nature of

the esports industry and its impact on culture and business.

Esports is a rapidly expanding industry requiring specialized infrastructure and facilities to

provide participants and spectators with the best gaming experience possible. The proposed modular

architecture for an esports facility can be adapted to meet the ever-changing needs of the esports

industry in order to meet this need. The facility should be outfitted with high-performance computer

systems, gaming peripherals, and ergonomic chairs to ensure that players are physiologically

comfortable during extended gaming sessions. In addition, there should be sufficient support

personnel, such as coaches, trainers, event organizers, and commentators, to ensure that

participants have the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities.

The research also examines the obstacles encountered by esports in the Philippines,

including a lack of official recognition as a sport, inadequate infrastructure and facilities for hosting

tournaments, and weak governance. Adaptable gaming facilities can be designed using modular

architecture to meet the rising demand for esports events and tournaments, enhancing infrastructure

and innovation in the esports gaming industry. The accessibility and affordability of increased

Internet bandwidth, video memory, and processing speed have enabled esports to become a

28
prospering global phenomenon. The proposed modular architecture can assist in developing

adaptable gaming facilities that meet the requirements of the esports industry.

29
Case Studies

Local Case Studies

I. BREN Esports Facility

Figure 3. The Training Area of the BREN Esports Facility

Location: Nexus Center, Makati Central Business District

Built/Opened: 2019

Building Typology: Esports Facility

COO: Leo Andrew Escutin

Founder: Bernard “Bren” Chong

Bren Esports is a professional Southeast Asian esports organization headquartered in the

Philippines. It has competitive teams in Mobile Legends: Bang Bang, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive,

PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds, League of Legends, Overwatch, Hearthstone, Clash Royale, Arena of

Valor, Rules of Survival, Valorant, and Tekken 7 (Manaloto, 2018). The team's name in the Philippine

esports division, The Nationals, is Bren EPro. Bernard "Bren" Chong, a member of the Chong clan

that owns World Balance, founded the organization on August 16, 2017 (Dannug, 2021).

BREN ESport Facility

The Chief Operating Officer of Leo Bren Esports, Andrew Escutin, said about the new facility: "We

intend to depart from the typical 'gaming home' structure in which the team eats, sleeps, and trains

in the exact location seven days a week. They will be able to train as athletes at this facility, and

once their training is complete, they will be free to pursue any lifestyle they desire.

30
 Spaces:

 Lobby/Guest Area

 Admin Area

 Viewing Lounge

 Boardroom

 Cafeteria

 Gaming Room

 Gym

 Sleeping Quarters

 Training/Practice Area

 Recreational Area

 Production Area

Analysis

The BREN Esports Training Facility in the Philippines is an exceptional esports training facility.

It offers 11 practice rooms, a production area, a gym, a recreation area, an administrative area, a

viewing lounge, a board room, and a cafeteria on 2,000 square meters. This extensive selection of

amenities will provide participants with a healthy, well-rounded lifestyle, including physical and

mental health.

The facility is located in the Central Business District of Makati. It is outfitted with the most

recent hardware and peripherals from the ASUS Republic of Gamers (ROG) to provide participants

with the necessary equipment for optimal performance. The collaboration between BREN Esports and

ASUS ROG is a prime example of how the gaming industry works together to support esports

athletes.

The facility deviates from the traditional "gaming house" layout in which players dine, sleep,

and train in the exact location. Instead, the facility provides players with an environment conducive

to athletic training and permits them to appreciate their personal lives after practice. This strategy

will contribute to the long-term improvement of the athlete's overall health and performance.

31
 The partnership between the facility, personal trainers, and sports psychologists is an

excellent initiative highlighting the significance of physical and mental health in esports. It is essential

to recognize that esports athletes require physical fitness and mental preparation to maintain optimal

performance during competitions.

The BREN Esports Training Facility is an important development for the Philippine esports

community. It is a step toward recognizing esports as a legitimate sport and providing a platform for

professional players to refine their skills. Observing how esports facilities will transform in the future

and their effect on the industry will be fascinating.

Conclusion

The official opening of the Bren Esports Training Facility is a significant milestone for the

Philippine esports industry. The facility's design reflects the growing trend of constructing specialized

training facilities for esports teams, which can improve the physical and mental health of the players.

The facility's strategic location in Makati's Central Business District and its partnerships with ASUS

Republic of Gamers and personal trainers can give Bren Esports a competitive edge in the region.

Including a recreation area, a production area, a viewing lounge, a board room, and a cafeteria

emphasizes the need for comprehensive esports training facilities beyond gaming. The Bren Esports

Training Facility in the Philippines establishes a new standard for esports training facilities and can

serve as a model for other facilities.

II. High Grounds Café by TNC

Figure 4. The Interior of the High Grounds Cafe

32
Location: Scout Rallos St. in Tomas Morato, Quezon City

Built/Opened: 2017

Building Typology: Esports Facility

Owner: Eric Redulfin

TNC – TheNet.Com

TheNet.Com's TNC Predator (formerly TNC Pro Team and TnC Gaming) is a Southeast Asian

multi-gaming organization.

High Grounds Café by TNC

As the esports industry continues to expand and acquire mainstream recognition, gaming cafés

have become an integral component of gaming culture. TheNet.com (TNC) operates the High

Grounds Café, accommodating gamers of all skill levels. This café is in the bustling Scout Rallos

district of Quezon City, near Tomas Morato. It offers the latest and most potent Predator gaming PCs

in a specially designed environment for extended gaming sessions. High Grounds Café also features a

coffee shop and restaurant where anyone can unwind and enjoy a variety of coffee-based beverages,

comfort foods, and pastries. Whether someone is a seasoned enthusiast or a beginner, High Grounds

Café is the ideal place to meet like-minded individuals, make new friends, and have a good time in a

vibrant and exciting atmosphere.

Spaces:

 Lobby/Guest Area

 Admin Area

 Café/Restaurant

 Gaming Area/Tournament Area

 Event Hall

Analysis

The layout and apparatus of High Grounds Café are designed to accommodate casual and

professional gamers. The expansive area and high ceiling create a comfortable and airy environment,

while the fully upholstered chairs ensure maximal comfort during extended gaming sessions. Predator

33
desktops, renowned for their high-performance capabilities, underscore the café's commitment to

providing the best gaming experience.

In addition to its gaming facilities, the café also offers a variety of cuisine and beverages at

its café and restaurant. This fosters a sense of community and gives gamers a place to socialize and

take pauses between matches. The event halls at High Grounds Café are also an impressive feature,

accommodating large-scale gaming events and LAN gatherings.

Overall, High Grounds Café's design and amenities demonstrate its commitment to serving

the requirements of the gaming community. It is a top destination for professional gamers and casual

enthusiasts because it emphasizes providing a professional, high-end gaming experience.

Conclusion

High Grounds Café is an excellent example of a well-designed and well-equipped gaming

environment, which is helpful to bear in mind while planning the building of an esports venue. It

offers everything a gamer wants, from high-end PCs to spacious and comfortable surroundings. It

has the added benefit of being part of a larger café and restaurant, making it an even more attractive

setting for visitors who are not interested in gaming. High Grounds Café is a fantastic template for

architects and designers who want to build a functional and aesthetic esports facility.

Foreign Case Studies

III. FNATIC Headquarters

Figure 5. The Exterior of the FNATIC Headquarters

34
 Figure 6. The Interior of the FNATIC Headquarters

Location: London, United Kingdom

Built/Opened: 2015

Building Typology: Esports Facility

CEO: Sam Mathews

Founder: Sam Mathews and Anne Mathews

According to ESports.net (2019), Fnatic was founded in July 2004 by Sam and Anne Mathews,

based in London then. Fnatic's headquarters remain in London. Fnatic is one of the industry's most

esteemed and respected esports organizations.

FNATIC Headquarters

As esports continues to gain popularity and become more mainstream, many organizations invest

in state-of-the-art facilities to ensure their participants have the resources they need to perform at

their highest level. Fnatic is a global esports entertainment brand with offices all over the globe. The

main office of Fnatic is located in London, United Kingdom, and boasts a DJ booth, two kitchens, and

a mini alley/garden for players to unwind and recharge. In this analysis, we will examine the Fnatic

headquarters in greater detail and discuss its unique design elements that cater to the requirements

of esports players.

Spaces:

 Lobby/Guest Area

 Admin Area

35
  Meeting Area

 Viewing Lounge

 DJ Booth

 Cafeteria/Kitchen

 Gaming Room

 Training/Practice Area

 Production Area

 Officers Area

 Streaming Area

Analysis

The Fnatic Headquarters is an innovative, one-of-a-kind location that caters to the

requirements of its players beyond gaming. The presence of a DJ booth and disco ball demonstrates

that the facility is concerned with nurturing a productive environment for players and a fun and

engaging one. In addition, the provision of two kitchens and a garden area demonstrates that Fnatic

recognizes the significance of promoting its participants' physical and mental health. The facility's use

of space is notable, with a layout that accommodates both work and recreation, thereby achieving a

balance between productivity and relaxation. Incorporating design elements that promote

collaboration and socialization improves team cohesion and camaraderie. The Fnatic Headquarters is

an impressive facility that provides its players with a holistic and supportive environment to prosper

in the esports industry.

Conclusion

The Fnatic Headquarters establishes a high standard for esports facilities, demonstrating the

significance of prioritizing the convenience it affords players outside gaming. Its inventive design and

layout enhance team cohesion and performance by encouraging productivity, relaxation, and

collaboration. The facility's success and popularity demonstrate the significance of investing in

esports infrastructure that meets the requirements of players and how a well-designed facility can

serve as an industry advantage. The Fnatic Headquarters encourages other organizations to invest in

36
facilities that cater to the physical, mental, and social requirements of esports athletes and to

recognize the significant impact that a supportive and holistic environment can have on the success

of their teams.

IV. CAVS Legion GC’s Legion Lair Lit

Figure 7. The Interior of the Legion Lair Lit

Location: Cleveland, USA

Built/Opened: 2015

Building Typology: Esports Facility

Owner: Cleveland Cavaliers

Most Impressive Feature: Sensory-Inclusive Equipment

Legion Lair Lit

According to Arena Digest (2020), The Legion Lair Lit by TCP is a state-of-the-art esports and

gaming center near downtown Cleveland in Battery Park. Some guests may be overwhelmed by the

venue's dynamic atmosphere, which features 26 gaming stations and displays, a massive video wall,

and cutting-edge lighting and sound capabilities. To ensure that all guests feel welcome and at ease,

the venue was recently certified as sensory-inclusive, allowing it to accommodate guests with sensory

sensitivities during organized gaming competitions, tournaments, and events. The Legion Lair also

functions as the Cavs Legion's NBA 2K League practice facility. This inclusive approach extends the

relationship between Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse and KultureCity, a program that provides inclusive

sensory solutions for visitors with sensory sensitivities, such as those with autism, dementia, PTSD,

37
and other similar conditions. The Legion Lair Lit by TCP provides visitors with sensory sensitivities

with a comfortable and enjoyable gaming environment.

Spaces:

 Lobby/Guest Area

 Admin Area

 26 Gaming Stations

 Sensory-Inclusive Area

 Training/Practice Area

 Production Area

 Officers Area

 Streaming Area

Analysis

As stated in Arena Digest (2020), The Legion Lair Lit by TCP is a gaming and esports center

with 26 stations in Cleveland's Battery Park neighborhood. Some guests may experience

overstimulation due to the center's state-of-the-art lighting and sound capabilities, enormous video

wall display, and dynamic environment. However, the facility was recently certified by KultureCity, a

non-profit organization promoting sensory-inclusive experiences in public spaces. This certification

ensures that guests with sensory sensitivities can appreciate the center's events in a welcoming and

comfortable setting.

The Legion Lair, Lit by TCP, includes a separate room outfitted with Audimute Sound

Absorption Sheets and Panels, one of its most remarkable features. The purpose of this room is to

provide guests who need a break from the overstimulation of the primary gaming area with a softer,

more comfortable area away from the action. This considerate addition to the center demonstrates a

commitment to creating an environment that welcomes all visitors.

In addition, the center offers sensory bags with noise-canceling headphones, fidget tools,

verbal cue cards, and weighted lap cushions. This is an excellent example of how public space can

accommodate visitors with sensory sensitivity. Notably, team members from the Cavs Legion, an NBA

38
2K League team that practices at the center, received training from KultureCity on interacting with

visitors with sensory sensitivities. This is another example of the center's dedication to fostering an

inclusive environment for all visitors.

The Legion Lair Lit by TCP illustrates how inclusive public spaces can be designed and

managed. The considerate addition of a separate room with sound-absorbing materials and sensory

bags containing useful tools demonstrates a commitment to making the center accessible to all

visitors. The KultureCity certification demonstrates the center's commitment to creating a welcoming

environment for all visitors, including those with sensory sensitivities.

Conclusion

The Legion Lair Lit by TCP exemplifies the significance of accessibility and inclusion in the

esports industry. By becoming certified as sensory-inclusive, the facility can accommodate individuals

with sensory sensitivities, establishing a comfortable and welcoming atmosphere for all guests. The

Cleveland Cavaliers' efforts to ensure that everyone, regardless of aptitude, is included in their

community are commendable and serve as a model for other esports facilities and organizations. The

esports industry is concerned with competition and fostering an environment that promotes diversity,

inclusivity, and accessibility. The Legion Lair Lit by TCP is a step in the right direction for the esports

industry and a model for how future facilities can offer their visitors the best possible experience.

39
 V. Esports Stadium Arlington

Figure 8. The Floor Plan of the Esports Stadium Arlington

Figure 9. The Exterior of the Esports Stadium Arlington

Location: Ballpark Way, Arlington, USA

Built/Opened: 2018

Building Typology: Esports Stadium

Owner: Infinite Esports & Entertainment

Architect: Populous

40
Esports Stadium Arlington

Esports Stadium Arlington has been at the forefront of the esports industry since its opening,

demonstrating the increasing popularity of esports and the potential of esports venues. Now, under

the direction of OpTic Gaming, the venue will continue its success as a prominent location for

competitive gaming events and community engagement. The state-of-the-art venue offers a variety

of amenities and features that cater to the needs of esports players, spectators, and organizers,

making it a flexible and dynamic venue for all esports events.

Spaces:

 Shops

 Gaming Area for the Public

 Private Team Training Areas

 VIP Hospitality Areas

 Team Rooms

 Team Lounge

 Office

 Classroom

 Auxiliary Studio

 Shoutcast Studio

 Permanent Gaming Stage

Analysis

The venue is remarkable in its flexibility, functionality, and adaptability from a design

standpoint. The adaptable layout of 100,000 square feet allows for various events and activities. At

the same time, the fully operational RGB stage, 90-foot LED displays, theatrical quality lighting and

audio, and secure technology systems create a genuinely immersive and competitive atmosphere.

With a data center, world-class production studio, and cutting-edge technology, the venue's

IT infrastructure is supported by equally remarkable back-of-house components.

41
 The Esports Stadium Arlington exemplifies the potential for adaptive reuse of existing

facilities, which is particularly remarkable. The transformation of a significant portion of the

convention center into a state-of-the-art esports venue is a prime example of how existing structures

can be repurposed to accommodate emerging industries.

Populous designed the venue's branding and identity system, which is noteworthy from an

architectural standpoint. The identity system, incorporated throughout the venue, from signage to

apparel, establishes the venue as a leader in the esports industry by creating a unified and distinctive

brand.

Overall, the Esports Stadium Arlington is a ground-breaking and innovative facility that raises

the benchmark for esports venues. Its accomplishment demonstrates the effectiveness of

collaboration, originality, and innovation in architecture and design.

Conclusion

For several reasons, the Esports Stadium Arlington is an essential venue for the esports

industry. First, it provides a venue accommodating large-scale esports productions, events, and

community-building activities. Second, its adaptable layout, fully operational RGB stage, LED displays,

lighting, audio, and secure technology systems create a competitive and immersive environment.

Thirdly, the venue's success illustrates the potential for the adaptive reuse of existing facilities and

the value of collaboration, originality, and innovation in architecture and design. Populous's

establishment of a unified and distinct brand through the identity system positions the venue as an

industry pioneer in esports. The Esports Stadium Arlington elevates the bar for esports venues and is

essential to the growth and development of the industry.

42
 VI. CAVS Legion GC’s Legion Lair Lit

Figure 10. The Exterior of the HyperX Esports Arena

Location: Las Vegas, USA

Built/Opened: 2018

Building Typology: Esports Arena

Owner: HyperX

HyperX Esports Arena

The HyperX Esports Arena is a state-of-the-art laboratory providing a professional environment

for tournaments and events. According to Frady's (2023) article, the arena's extensive camera and

seating arrangements enable it to accommodate large-scale tournaments and broadcasts, making it

comparable to traditional sports stadiums.

The rebranding of Allied Esports to HyperX Esports Arena was a significant milestone in the

development of the facility, as it aligned the arena with one of the most recognizable gaming

hardware brands. HyperX's contribution to the project is not merely cosmetic; they have supplied

most of the equipment and peripherals competitors use in tournaments conducted at the venue.

Spaces:

 Lobby/Guest Area

 Admin Area

 Gaming Stations

 Viewsonic Streamer Room

43
  Training/Practice Area

 Production Area

 Officers Area

 VIP Rooms

 Cocktail Bar and Kitchen

Analysis

The HyperX Esports Arena is a modern, cutting-edge structure serving amateur and

professional gamers. Its location within the Luxor Hotel and Casino is readily accessible, and its

30,000-square-foot size is designed to impress. The lobby, with its dozens of high-end PCs, is the

primary attraction, providing gamers with an internet cafe experience for which they can purchase

hourly or daily passes. The arena is a high-tech facility that can be used as a professional studio for

esports events, with a 50-foot LED screen and a revolving schedule of events on the main stage. The

VIP rooms provide a luxurious place to relax, and the cocktail bar and kitchen are tailored to the

requirements of gamers. The Viewsonic Streamer Room is a noteworthy feature. It offers high-end

PC streaming setups for an hourly fee, making it an ideal location for broadcasters to broadcast their

content. The architectural design is functional and aesthetically appealing, with modern and sleek

lines, bright lights, and an overall futuristic appearance that complements the space's emphasis on

technology. The HyperX Esports Arena is a remarkable and well-designed facility that provides

visitors with a unique gaming experience.

Conclusion

The HyperX Esports Arena has significantly influenced the esports industry. It has provided a

facility for both amateur and professional gamers to compete and demonstrate their abilities. The

arena's location in the Luxor Hotel and Casino has also helped to mainstream esports by making it

accessible to a larger audience. It is a popular destination for gamers and esports enthusiasts due to

its high-tech equipment and revolving schedule of events on the main stage. In addition,

incorporating a Viewsonic Streamer Room has contributed to promoting streaming as an essential

element of esports culture. The HyperX Esports Arena's architectural design is functional and

44
aesthetically pleasing, with sleek, contemporary lines that complement the space's emphasis on

technology. Overall, the HyperX Esports Arena has proven to be a remarkable and well-designed

venue that has contributed to the positive development of the esports industry

VII. Nakagin Capsule Tower

Figure 11. The Exterior of the Nakagin Capsule Tower

Location: Tokyo, Japan

Built/Opened: 1972

Building Typology: Mixed-Use Residential and Office Tower

Architectural Style: Metabolism

Architect: Kisho Kurokawa

Nakagin Capsule Tower

The Nakagin Capsule Tower Building, designed by Kisho Kurokawa and located in Tokyo's Ginza

district, was completed in 1972. Each tower contains 70 capsules. The structure is comprised of two

interconnected concrete structures. Each module is a self-contained living space designed to be

replaced as it ages. This one-of-a-kind structure was designed to serve as a model for a new form of

urban architecture that could adapt to shifting social and economic conditions. The idea behind the

building was that the capsules could be readily replaced, allowing the structure to evolve and expand

over time. Despite its innovative design, the Nakagin Capsule Tower has endured a complex history,

and it now represents the conflicts and contradictions that have characterized Japan's modern

architecture (Lin, 2011).

45
 Unique Feature:

 140 Self-Contained Prefabricated Capsules

Analysis

Although the Nakagin Capsule Tower was initially conceived as a residential structure, its

architectural style and modular system could influence the design of an Esports facility/arena. The

building's dynamic and expressive façade could inspire a similar approach to an Esports facility's

exterior design, using irregular shapes and forms to create a distinct and memorable identity.

Additionally, the modular system could be modified to permit customization and adaptability to

change requirements, such as adding new technology or expanding the facility.

In addition, using prefabrication and standard components could provide a cost-effective and

efficient construction method for an Esports facility/arena, which frequently requires substantial

space and specialized technology. The high-tension fasteners in the Nakagin Capsule Tower could

also facilitate quick and simple installation, thereby reducing construction time and expenses.

The architectural style and modular system of the Nakagin Capsule Tower could provide

valuable inspiration and solutions for the design and construction of an Esports facility/arena.

Adapting and expanding upon these principles could result in a dynamic, flexible, cost-effective

facility offering Esports fans and participants a unique and unforgettable experience.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the architectural style and modular system of the Nakagin Capsule Tower

could significantly impact the design of an Esports facility/arena. The building's dynamic and

expressive facade and the adaptable modular system could provide ideas and solutions for designing

a unique, versatile, cost-effective Esports facility. By incorporating these principles into the design

process, architects and designers could create a memorable and innovative space that caters to the

requirements of Esports fans and participants while also providing a sustainable and future-proof

environment.

46
Chapter I.3

Research Methodology

The proper research methodology for the thesis would be a mixed-methods approach that

combines qualitative and quantitative research techniques. A mixed-methods strategy will allow for a

more comprehensive understanding of the topic and enable the researcher to collect and analyze

data from multiple sources.

The researcher should consider using case studies and benchmarking to examine best

practices and successful esports facility examples from around the globe. This will shed light on

esports facilities' design and operational considerations and contribute to developing a modular and

adaptable approach to facility design.

The researcher should also consider speaking with industry experts, such as esports players,

event organizers, and facility managers, to further understand esports facilities' particular needs and

requirements more in-depth. This will enable the researcher to develop design criteria grounded in

the industry's realities and increase the likelihood that the esports community will embrace and utilize

the resulting facility.

Overall, a mixed-methods approach will enable the researcher to develop a comprehensive

comprehension of the esports industry in the Philippines, its challenges and opportunities, and the

specific design requirements for a successful and adaptable esports facility.

Research Design

The framework for this study on the proposal of a modularly designed esports facility

combines qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Case studies, interviews, and focus

group discussions will be used to collect information about the current condition of the esports

industry in the Philippines and the preferences of esports players and organizers. The researcher will

collect data on the technical requirements of esports facilities and the economic viability of the

proposed modular design strategy through quantitative research methods such as surveys,

questionnaires, and data analysis. Integrating these various study components will ensure coherence

and logical progression, resulting in efficient problem-solving.

47
Research Locale

The thesis's investigation location will be in a City in Metro Manila, Philippines. The lack of

specialized infrastructure and facilities to accommodate the increasing demand for esports events and

tournaments is a significant barrier to developing the esports industry in the Philippines.

Consequently, the emphasis of the research will be to design an innovative and adaptable esports

facility that meets the evolving needs of the Philippine industry while maximizing flexibility and

scalability through modular design strategies. The research will also investigate how modular design

can enhance infrastructure development in the swiftly evolving esports industry, producing adaptable

gaming facilities to meet the rising national demand. In addition, the study will investigate

impediments to the growth of esports in the Philippines, such as the lack of infrastructure for

tournament hosting.

Research Tools

Case studies, checklists, interviews, observations, and surveys or questionnaires are among

the research methods used to collect essential data for proposing an innovative and adaptable

esports facility in a City in Metro Manila. According to the research's objectives, a survey

questionnaire will be developed. The survey questionnaire will include questions regarding the

characteristics of esports facilities that provide players with an optimal gaming experience, the

obstacles confronting esports in the Philippines, and the need for specialized infrastructure and

facilities to support esports events and tournaments. The survey questionnaire will also seek to

comprehend the modular design strategies that can improve infrastructure development in the swiftly

evolving esports industry. The questionnaire will be distributed to esports participants, organizers,

and players in a City in Metro Manila to collect information regarding their experiences, perspectives,

and expectations regarding esports facilities and infrastructure. The survey questionnaire will be

designed to ensure that the data collected is pertinent, accurate, and exhaustive, thereby providing

valuable insights that will inform the design of the esports facility.

48
Population and Sampling

The sample size for the research "Modular Architecture for a New Era of Gaming: An ESports

Facility that Adapts to the Changing Landscape of Gaming" in a City in Metro Manila will be 50

individuals. Individuals involved in the esports industry will comprise the population, including

professional gamers, event organizers, esports facility proprietors, and other relevant stakeholders in

a City in Metro Manila.

A random sampling technique will be utilized to identify the sample population. This research

aims to collect a representative sample of the esports industry in a City in Metro Manila. A sample

population calculator will ensure that the sample size meets the study's objectives.

To enhance accessibility and reach, a survey questionnaire will be administered online to

collect demographic and other pertinent information from participants. The questionnaire will be

designed to collect information regarding the participants' experiences, opinions, and suggestions

regarding the design, infrastructure, and apparatus of esports facilities.

The sample population's data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to

provide meaningful insights into the esports industry in a City in Metro Manila. The study's findings

will inform the design of the esports facility and identify the infrastructure and equipment

requirements essential to optimize the performance and experience of esports in a City in Metro

Manila.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researcher will collect data using a mixed-method approach, employing qualitative and

quantitative research techniques. The investigation will consist of multiple steps, including desk

research, surveys, interviews, and observation.

The researcher will conduct desk research to comprehend the current status of the global

and national esports industry and identify the trends and best practices in designing and constructing

esports facilities. The researcher will also analyze data regarding the esports industry in the

Philippines, including the number of participants, teams, and tournaments.

49
 The researcher will conduct an online survey to collect information about the preferences

of esports participants, gamers/enthusiasts, and spectators, including the types of games they prefer

and the specific features they anticipate from an esports facility. The survey will also investigate the

challenges and opportunities in the Philippine esports industry, including infrastructure, government

policies, and private sector support.

The researcher will conduct semi-structured interviews with esports participants,

gamers/enthusiasts, event organizers, architects, and government officials involved in developing

esports infrastructure. The interviews will shed light on the current state of esports facilities in the

Philippines, the difficulties and opportunities in designing and constructing these facilities, and the

potential impact of modular design on the development of the industry.

Observation. The researcher will observe the design, infrastructure, and operations of

extant esports facilities in the Philippines. The observation will provide firsthand knowledge of the

practical considerations of designing and constructing esports facilities, including the challenges and

opportunities associated with implementing modular design strategies.

Analysis of Data. The researcher will conduct qualitative and quantitative analyses of the

collected data. The qualitative data from the interviews and observations will be analyzed using

content analysis, while the quantitative data from the surveys will be analyzed statistically. The

researcher will identify themes and patterns that emerge from the data, and these findings will

inform the creation of a modular design framework for esports facilities in the Philippines.

Validity and Reliability. The researcher will ensure the validity and reliability of the study

by triangulating and collecting data from multiple sources. To increase the study's validity and

dependability, the researcher will employ suitable data analysis techniques and report its limitations.

Statistical Treatment

The statistical analysis for the study titled "Modular Architecture for a New Era of Gaming: An

ESports Facility that Adapts to the Changing Landscape of Gaming" in a City in Metro Manila could

include both descriptive and inferential statistics. It is possible to synthesize data regarding the

characteristics of esports facilities, using descriptive statistics. This information can be presented as

50
summary statistics and graphs, clearly comprehending the critical elements of esports facilities that

enhance the player experience. In addition, inferential statistics can be used to test hypotheses

concerning the influence of modular design on the adaptability and scalability of esports facilities.

Statistical software can be used to conduct hypothesis tests, and the results can be presented in

tables and graphs. The statistical analysis can shed light on the optimal design of esports facilities

and their potential effect on developing the esports industry.

51
Chapter I.4

Results and Discussion

Presentation of Collected Data

Involvement in eSports

Spectator/ Professional
Fan of eSports
eSports; Player; 2;
Professional eSports Player 2; 13% 13%
Amateur esports player
Amateur es-
eSports coach or analyst ports player;
eSports event organizer or 2; 13%
production staff
Casual Gamer
Spectator/Fan of eSports
Casual
Gamer; 9;
60%

Figure 12. Involvement in eSports

The above graphic displays respondents' responses regarding their involvement in the eSports

industry. Two (2) respondents are eSports professionals. Two (2) respondents are eSports

enthusiasts. Two (2) respondents are eSports Spectators/Fans, while the remaining nine (9) are

casual enthusiasts, for a total of fifteen (15) respondents. Since it is still a draft, only fifteen (15)

responses exist.

52
 Current gaming infrastructure and facilities for esports in Metro
Manila
Very Good, 2,
Poor, 1, 7%
13%

Poor
Fair
Good
Fair, 4, 27% Very Good
Excellent

Good, 8, 53%

Figure 13. Rate of the Current Gaming Infrastructure and Facilities for eSports in Metro Manila

The chart above shows the respondents' rating on the current gaming infrastructure and facilities

for eSports in Metro Manila. Two (2) respondents rated it as Very Good. Four (4) respondents rated it

as Fair. The majority, which consists of eight (8) respondents, rated it as Good. At the same time, the

remaining one (1) rated the Facilities as Poor. The total respondents consist of fifteen (15)

participants. It is still a draft, so there are only fifteen (15) respondents.

53
 Gaming infrastructure and facilities that Pro/Amateur eSports
Players Used/Visited

Poor
Fair
Good
Excellent, 1, 25%
Very Good
Fair, 2, 50%
Excellent
Good, 1, 25%

Figure 13. Rate of the Gaming Facilities that the Pro/Amateur eSports Player Used

during the Competition

The chart above shows the Pro/Amateur eSports Players' rating on the current gaming

infrastructure and facilities that they used/visited for the competition. Two (2) respondents rated it as

Fair. One (1) respondent rated it as Good. At the same time, the remaining one (1) rated the

Facilities as Excellent. The Pro/Amateur eSports respondents consist of four (4) participants. It is still

a draft, so there are only four (4) pro/amateur esports players.

54
 Table No. 1

Response about eSports Facility

Response

Strongly Strongly
eSports Agree Uncertain Disagree
Agree Disagree

f % f % f % f % f %

A. Facilities for eSports

1) There are enough eSports

0 0 1 6.7 7 46.7 6 40 1 6.7
Facilities in Pasay City.

2) eSport Competitions have been

0 0 1 6.7 5 33.3 6 40 3 20
held in an actual eSports Facility

B. eSports Facility
Design/Space

1) It is important to have an
esports facility that is designed to
10 66.7 4 26.7 1 6.7 0 0 0 0
meet the needs and desires of
Filipino esports enthusiasts.

2) It is important to an specialized
infrastructure and facilities to
9 60 4 26.7 2 13.3 0 0 0 0
support growing esports
competitions.

3) As a participant, fan, or
employee, that facility that you
utilized or visited has a sufficient 2 13.3 0 0 7 46.7 4 46.7 2 13.3
space for international/national
competitions.

The table above shows the respondents’ responses to each quantitative question.

A. Facilities for eSports

1. One (1) respondent Agrees that there are enough eSports facilities in Pasay City . In

contrast, seven (7) respondents are Uncertain, six (6) of the respondents Disagree, and

one (1) of the respondent Strongly Disagree.

55
2. One (1) respondent Agrees that eSports Competitions have been held in an actual

eSports Facility. In contrast, five (5) respondents are Uncertain, six (6) of the

respondents Disagree, and three (3) of the respondent Strongly Disagree.

B. eSports Facility Design/Space

1. Ten (10) respondents Strongly Agree that Having an esports facility designed to meet

the needs and desires of Filipino esports enthusiasts is essential . Furthermore, (4)

respondents Agree. In contrast, one (1) of the respondent is Uncertain.

2. Nine (9) respondents Strongly Agree that Having a specialized infrastructure and facilities

to support growing esports competitions is essential . Furthermore, (4) respondents

Agree. In contrast, two (2) of the respondent is Uncertain.

3. Two (2) respondents Strongly Agree that the facility they visited/used has sufficient

space for international/national competitions. In contrast, seven (7) of the respondent

are Uncertain, four (4) of the respondents Disagree, and lastly, two (2) respondents

Strongly Disagree.

3.

56
 Table No. 2
Lacking Amenities/Spaces in Existing eSports Facilities

Amenities/Spaces Response %

Insufficient number of gaming 80

12
stations
Lack of amenities such as food 60
9
and beverage options
Inadequate Space for large scale 73.3
11
competition
No sleeping quarters 6 40
Well-ventilated space 7 46.7
Social Spaces for Players and 60
9
Enthusiasts
Dedicated Arena 11 73.3
Events Area (Multipurpose) 7 46.7

The table above shows the respondents’ answers on what is lacking in Existing eSports

Facilities. Twelve (12) respondents chose the Insufficient number of gaming stations. Nine (9)

respondents chose the Lack of Amenities. Eleven (11) respondents chose the Inadequate Space of

Large Scale Competition. Six (6) respondents also chose the No Sleeping Quarters option. Seven (7)

respondents chose the Well-Ventilated Space. Nine (9) Respondents chose the Social Space for

Players and Enthusiasts. Eleven (11) respondents chose the lack of a dedicated arena. Seven (7)

respondents chose the lack of an Events Area. Two (2) respondents also added their own opinion.

One of the respondents stated that “Currently there are no dedicated structures or facilities

designed to cater to the ever growing esports industry in the Philippines. With professional esports

players from across the world now being recognized as professional athletes, the Filipino gaming

community must have proper and sufficient infrastructure to help progress the industry in the

country. Most esports competition held in the country as done in multipurpose events place that does

not provide ample facilities for players and spectators.”

Furthermore, another respondent added their thoughts, “Lack of support for the e-Sports

scene.”

57
 Table No. 3
Existing Amenities/Spaces in the current eSports Facilities that the respondent visited or
used
Amenities/Spaces Response %
Lobby/Guest Area 10 66.7
Viewing Lounge (Lounge for watc 8 53.3
Cafeteria 7 46.7
Gaming Room 12 80
Sleeping Quarters 5 33.3
Training/Practice Area 8 53.3
Production Area 8 53.3
Streaming Area 6 40
Dedicated Arena 2 13.3
Events Area (Multipurpose) 2 13.3

The table above shows the respondents’ answers on the Existing Amenities/Spaces in an

eSports facility they visited/used. Ten (10) respondents chose the Lobby/Guest Area. Eight (8)

respondents chose the Viewing Lounge. Seven (7) respondents chose Cafeteria. Twelve (12)

respondents chose the Gaming Room. Five (5) respondents chose the Sleeping Quarters. Eight (8)

Respondents chose the Training/Practice Area. Eight (8) respondents chose the Production Area. Six

(6) respondents chose the Streaming Area. Two (2) respondents chose Dedicated Arena. Lastly, two

(2) respondents chose that the Events Area existed in an eSports Facility that they used/visited.

Table No. 4

Problems that an eSports Pro/Amateur Player encountered in an eSports Facility

Problems Response %
Inadequate Space 3 75
Limited Customization 4 100
Poor Acoustics 0 0
Poor Ventilation and Lighting 0 0

The table above shows the Pro/Amateur eSports Players' responses to the problems they

encountered in an eSports facility they used/visited. Three (3) Pro/Amateur eSports Players chose the

Inadequate Space. Four (4) Pro/Amateur eSports Players chose the Limited Customization . It is still a

draft, so there are only four (4) pro/amateur esports players.

58
 Table No. 5
Problems that an eSports Enthusiast encountered in an eSports Facility while visiting
Problems Response %
Inadequate Infrastructure 9 81.8
Inefficient Space Usage 8 72.7
Accessibility (Difficult to access
6 54.5
due to distance and place)

The table above shows the eSports Enthusiasts' responses to the problems they encountered

in an eSports facility they visited . Nine (9) eSports Enthusiasts chose Inadequate Infrastructure. Eight

(8) eSports Enthusiasts chose Inefficient Space Usage. Six (6) eSports Enthusiasts chose

Accessibility.

Summary of Findings and Analysis

The study sought to gather information regarding the involvement of respondents in the

eSports industry and their evaluation of the current gaming infrastructure and facilities for eSports in

Metro Manila. The study also intended to identify the problems encountered by the respondents in

eSports facilities they visited/used.

Based on the findings, most respondents rated the current gaming infrastructure and

facilities for eSports in Metro Manila as Good. However, some respondents rated it Fair, Very Good,

and Poor. Pro/Amateur eSports players rated the facilities positively, with one rating as Excellent.

In terms of the facilities for eSports, most of the respondents were uncertain or disagreed

with the adequacy of eSports facilities in Pasay City and the conducting of eSports competitions in an

existing eSports facility.

Regarding eSports facility design and space, the respondents highly emphasized the

importance of having a facility designed to satisfy the needs and desires of Filipino eSports

enthusiasts and having specialized infrastructure and facilities to support growing eSports

competitions. However, most respondents were dubious about the sufficiency of space for

international/national competitions.

59
 Most respondents selected insufficient gaming stations, inadequate space for large-scale

competitions, and lack of amenities as the most significant problems encountered in existing eSports

facilities. Respondents also suggested the need for lodging quarters, well-ventilated space, social

space, a dedicated arena, and an events area. The dearth of dedicated structures or facilities

designed to cater to the ever-growing eSports industry in the Philippines was also mentioned as a

concern.

Pro/Amateur eSports players identified inadequate space and limited customization as their

main problems. In contrast, eSports devotees identified inadequate infrastructure, inefficient space

usage, and accessibility as their main concerns.

In conclusion, the study's findings suggest a need to enhance eSports's current gaming

infrastructure and facilities in Metro Manila, particularly regarding the number of gaming stations,

space for large-scale competitions, and amenities. The findings also highlight the significance of

designing specialized infrastructure and facilities to support the growing eSports industry in the

Philippines.

60
Chapter 1.5 Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

1. Based on the data gathered, the current gaming practices and infrastructure available for

esports competitions in the Philippines fall short of meeting the needs of gamers, particularly

in terms of the insufficient number of gaming stations, lack of amenities, inadequate space

for large-scale competition, and the absence of a dedicated arena and events area. While

some respondents rated the current facilities as adequate or satisfactory, the majority were

unsure or dissatisfied with their adequacy.

2. Filipino esports enthusiasts have specific needs and requirements for an ideal esports facility,

which include having a specialized infrastructure and facilities to support growing esports

competitions, sufficient space for international/national competitions, and a well-ventilated

and social space for players and enthusiasts. These needs must be incorporated into the

facility's design to satisfy the desires of Filipino esports enthusiasts.

3. The design of an adaptive esports facility can be optimized to cater to changing gaming

trends and technological advancements in the future by having an esports facility designed to

meet the needs and desires of Filipino esports enthusiasts, providing a specialized

infrastructure and facilities to support growing esports competitions and ensuring sufficient

space for international/national competitions. Moreover, having a well-ventilated and social

space for players and enthusiasts, and addressing the problems encountered by Pro/Amateur

eSports Players and eSports Enthusiasts, such as inadequate space, limited customization,

inadequate infrastructure, inefficient space usage, and accessibility, can help ensure the

success of an adaptive esports facility in the long run.

61
Recommendation

Several essential points may be addressed in future research endeavors related to the design

and infrastructure of esports facilities in the Philippines:

1. Investigate the impact of the paucity of dedicated esports facilities on the growth and

development of the esports industry in the Philippines, including its effects on professional

esports players and local gaming communities.

2. Examine the potential solutions to the problems identified by respondents, such as the

insufficient number of gaming stations, lack of amenities, inadequate space for large-scale

competitions, and inadequate support for the esports scene.

3. Explore the feasibility and efficacy of incorporating specific amenities and spaces that meet

the needs and desires of Filipino esports enthusiasts, such as well-ventilated spaces, social

spaces for players and enthusiasts, and dedicated arenas.

4. Evaluate the design and space requirements for an adaptive esports facility that can

accommodate changing gaming trends and technological advancements in the future.

5. Investigate the experiences and feedback of professional and amateur esports players,

enthusiasts, and spectators regarding the use of existing esports facilities in the Philippines,

including the problems they encountered, the amenities and spaces they found useful, and

the areas that need improvement.

By addressing these crucial points, future research can provide valuable insights into the design

and infrastructure of esports facilities in the Philippines and help support the growth and

development of the esports industry in the country.

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 PART II

RESEARCH FOCUS AND INNOVATION

Chapter II.1

Rationale

The rationale for the proposed research titled "Modular Architecture for a New Era of

Gaming: An ESports Facility that Adapts to the Changing Landscape of Gaming" is that the gaming

industry is transforming substantially, with esports being a rapidly growing sector. However, the

Philippines lacks specialized infrastructure and facilities to host competitions, creating a need for an

innovative and adaptable esports facility that can satisfy the industry's ever-changing requirements.

This thesis investigates the benefits and limitations of modular design strategies for enhancing

infrastructure and innovation in the esports gaming industry and producing adaptable gaming

facilities to meet the rising demand for esports competitions and events. This study aims to

investigate the obstacles confronting esports in the Philippines, such as the lack of infrastructure for

hosting tournaments, and to determine the optimal space and layout for an esports facility. In

addition, the research will investigate how modular design can improve infrastructure development in

this swiftly transforming industry.

Adaptable gaming facilities that are readily modifiable to meet the ever-changing needs of

the esports industry can be created using a modular architecture. It provides numerous benefits,

including adaptability to altering needs, expansion simplicity, and cost savings. However, it has many

disadvantages, including the need for standardization and potential integration challenges. The

research will therefore investigate the advantages and disadvantages of modular design strategies for

esports facilities.

The proposed research is significant because it addresses the need for specialized

infrastructure and facilities in the Philippines to support esports events and tournaments while

simultaneously developing a modular architecture approach that can adapt to changes in the gaming

ecosystem. The objective is to create an esports facility as a model for regional esports communities.

The research correlates with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals of Industry,

63
Innovation, and Infrastructure; Sustainable Cities and Communities; and Partnerships for the Goals

by contributing to the growth of the esports industry in the Philippines.

The proposed research is essential for addressing the voids in the literature regarding

modular design strategies for esports facilities and the need for specialized infrastructure and

facilities in the Philippines to support esports events and tournaments. The research findings will

contribute to developing adaptable gaming facilities that meet the industry's ever-changing needs.

Chapter II.2

Principles and Relevance to the Project

The principles of the proposed research include maximizing flexibility and scalability through

modular design strategies to produce an adaptable gaming facility that can accommodate fluctuating

industry demands. The facility should be designed to satisfy Filipino esports enthusiasts' specific

needs and requirements, with cutting-edge technology and user-friendliness in mind. Through

modular architecture, not only is it adaptable to the ever-changing landscape of the esports industry,

but specific spaces can continue to function while expanding.

The relevance of this project rests in the fact that the esports industry is expanding rapidly,

and there is a severe lack of specialized infrastructure and facilities in the Philippines to host

competitions. This thesis seeks to design an innovative and adaptable esports facility that can satisfy

the evolving needs of the industry and contribute to its growth in the city. With a design that

optimizes efficacy and improves the user experience, the facility should serve as a model for local

esports communities. In addition, the project's research findings will contribute to creating gambling

facilities that can adapt to the industry's ever-changing requirements.

Chapter II.3

Application to the Project

To address the lack of infrastructure and facilities in the Philippines, modular architecture can

be applied to the design of an eSports facility. The use of modular construction allows for the

creation of a space that is adaptable to the ever-changing requirements of the eSports industry. This

64
strategy can assist in resolving the issue of inadequate space for large-scale competitions by

permitting the facility to be expanded or contracted as necessary.

Additionally, modular architecture can resolve the lack of amenities by facilitating the simple

incorporation of amenities into the facility's design. For instance, modular construction can include

lodging quarters, well-ventilated spaces, and social spaces for players and fans, in addition to a

dedicated arena and events area.

Modular construction can also address the lack of customization by allowing the facility to be

designed to meet the particular requirements of Filipino esports fans. This may involve the

incorporation of amenities and features that are tailored to meet the specific needs of the Filipino

esports community.

Overall, the use of modular architecture can provide a remedy to the identified problems in

the Philippines' existing eSports facilities. Modular architecture can provide a facility that suits the

needs and desires of Filipino esports enthusiasts by generating a flexible and scalable space that can

quickly adapt to changing needs and requirements.

65
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