HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT

SYSTEMS
DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE
SOCIAL SCIENCES 11

Quarter 2, Week 12

MARICAR V. DELMAS
Developer

Department of Education • Schools Division of Benguet

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Cordillera Administrative Region
Schools Division of Benguet

Published by:

Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the

Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K to 12 Curriculum

through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)—Learning Resource Management
and Development System (LRMDS). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and
the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited
version, an enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original
work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from this
material for commercial purposes and profit.

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 PREFACE

This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division particularly the

Learning Resource Management Section, Department of Education, Schools Division of
Benguet which is in response to the implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum.
This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education-CID, Schools
Division of Benguet. It aims to improve students’ performance specially in understanding
the theories of social sciences under the subject Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences.
This module is designed to fit both home study and home education. It is design to fit
independent learning but it may still require little supervision. It is designed to meet both
the requirement of MELC and the curriculum guide release in 2016.

Date of Development : August 2020

Resource Location : La Trinidad District, Benguet Division
Learning Area : Disciplines And Ideas In The Social Sciences
Grade Level : 11
Learning Resource Type : Module
Language : English
Quarter/Week : Q2/W12
Competencies and Codes : *Apply the social science ideas and its
importance in the examining socio-cultural,
economic, and political conditions
* Analyze the basic concepts and principles of
the major science ideas: Human-Environment
System

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The developer wishes to express her gratitude to those who helped in the
development of this learning material. The fulfilment of this learning material would not be
possible without these people who gave their support, helping hand and cooperation:

Mr. Nestor O. Dalay-on, School Principal, Mr. Madison B. Kiong, Assistant

Principal, Sir Ros Jansel O. Gualdo and Ma’am Vicenta C. Danigos for sharing their time
in critiquing this module and for their continuous guidance and support.

The Almighty GOD, for all the love, mercy, and blessings.

DIVISION LRMDS STAFF

MELVIN L. ALFREDO ANTIONETTE D. SACYANG

Librarian II Project Development Officer II

SONIA D. DUPAGAN, EdD,

Education Program Supervisor– Learning Resource

CONSULTANTS:

ROSE N. ANAPEN
Coordinator Araling Panlipunan
EPS II-ALS

RIZALYN A. GUZNIAN, EdD.

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

NESTOR L. BOLAYO
OIC, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

BENILDA M. DAYTACA, EdD, CESO VI

OIC, Schools Division Superintendent

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Copyright Notice…………………………………………………..……...…..…. ii
Preface …………………………………………………………………...…….… iii
Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………. …….….. iv
Table of Contents ……………………………………………………….……… v
Title Page ………………………………………………………………………… 1
What I Need to Know …………………………………………………………… 3
What I Know …………………………………………………………………….. 5
What’s In ………………………………………………………………….……… 5
What’s New ……………………………………………………………………… 5
What is It …………………………………………………………………………. 6
What’s More……………………………………………………………………… 9
Activity 1 …………………………………………………………………… 10
Assessment 1……………………………………...…………………….. 10
Activity 2 …………………………………………………………………. 10
Assessment 2 ………………………………………………...…………. 11
Activity 3…………………………………………………………………... 11
Assessment3……………………………………………...……………… 11
What I Have Learned …………………………………………………………… 11
What I Can Do ……………………………………………………………….….. 11
Post-Assessment…………………...…………………………………………… 12
Additional Activities…………………………………………….……………… 12
Answer Key………………………………………………………………………. 13
Reference Sheet………………………………………………...…….…….… 14

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HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS
DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL
SCIENCES 11

Quarter 2, Week 12

MARICAR V. DELMAS
Developer

Department of Education • Schools Division of Benguet

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 What I Need to Know?
Through this module, the students will acquire understanding on the complex and
coupled linkages between human systems and ecosystems. The students will be
introduced to the key concepts that are necessary in understanding many of the
environmental problems we are facing today and consider potential solutions.
Studying human- environment systems will help people realize how they can help
in transforming the environment and utilize sustainability.

Instructions to the facilitator

As a facilitator or a support knowledge source of a learner, you are encouraged and
expected to do the following:
Establish rapport relationship with learner to gain trust and confidence,
Guide the learner understand the concepts, skills, processes given,
Assist or coach the learner accomplish the required activities,
Help the learner develop his academic potentials to be able to cope and
Acquire the essential competencies that manifest skills prescribed in the K to 12
curriculum and the 21st Century skills and to maintain and record progress of the learner.

Instructions to the learner

As a learner, you are expected to do the following roles:
Abide, respect and maintain good relationship with your learning facilitator at all times,
Be in constant contact with your facilitator or teacher for assistance in any concept
unclear to you,
Be honest in answering the activities, and following the prescribed home learning
schedules and learning plans,
Do your full potentials or best abilities in accomplishing the required activities,
Read each direction/instruction carefully,
Answer the preassessment first before doing the other activities, What I need to Know
Use other sheets of papers in writing your answers in all the required activities that you
will do,
Take care of the module. Do not tear or put unnecessary mark to any part of the module,
Return your module to your teacher.
At the end of this module you should be able to gain knowledge on the following
learning objectives:
⮚ Explain what is human-environment system
⮚ Distinguish the ways by which human-environment interactions shape cultural
and natural landscapes;
⮚ Explain environmental and social issues through the analysis of spatial
distributions and spatial processes.
⮚ Interpret personal and social experiences using human-environment systems
approach.

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 What I Know

PRE-ASSESSMENT

I. Direction: TRUE OR FALSE: Read each statement below carefully. Write T on the
space provided if you think the statement is TRUE. Write F on the space if you think the
statement is FALSE.
_______1. Climate change is predicted to greatly affect the natural resources (such as
water) that people depend on.
_______2. Individual actions, such as replacing all of your old light bulbs with Compact
Fluorescent light bulbs, will help reduce the amount of greenhouse gas in the
atmosphere.
_______3. The impact of human activity on the environment is always damaging.
_______4. As a population increases, more waste is produced as a result of increased
activity.
_______5. Natural disasters are unrelated to human activities.

II. Direction: IDENTIFICATION: Choose your answer from the box below and write your
answer on the space provided.
Human Systems Pollutants
Global Warming Primary Landscape
Overpopulation Systems
Environment systems Humans
Mental Map Environment

_________________1. These are various institutions and activities such as government

policies, industrial waste management and urbanization.
_________________2. They have the capacity to change or influence the balance of
the society.
_________________3. It is a complex of many variables which surrounds man as well
as all the living organisms.
_________________4. It may be described as a complex of interacting components
together with the relationships among them that permit the identification of a
boundary-maintaining entity or process.
_________________5. It occurs when the ecological footprint of a human population in
a specific geographical location exceeds the carrying capacity of the place.
_________________6. It is the long-term heating of Earth’s climate system observed
since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities,
primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels
in Earth’s atmosphere.
_________________7. These can be natural, such as volcanic ash but can also be
created by human activity, such as trash or runoff produced by factories.
_________________8. It includes the biodiversity of Earth, global weather systems,
landscapes and animal and plants.
_________________9. It refers to the mental representation of the things and people of
given location.
_________________10. The themes, attachments, memories, and emotions we hold
for places create a sense of place for us in the world.

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 What’s In

In the previous lessons, you have learned about the basic concepts and principles
of the major social sciences ideas such as Marxism, Structural Functionalism, Symbolic
Interactionism, Psychoanalysis, Rational Choice, Institutionalism, Feminist Theory and
Hermeneutical Phenomenology. To test the knowledge you gained from these lessons, I
want you to do the activity below.
Direction: Write a short definition of the following concepts.

Social Sciences Concepts Definition

1.Marxism
2.Structural Functionalism
3.Symbolic Interactionism
4.Psychoanalysis
5. Rational Choice
6.Institutionalism
7. Feminist Theory
8. Hermeneutical Phenomenology

What’s New?

Activity 1: PICTURE ANALYSIS. Observe the pictures below and answer the
questions that follow.

Photo from MENRO La Trinidad, Benguet Photo from MENRO La Trinidad, Benguet
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=122893 https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbi
8900906442&set=pb.100013710316644.- d=995961110870890&id=100013710316644
2207520000..&type=3

https://www.philstar.com/world/2017/10/20/1750759 https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2019/06/02/the-
/study-finds-pollution-deadlier-war-disaster-hunger worst-flood/
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Assessment 1:
1. Describe the pictures in 2 sentences.

2. What are the similarities of these pictures?

3. In what ways are the people affected with these human- environment changes?

What is it

What is Human-Environment Systems?

Human- environment systems are the interdisciplinary approaches which study the complex
interactions among human and environment systems.

Human systems are the various institutions and activities human created in society. These
systems include government policies, industrial waste management, agriculture,
urbanization, culture and tradition.

Environment systems are the biological, ecological, and living and nonliving natural systems in
the planet. These include the biodiversity of Earth, global weather systems, landscapes,
and animal and plant life, among others.

Humans have the capacity to interact with its environment. They have the capacity to change or
influence the balance of the society. Humans and the environment have that “mutual”
interaction with each other.

Environment is a complex of many variables which surrounds man as well as the living
organisms. It includes the living and nonliving things that an organism interacts with, or
has an effect on. Living elements that an organism interacts with are known as biotic
elements: animals, plants; abiotic elements are non- living things which include air, water
and sunlight.

Systems may be described as a complex of interacting components together with the

relationships among them that permit the identification of a boundary-maintaining entity or
process. To help us visualize and understand systems, it is often helpful to use a systems
diagram.

A systems diagram displays the system’s components and the interactions between them. In a
systems diagram, we put short descriptive phrases (not sentences) in boxes to represent
the components that make up the system. Interactions between the components are often
symbolized by arrows pointing in a logical direction.

Figure 2.2 Simple Human-Environment Systems Diagram: Both humans and the environment impact each other. This
concept is developed very well in Gerry Marten’s online textbook Human Ecology.

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 The ways that people interact with the rest of the ecosystem come from their social
organization as a system. The way that the rest of the ecosystem responds also comes
from its organization as a system. Human actions that impact one part of an ecosystem
generate a chain of effects that reverberates back and forth through ecosystem and social
system. People will overexploit or abuse an ecosystem if there is no social constraint and
the ecosystem is large enough for destructive activities of a single individual to have no
negative consequences for that person, even though the consequences for everyone are
serious if everyone does it.

IMPACT OF THE HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION ON THE NATURAL

ENVIRONMENT

As overpopulation, overgrazing, deforestation, desertification and pollution have

created a tremendous impact on the environment; we are already feeling the effects of
this impact. In what is called feedback loop, we may see how human systems affect
environmental systems, which in turn affect human systems.

A. Overpopulation
Much of the damage we've done to the environment has been caused by our
inability to accommodate population increase. Technological advancements have
generated a new double-edged sword since Malthus initially expressed his grave
concerns: health and affluence. Our food supply can now support more people than ever
before, and medical innovation has led to longer life spans. However, this reality has a
considerable impact on population turnover, propelling it to a rapid extension. As our
quality of life and optimism for the future improve, the issues posed by overpopulation
become more serious.
People in developing countries need to be housed, which means they need
additional land to build homes and towns. This frequently entails clearing trees to make
way for urban and rural development, as well as the provision of building materials.
Currently, it is estimated that 18 million acres of forest land are clear-cut each year to
make room for development and to be used in wood products.
B. Deforestation
Deforestation has a number of consequences, including decreased oxygen levels,
a higher risk of soil disintegration, and the pulverization of animal habitats. However, as
with industrial agriculture, some organizations have attempted to generate a constructive
counter-impact to deforestation's negative environmental effects.
According to the Forest Management Bureau's 2017 Philippine Forestry Statistics,
the overall national forest cover is roughly 7.014 million hectares, or 23.38 percent of the
country's total land area of around 30 million hectares. Although the rate of deforestation
has slowed and even reversed in some regions, the forest cover is still far less than the
17.8 million hectares recorded in 1934. Forest loss has an impact on the nation's ability
to produce goods and ecosystem services, as well as a significant contribution to
greenhouse gas emissions.

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 C. Pollution
Human activities affect the environment by contributing to air pollution, or the emission
of harmful substances into the air. Whereas, it can be difficult to recognize which
pollutants are associated with specific effects on the environment or public health, it is
generally acknowledged that air pollution can indeed cause public health problems and
also harm plant and animal life.
Pollution isn’t just limited to the air. It can affect soil or waterways and can come
from human waste, industrial chemicals and other sources. These contaminants can
utilize remarkable effects on the natural world, leading to environmental degradation and
problems like acid rain and harmful algal blooms in the ocean.
A local station reported that, air pollution has always been an issue in the
Philippines. According to World Health Organization research published in 2018, there
were 45.3 deaths in the Philippines due to air pollution for every 100,000 inhabitants. After
China's 81.5 pollution-related deaths per 100,000 people and Mongolia's 48.8 deaths per
100,000 people, it was the world's third-highest rate.

KEY CONCEPTS IN HUMAN- ENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS

Sense of Place refers to the development of meaning or association with a given location.
It is an attachment to a particular environment and is deepened by its history, the
writings about it, and the experiences of an individual.

A mental map of the place refers to the mental representation of things and people of a
given location. It is formed by the memory’s identification of the physical
characteristics and features of a particular place. The themes, attachments,
memories, and emotions we hold for places create a sense of place for us in the
world. The place where we grew up is what human geographers consider as our
primary landscape and is the basis for our experience of new places.

Spatial Distribution refers to the distribution of anything that exist on earth that can be
mapped out and is observable through spatial processes. It maps out natural and
physical aspects such as temperature, weather and cities. It observes cultural
aspects such as language, nationality, gender and religion.

Spatial Process is the underlying structure responsible for the spatial distribution of
things. The propagation of the Spanish language in different countries could be
attributed to the Western civilization’s desire for world dominance.

IMPORTANT THEORISTS
Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917- 2005) was a developmental psychologist who became
popularly known for his ecological systems theory, which centered on child
development. During 1960s, child development was perceived as highly
dependent on the individual’s genes. As a Russian- born scholar, he became a
key figure in shifting from this perspective. With his theory, the said notion was
challenged and was later on amended to accommodate the impact of a person’s
environment on his or her development as a human.

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Garrett Hardin (1915- 2003) was an American ecologist who gained popularity for his essay
“Tragedy of the Commons” (1968). The essay analyzed the impact of
overpopulation on the integrity of the environment and the resources that human
populations share. Using the Malthusian perspective that identifies overpopulation
as a source of societal conflict due to the insufficiency of resources that would cater
to the growing population, he argued that the welfare states’ inclination to support
overbreeding due to humanitarian considerations will inevitably bring tragedy to
the commonly shared resources like space, air and water.

Ernest Burgess (1886-1966) was an urban sociologist who had a stellar career in the
US. He was widely known for his work on the concentric zone model, which
presented the spatial arrangement of people and intuitions within the city. He
developed this model with his textbook co-author, Robert E. Park.

Concentric Zone Model

http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/falqeeq/files/2010/02/The-Urban-Mosaic.pd

There are five zones that are present in an urban landscape. These zones are
interrelated and are often defined by economic basis toward the center. The core
analysis for this model is that the farther the zone is from the CBD, the more affluent the
zone is. Those who are living in zone 5 (commuter residential) are typically upper
middle-class individuals, while those who are in zone 3 are often lower class workers.

What’s More

Activity 1: Read and analyze the news article from Herald Express published on
August 19, 2019 and answer the questions that follow.

Cordillera forests on the brink of extinction

BUGUIAS, Benguet – Tribal elders, local officials and concerned stakeholders underscored that the
several remaining critical watersheds in the Cordillera are now on the brink of extinction because of the
rampant deforestation activities of illegal loggers and commercial vegetable farm operators right in front
of the noses of environment officials and purported forest guards assigned in the said places.

Elders and barangay officials from remote villages within the jurisdiction of the Mount Pulag National
Park, the second highest mountain peak in the country, and the Mount Data National Park that strands
from Benguet up to Mountain Province pointed out that despite the presence of personnel of the

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 environment department in the said areas, rampant conversion of forested areas to commercial
vegetable farms remain blatant which is obviously beyond their control because some of the workers of
the owners of vegetable farms expanding their areas of operation to the virgin forests are all3egedly
armed and dangerous.

“There are several hundreds of trees that are being willfully cut in the different critical forests in Benguet,
Mountain Province and Ifugao and at the rate of the deforestation, the fully grown trees that our ancestors
have nurtured for decades just for us to enjoy the fruits of a good state of environment might be gone
anytime considering the rampant deforestation activities all over the said forests,” a tribal elder quipped.

Concerned local officials from the three provinces have similar sentiments against the environment
department for their alleged inability to put a stop on the massive conversion of virgin forests and critical
watersheds to commercial farms that affect the stability of soil in the mountain slopes that will result to
massive landslides and the depletion of potable water supply coming from the forested areas in the
region.

According to him, the environment department immediately publicizes its actions on a single tree that is
cut in Baguio city but remains silent on the hundreds of trees that are being compromised to pave the
way for vegetable farms which has a far more serious negative effect to the environment compared to a
single tree that was cut inside a private property in the city.

Some concerned residents also lamented the DENR personnel and law enforcers for their inability to
closely monitor the operation of units of heavy equipment in the critical watersheds willfully barring down
century-old trees just for commercial vegetable farm operators to be able to increase their income at the
expense of compromising the state of the region’s environment which has been even identified as the
watershed cradle of Northern Luzon.

Some of the affected residents claimed that the commercial vegetable farms are now slowly expanding
to the borders of Benguet, Mountain Province and Ifugao but the concerned environment department
offices in the said provinces seem not to be alarmed over the rate of forest destruction within their areas
of jurisdiction as if they prefer to have the operation of the vegetable farms instead of having a thickly
forested mountain slope that is home to endemic species of plants and animals for the benefit of the
present and future generations of Cordillerans.

The elders and local officials challenged Environment Secretary Roy Cimatu to come out of his comfort
zone and see for himself what is happening to the critical watersheds that are supposed to be preserved
and protected by the agency that he heads for him to institute a massive reorganization in the agency.

https://www.baguioheraldexpressonline.com/cordillera-forests-extinction/

Assessment 1: Based from the news article that you have read, answer the following
questions:
1. What problems were mentioned in the news article?

2. How does deforestation affect the local community?

3. What can the local community do to stop deforestation?

4. How can the government solve deforestation and other environmental issues?

Activity 2. Scanning of Human Environment

Everything that we do has a consequence on the environment. Many people believe that
the environment is being harmed and damaged because of human activity. Have you
ever thought how much you actions affect the people around you and your environment?
How can we reduce the negative impact of human activity to our environment?

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Assessment 2:
Direction: What are the common environmental and social problems you observe in your
barangay? What are the causes of these problems? How do these problems affect the
people? How can you help solve these problems? Fill in the table below.

Environmental / Causes Effects Solution

Social Problems
Ex. Poverty Lack of Education Low Income Community
programs
1.
2.
3.

Activity 3: My Neighbourhood
Have you ever really looked around your neighborhood and thought about it? How would
you describe it?
Assessment 3: Draw a sketch map of your neighborhood then label or write the different
terms that you use for different parts of the village.

What I Have Learned

THINKING TIME!
Directions: To summarize what you have learned, try to complete this statement about
Human- Environment System.
1. I learned that Human-Environment System is about:
____________________________________________________________
2. I know why it is important to study because:
____________________________________________________________
3. As a student I can use this knowledge to:
____________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Essay: Answer the question in 10 sentences only.

As a Senior High School student, what can you contribute to lessen the environmental
and social issues in your community? How can you apply the things you have learned in
school to solve the problem?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

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 POST-ASSESSMENT

Multiple Choices: Read the statement carefully then choose the letter of the correct
answer.

1. It is essentially the distribution of physical, cultural and human environment system’s

interaction over the space of Earth.
A. Mental Map B. Spatial Process
C. Primary landscape D. Spatial Distribution
2. It is formed by the memory’s identification of the physical characteristics and features of a
particular place.
A.Mental Map B. Spatial Process C. Primary landscape D. Sense of Place
3. The themes, attachments, memories and emotions we hold for places create a sense of
place for us in the world.
A. Mental Map B. Spatial Process C. Primary landscape D. Sense of Place
4. It refers to the development of meaning or association with a given location.
A. Mental Map B. Spatial Process C. Primary landscape D. Sense of Place
5. These are various institutions and activities humans created in society.
A. Human systems B. environment systems C. feedback loop D. zones
6. These are the biological, ecological, and living and non-living weather systems in our
planet.
A. Human systems B. environment systems C. feedback loop D. human-environment
systems
7. It is the interdisciplinary approach which studies the complex interactions among human
and environment systems.
A.Human systems B. environment systems C. feedback loop D. human-environment
systems
8. He is widely-known for his work on the concentric zone model which presented the spatial
arrangement of people and institutions within a city.
A.Ernest Burgess B. Garrett Hardin C. Urie Bronfenbrenner D. Robert Park
9. A famous developmental psychologist who became popularly known for his ecological
systems theory which centered on child development.
A.Ernest Burgess B. Garrett Hardin C. Urie Bronfenbrenner D. Robert Park
10. His essay analyzed the impact of overpopulation on the integrity of the environment and
the resources that human population shares.
A.Ernest Burgess B. Garrett Hardin C. Urie Bronfenbrenner D. Robert Park

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY

Direction: Create a work of art (painting, drawing, collage) showing the actions that you
can do to uphold environmentalism in your community.
Rubrics
Criteria Highest Possible Points
Creativity (artistry) 10 pts.
Content (relevance to the topic)) 10 pts.
Originality (uniqueness, own work) 10 pts.

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Activity 1: Answers may vary Pre-assessment:
Assessment 1: Answers may vary
Activity 2: Answers may vary Test I: True or False
Assessment 2: Answers may vary T
Assessment 3: Answers may vary depending on the
understanding of the student T
What I Can Do : Answers may vary
F
Post Assessment: T
D F
A Test II: Identification
C Human Systems
D Humans
A Environment
B System
D Overpopulation
A Global Warming
C Pollutants
B Environment Systems
Mental Map
ANSWER KEY
 References

A. Books

Maria Carinnes P. Alejandria- Gonzalez, Disciplines and Ideas in the Social

Sciences, Diwa Learning System, Inc., Legaspi Village, Makati City

B.Taken from Internet

What Are Coupled Human-Environment Systems? Accessed August 3, 2020.

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/325

Human Ecology - Basic Concepts for Sustainable Development. Accessed on

January 17, 2021. http://gerrymarten.com/human-ecology/

The Urban Mosaic. Accessed August 4, 2020.

http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/falqeeq/files/2010/02/The-Urban-Mosaic.pdf
Do Humans Affect the Environment? Accessed January 16, 2021.
https://onlinedegrees.kent.edu/geography/geographic-information-
science/community/human-impact-on-the-environment
Deforestation. Accessed August 4, 2020.
http://www.philchm.ph/deforestation/
Sabillo, Kristine. 2020. Beyond lockdown: Can the Philippines sustain low air
pollution levels? Accessed October 20,2021.
https://earthjournalism.net/stories/beyond-lockdown-can-the
philippinessustainlow-air-pollution-levels.

Cordillera forests on the brink of extinction. Accessed October 20,2021.

https://www.baguioheraldexpressonline.com/cordillera-forests-extinction/

D. Pictures

Menro La Trinidad. https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid

https://www.philstar.com/world/2017/10/20/1750759/study-finds-pollution-
deadlier-war-disaster-hunger
https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2019/06/02/the-worst-flood/

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Benguet

Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet
Telephone: 074 422 2001
Email Address: benguet@deped.gov.ph

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