SEPARATION OF POWERS

Belgica vs Ochoa G.R. No. 208566, November 19, 2013

ARTICLE VI: THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Section 1. Legislative Power; Non-Delegation

 Who may exercise legislative power?

1. Congress
2. Regional/Local legislative power
3. People’s initiative on statutes
a) Initiative and referendum
4. The President under a martial law rule or in a revolutionary government

 General Rule: Non-Delegation of Legislative Power

 Exceptions:
Delegation to local governments and administrative bodies
Grant of Quasi-Legislative Power; In general: LGU and Administrative Bodies
In instances allowed by the Constitution, e,g., Article VI, Section 23(2) and 28(2)

Section 2. Senate Composition

Section 3. Qualifications of Senator

Poe-Llamanzares vs. COMELEC, March 8, 2016

Section 4. Senator: Term of Office; Voluntary Renunciation

Section 5. Composition of the House of Representatives; Apportionment; Party List

Bagabuyo vs. COMELEC, GR No. 176970, December 8, 2008
Aquino III vs. COMELEC, GR No. 189793, April 17, 2010

 Par. 2; Party-List Representation

Ang Bagong Bayani vs. COMELEC GR 147589
Veterans Federation Party vs. COMELEC GR 136781
BANAT vs. COMELEC 586 SCRA 210
Ang Ladlad vs. COMELEC GR 190582
Atong Paglaum et. al., GR 203766, April 12, 2013
ANGKLA vs COMELEC G.R. No. 246816, September 15, 2020
  Pars. 1,3, and 4; Rules on Apportionment
 Reapportionment through Special Law
Tobias vs. Abalos 239 SCRA 106

 Rules on Apportionment

Section 6. Qualifications of Representatives

 Citizenship
 Domicile and Residence
 Additional Qualifications

Aquino vs. COMELEC, 248 SCRA 400

Romualdez--Marcos vs. COMELEC [ G.R. No. 119976, September 18, 1995]
Frivaldo vs. COMELEC [ G.R. No. 120295, June 28, 1996)
Social Justice Society vs. Dangerous Drugs Board, GR No. 157870, November 3, 2008

Section 7. Term of Representatives

Dimaporo vs. Mitra, 202 SCRA 779

Section 8. Regular Elections

Section 9. Special Elections

Section 10. Salaries

Section 11. Privilege from Arrest; Parliamentary Freedom of Speech

 Privilege from Arrest

People vs. Jalosjos, 324 SCRA 689
Trillanes vs. Pimentel, 556 SCRA 471

Parliamentary Freedom of Speech

Osmena vs. Pendatun [ G.R. No. L-17144, October 28, 1960]

Section 12. Disclosure of Financial and Business Interests

Section 13. Prohibitions on Members of Congress

 Liban vs. Gordon, GR No. 175352, July 15, 2009

Section 14. Prohibitions Related to the Practice of Profession

Section 15. Regular Session; Special Session

 Regular and Special Sessions

 Joint Sessions
Padilla, et al. v. Congress, et al., G.R. Nos. 231671 and 231694, July 25, 2017

 Voting Separately
Article 6, Section 23, 1987 Constitution
Article 7, Section 4, 1987 Constitution
Article 7, Section 9, 1987 Constitution
Article 7, Section 11, 1987 Constitution
Article 17, Section 1, 1987 Constitution
 Voting Jointly
Article 7, Section 18, 1987 Constitution
 Adjournment
Article 6, Section 16 (5), 1987 Constitution

Section 16. Officers of Congress; Quorom; Discipline; Journal/Records

 Officers of Congress
Defensor-Santiago vs. Guingona GR 134577 November 18, 1998
Avelino vs. Cuenco, G.R. No. L-2821, March 4, 1949
People vs. Jalosjos - 324 SCRA 689

 Internal Rules and Discipline

Arroyo vs. De Venecia - 277 SCRA 268 [1997]
Osmeña vs. Pendatun- 109 Phil. 863 [1960]

 Duty to Keep Journals and Records

 Probative Value of Journal
US vs. Pons – 34 Phil. 729 [1916]
Phil. Judges Assn. vs. Prado 227 SCRA 703

 Journal Entry Rule v. Enrolled Bill Theory

CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANS WITHIN CONGRESS

Section 17. Electoral Tribunal

 Jurisdiction of Electoral Tribunal

Tagolino vs. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal, [693 SCRA 574] [2013]
 Nature and Power
 Pre-proclamation controversies vs. Election Contests; Scope of inquiry ; When
Proper Election Contest
 Pre-proclamation controversy

 Composition
Abbas vs. SET – 166 SCRA 651 [1988]
Pimentel vs. HRET – GR 141489, November 29, 2002

 Independence
Bondoc vs. Pineda – 201 SCRA 792 [1991]

 Action/Decision

Section 18. Commission on Appointments

Daza vs. Singson, 180 SCRA 496 (1989)
Coseteng vs. Mitra, 187 SCRA 377 (1990)

Section 19. Constitutions of the Electoral Tribunal and the Commission on Appointments

Section 20. Records and Books of Accounts

Section 21. Inquiries in Aid of Legislation

 Power of Inquiry
 Question Hour
Senate vs. Ermita- 488 SCRA 1 [2006]

 Nature and Essence

 Requisites
Bengzon vs. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee- 203 SCRA 767

1. In aid of legislation

2. In Accordance with Duly Published Rules of Procedure

 3. Respect for the Rights of Persons Appearing In or Affected by Such Inquires
Neri vs. Senate- 564 SCRA 152 [2008]

 Power to Punish a Person Under Investigation

Arnault vs. Nazareno- 87 PHIL. 25 [1950]

Sec. 22 Appearance of Heads of Departments in Congress

Senate vs. Ermita- 488 SCRA 1 [2006]

Sec. 23. Declaration of a State of War; Emergency Powers

Sec. 24. Bills Originating in the House of Representatives

Tolentino vs. Secretary of Finance- 235 SCRA 630 [1994]

Sec. 25. Rules on Appropriation

 Appropriation Law, Defined; Classifications

 Limits on Power to Appropriate
Brillantes vs. Comelec, GR 163193, June 15, 2004

 Prohibition of Increase

 Prohibition on “riders” in appropriation bills

Garcia vs. Mata- 65 SCRA [1975]

 Transfer of Funds; Discretionary funds; Impoundment

 The Pork Barrel System
Philconsa vs. Enriquez G.R. No . 11 31 05, August 19, 1994
Belgica v. Ochoa, G.R. No. 208560, November 11, 2013
Araullo v. Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287, 3 February 2015

 Prohibition against appropriations for sectarian benefit

Aglipay v. Ruiz, G.R. No. 45459, 13 March 1937

Sec. 26. Subject and Title of Bills; Three Readings

 General Prohibition of “Riders”

Sec. 27. Procedure in Passage of Bills; Kinds of Veto

 Presidential Veto

Bengzon vs. Drilon- 208 SCRA 133 [1992]

Philconsa vs. Enriquez- 235 SCRA 506 [1994]

 Doctrine of Inappropriate Provisions

Gonzales vs. Macaraig- 191 SCRA 452 [1990]

Sec. 28. Taxation

 Scope and Purpose

 Limitations on the Power: Uniform and Equitable

Tolentino vs. Sec. of Finance- 235 SCRA 506

 Progressive System
 Delegated Tax Legislation

 Exemptions
Lung Center vs. QC, GR 144104, June 29, 2004

Sec. 29. Fiscal Powers of Congress; Limitations; Special Funds

 Fiscal Powers of Congress

 Special Funds
Osmena vs. Orbos- 220 SCRA 703 [1993]

Sec. 30. Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

Sec. 31. Titles of Royalty and Nobility

Sec. 32. Initiative and Referendum

Defensor- Santiago vs. COMELEC
Lambino vs. COMELEC, GR 174153