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September/October 2022

// number 657

THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR PUMP USERS

Preventive
maintenance
THE KEY TO STOPPING PROBLEMS BEFORE THEY HAPPEN

Chemicals & abrasives HVAC Rail


in liaison with

www.worldpumps.com
Condition Monitoring
in the Hands of Experts

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www.worldpumps.com
THE TEAM

Foreword
Acting Editor
Roisin Reidy
Tel: +44 (0)1322 221144
roisin.reidy@markallengroup.com
Editor
Bunny Richings (On maternity leave)
Tel: +44 (0)1322 221144 A warm welcome to the September/October issue We also look at how pumps are playing their
bunny.richings@markallengroup.com of World Pumps – my first as acting editor while part in tackling the growing global energy crisis
my colleague Bunny Richings is away. (page 18). With soaring energy prices, there is now
Production Manager I am new to this editorial desk, but very a greater focus on the role of heat pumps which
Kyri Apostolou
familiar with the world of pumps as I have been provide an established, reliable energy source,
Tel: +44 (0)20 7501 6779
kyri.apostolou@markallengroup.com writing about the business side of the sector for capable of lowering costs while significantly
many years as editor of Pump Industry Analyst cutting carbon emissions.
Production Controller newsletter. Elsewhere in the magazine, we discover how
Jamie Hodgskin
In this issue of the magazine, we put the pumps are helping provide an increasingly viable
Tel: +44 (0)20 7501 6677
jamie.hodgskin@markallengroup.com spotlight on maintenance, chemicals & abrasives, and greener alternative in the rail sector (page 22).
HVAC, and rail. High fuel and energy costs, strict environmental
Design team When a pump fails, production can be legislation and the drive to zero carbon by 2050
Andy Bass, Anna Davie,
disrupted costing a manufacturer time and mean rail is looking to new technologies to help
Louise Green, Julie Welby
money as well as having potentially hazardous meet its obligations, with hydrogen set to play a
Commercial Manager consequences. Our cover story (Prevention is key role.
David Binge better than cure for pump maintenance, page In our Meet the Association feature (page 8),
Tel: +44 (0)7895 562123 10) shows how preventive maintenance is key Steve Schofield, director and chief executive of the
david.binge@markallengroup.com
to stopping problems before they happen. An British Pump Manufacturers’ Association (BPMA)
Managing Director ignored worn bearing or damaged seal are storing answers the questions. Steve talks about the
Jon Benson up problems and a detailed maintenance program challenges his members are currently dealing with,
Group Content Director can save a lot of headaches down the line. including skill shortages, rising energy costs and
Graham Johnson On page 14, we highlight how waste heat supply chain issues, as well as the effects of
Subscription Director is providing an alternative power source for Brexit.
Sally Boettcher industrial pumps. Chemical giant BASF and Finally, our dedicated World Pumps LinkedIn
MAN Energy Solutions have joined forces to page at www.linkedin.com/company/world-
Executive Director, Digital
build an industrial-scale heat pump at the pumps is where we share our latest news,
Matthew Cianfarani
BASF site in Ludwigshafen, Germany. Dr Uwe blogs and features. Be sure to follow, share and
Circulation Manager Liebelt, president of European Verbund Sites comment and we promise to keep you up-to-date
Chris Jones at BASF, says: “Protecting the climate means and informed.
Chief Executive Officer not only avoiding greenhouse gas emissions Let’s stay in touch and keep the pump
Ben Allen but also using energy sustainably – industrial conversation flowing!
Chairman heat pumps enable both. In the future, they will
Mark Allen be an essential part of the sustainable energy Roisin Reidy, acting editor
infrastructure at the Ludwigshafen site.” roisin.reidy@markallengroup.com
World Pumps is published by
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Moving on?
Europump, the Association Européenne des Constructeurs and all forms of document delivery. Special rates otherwise, or from any use or operation of any If you change jobs, your company moves to a
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related information. Publishers’ Licensing Service Ltd at https://plsclear. or of the claims made of it by its manufacturer. Blackwood, NP12 2YA

4 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022


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VOGELSANG – LEADING IN TECHNOLOGY


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Septem
ber/Oct
obe
// num r 2022
Diary Dates
Contents
ber 657
© maxbelchenko - stock.adobe.com

2022 30 November–1 December


THE
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FOR
PUM
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2022
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Prevention is better than cure for pump maintenance
12/09/2
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11:58

8–12 October 2022 FEBRUARY


When a pump fails, production is disrupted costing New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
a manufacturer time and money as well as having 20–23 February 2023
WEFTEC 2022 Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
potentially hazardous consequences. Here we look www.weftec.org WWETT 23 – Water &
at how preventive maintenance is key to stopping Wastewater Equipment,
9–13 October 2022
problems before they happen. Treatment & Transport Show
Sydney, Australia
www.wwettshow.com
IDA World Congress 2022
6 Diary dates https://wc.idadesal.org MARCH
13–15 October 2022 7–10 March 2023
FEATURES PRODUCT FOCUS Lyon, France
Taipei, Taiwan
Meet the association Food & beverage Taiwan International Water Global Industrie
8 BPMA 26 Diaphragm barrier the Week 2022 www.global-industrie.com
A Q&A with Steve Schofield, critical choice in food and www.taiwanintlwaterweek.com
13–17 March 2023
director and chief executive beverage production 18–20 October 2022 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
of the British Pump Sterility and hygiene are Seville, Spain ISH 2023
Manufacturers’ Association essential in food and beverage MMH (Mining and Minerals https://ish.messefrankfurt.com
(BPMA). manufacturing – requirements Hall)
16 March 2023
Chemicals & abrasives that can put extraordinary https://mmhseville.com/
Burton on Trent, UK
14 Full steam ahead for demands on equipment. 24–30 October 2022 Pump Industry Awards
chemical power Pumps are no exception. Munich, Germany www.pumpindustryawards.com

Alternatives to fossil fuels are Saint-Gobain’s Chemfilm Flex Bauma 2022


29–30 March 2023
continuously being researched Barriers are designed to match www.bauma.de
Dortmund, Germany
to provide energy and avoid or even exceed the sector’s 31 October–3 November 2022 Pumps & Valves Dortmund
unwanted toxic emissions. strict requirements. Abu Dhabi, United Arab www.pumpsvalves-dortmund.de

Andrew Smith looks at how Emirates


ADIPEC 2022
APRIL
waste heat is providing an CASE STUDIES 17–21 April 2023
www.adipec.com
alternative power source for Power generation Hannover, Germany
industrial pumps. NOVEMBER Hannover Messe
28 The proof is in the bearing! www.hannovermesse.de
HVAC 9–11 November 2022
Graphite Metallizing Corp
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
18 Pumps play their part in and AVI International present SEPTEMBER
Vietwater
tackling energy crisis a case study about a power 30 September–4 October
www.vietwater.com
Every day we are given dire plant in North Dakota, 2023
15–16 November 2022 Chicago, Illinois, USA
warnings about the energy USA that has had 14 years
Dubai WEFTEC 2023 – 96th Annual
crisis with bills soaring for of reliable operation from The Mining Show Technical Exhibition &
industry and domestically. bearings in a boiler water www.terrapinn.com/exhibition/ Conference
Here we examine how heat circulating pump. mining-show www.weftec.org
pumps can play a key role in Maintenance 29 November–2 December NOVEMBER
reducing the impact as well as 30 Finite element analysis of 2022 6–9 November 2023
cutting carbon emissions. Bilbao, Spain
cooling water pump shaft Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Rail Maintenance, downtime and IWA Digital Water Summit Aquatech Amsterdam 2023
22 Pump technology on track for https://digitalwatersummit.org/ www.aquatechtrade.com/amsterdam/
repair add a huge cost to
future transport needs any industry and business.
More diary dates are listed in our events page on the World
The rail industry is facing huge In this case study, Jayden
Pumps website: http://www.worldpumps.com/events/
challenges with rising diesel Shaw, a mechanical engineer
and electricity prices ultimately serving as onsite manager All events are subject to change and/or cancellations. World
Pumps accepts no responsibility for any changes. Further
being passed on to the user. and condition monitoring
information can be obtained only by contacting the relevant
We discover how pumps are specialist for Hydro Australia, parties.
helping provide an increasingly shows how his company
To list your event in our next issue and on our website, please
viable and greener alternative helped a power plant get back send the information to Roisin Reidy, email: roisin.reidy@
for the rail sector. on its feet. markallengroup.com

6 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022


FEATURE

A Q&A with Steve Schofield,


director and chief executive of the
British Pump Manufacturers’
Association (BPMA)

Meet the
Association:
BPMA 2

Can you tell us about the BPMA?


The BPMA was established in 1941, when the UK
was firmly in the grip of World War Two. It was
clearly a time of great disruption and hardship,
but also of great resolve. The country’s foundries
were required to make the components and
ammunitions for the war effort, and pumps were
required to keep those foundries working. From
1941 to 1964 the BPMA secretariat was provided
by BPMA administrator Peat Marwick Mitchell,
whose key role was to control the allocation of
strategic materials to the industry. Then, from
1965 onwards, BPMA established its own officers.
Although many aspects of the pump sector have
changed in that time, some of the fundamental 3
engineering principles behind the technology
remain today, and these mainstays can be traced
1 back to Peat Marwick Mitchell (who provided the meetings you might not necessarily affect your
P M cornerstones of today’s global accountancy company’s business immediately, but if you
giant - KPMG). As the name suggests, the engaged fully in the various discussions, you
association was formed to offer guidance, advice, could influence certain aspects of your company’s
and support for British pump manufacturers, business and protect its interests for tomorrow.
but over time the membership has expanded to This is still very much relevant, even in today’s
include a wide range of pump related products fast moving commercial environment. In 1998
and services. and having a strong working relationship with
Brian Huxley, the then BPMA director, I was
How did you get to your current role? asked to replace Leslie who was about to retire
My first recollection of BPMA was through as technical director. In 2013 Brian took his well-
attending a BPMA technical meeting in earned retirement, and I replaced him as director
1. Steve Schofield. London as a member. I was working for Durco and CEO of the BPMA.
at the time. The meeting was being chaired by
2. Pumps in action.
Leslie Teasdale who was the BPMA’s technical What are the biggest challenges that
3. The BPMA offers a range of director. These meetings provided a great deal your members are currently dealing
training including e-learning,
lecture-based, on-site and bespoke
of information about the wider pump industry, with?
programmes. which I found invaluable to my understanding There are many challenges in play today, from
of the sector. I quickly learned, and then came to skill shortages to the ever-increasing price of
4. A pump engineer at work.
(Images courtesy of BPMA) fully appreciate, that by attending these BPMA energy, but the Covid pandemic broke down

8 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022


BPMA

Did you know?


The BPMA is a 4
member of CAFA
(Climate Action for
Associations).

long standing supply chains and has caused huge to have their own set of UK centric safety and What does the future of pump
shortages of various materials and components technical regulations. If this does happen, manufacturing in the UK look like?
used in the manufacture of pumps, and their pumps that are sold to the UK market will need BPMA’s membership has grown from 75
related equipment. This is particularly evident in to meet different regulation, testing and safety companies in 2018 to 115 today, and many of our
the global shortage of semiconductor chips which standards to those of the European market. members are doing exceptionally well. They
are frequently used nowadays in the electrical Quite simply, this will add another level of would of course be doing even better if it were not
components that control pumps. Prices have business complexity to an already heavily for the global supply chain issues. That said there
risen across all sectors and after many years of regulated sector, the benefits of which are hard will always be commercial challenges affecting
stagnant or reducing price levels we are finding to fathom. any business sector, but thankfully, there will
many of our members are having to increase always be a requirement for pumps, and I am
prices. In some cases, we’ve even witnessed How is the BPMA helping to make the confident UK pump manufacturing can only get
several price rises within a 12-month period, due pump sector more environmentally stronger.
to the ongoing increase in component parts. The sustainable?
BPMA is itself a member of CBI, MAKE UK and The BPMA joined CAFA (Climate Action for You are about to retire. What are the
EURIS, and without doubt one of the main topics Associations) in 2021 and we are hoping that biggest changes you have seen over
discussed at the various meetings we attend is some of CAFA’s carbon reducing policies will your pump career? And what will you
that of staff shortages. It is through these trade be integrated into our existing advice and miss most about the world of pumps?
organisations that pressure is being put onto the recommendations for members. However, many Upon retirement, I will have spent 48 years in
UK government. The shortages are at all levels BPMA members, who are huge organisations the pump industry. The industry I joined in 1975
and across all mechanical and electrical sectors. in their own right, already have their own is no longer there. The way pumps are
It should also be noted that this is not just a UK environmental policies in place. manufactured, where the materials and
issue, as Europe and the USA are struggling with components come from and how they are
the same problem. Unfortunately, the net result How do you see pump technology assembled, tested, and placed on the market have
is highly inflated salaries being offered across the developing over the next 5–10 years? changed dramatically over the past four decades,
board. The BPMA has recently formed its own Pumps were first developed by the Egyptians and will no doubt continue to change for the
recruitment working group to look at possible around 2000 BC, and since then different good of the pump using sector. During my time I
short-, medium-, and long-term solutions for the types have been designed into just two main have been extremely fortunate to work for, and
pump industry, although it is readily accepted families - rotodynamic or positive displacement. with, some excellent people in some very well-run
that there is no easy short-term fix. The technology within both these pump companies, and so I guess the thing I will miss the
types is possibly at its peak, with only minor most is the networking and social interaction,
How is Brexit affecting your members? design changes taking place in recent years, which to be fair, has already been heavily affected
Importing and exporting have proven a challenge mainly relating to efficiency levels. The by the Covid pandemic.
for many of our members with increased costs main developments have primarily revolved
and bureaucracy. On the horizon is the change around how pumps are controlled, monitored,
from CE Marking to UKCA Marking, but maintained, and made to operate more CONTACT
eventually we see the UK government diverging efficiently. This is through electrical devices such www.bpma.org.uk
all regulation relating to our industry in order as inverters and pump system related software.

September/October 2022 www.worldpumps.com // 9


FEATURE

Did you know?


Poorly maintained
pumps can cause
increased hazards such
as noxious emissions
and in extreme cases
the pump itself can
catch fire.
(BPA)

Prevention is
better than cure
for pump maintenance
10 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022
MAINTENANCE

When a pump fails, production is


disrupted costing a manufacturer time
and money as well as having potentially
hazardous consequences. Here we look
at how preventive maintenance is key to
stopping problems before they happen.

T he old saying ‘prevention is


better than cure’ could have been
invented for the pump industry.
It seems a truism but time
spent carrying out a detailed
maintenance program can save a lot of headaches
when a pump fails and the knock-on effects have
a deep impact on production.
A simple worn bearing or damaged seal
Specific maintenance
Brian Tait, head of pump services at UK-
based electromechanical specialist Houghton
International, said: “The specific maintenance
requirements of industrial pumps depend on
factors including the type of pump, the clarity
and viscosity of the pumped medium, the
compliance requirements of the specific industry
sector and more.
should not be ignored as they are simply storing “However, what all industrial pump
up problems down the line. The consequences systems have in common is a need for regular
can be serious, for example with the leakage of maintenance, to minimise costly, inconvenient
hazardous substances in chemical plants putting and possibly hazardous unplanned downtime.”
1 operators at risk. Tait points to the example of the dairy
industry with a pump seal failing in a UHT
milk pasteurizer. Once this happens, the entire
production run will likely have to be discarded
with serious financial implications.
If the same thing occurs in a chemical
processing plant involving the transportation of
hydrochloric acid, then the consequences could
be more than just financial.
“In both cases, a careful inspection of
the sealings as part of a standard preventive
maintenance programme could have identified
the early signs of damage and avoided
catastrophic failure,” added Tait.

1. Minor issues can quickly escalate


and lead to the shutdown of an entire
pump system. (Image: Houghton
International)

2. Hydro’s Centaur Monitoring and


Diagnostic Center allows real-time
remote access to live and historical
equipment data, enabling advanced
asset monitoring. (Image: Hydro, Inc.)
2

September/October 2022 www.worldpumps.com // 11


MAINTENANCE

For wet pumps, such


3 as primary rotary vane
pumps and diffusion
pumps, oil contamination
is one of the most 3. Sitech Manufacturing Services supplied the spare
pump to the local service centre in the Netherlands.
common maintenance (Image: Sulzer)

concerns. 4. The retrofits have been a considerable success and


the first has now delivered faultless reliability for over
(Vacaero) six years. (Image: Sulzer)

5. The pumps had a mean time between failure of


around 12 months. (Image: Sulzer)

Periodic checks Wireless sensors


Preventive maintenance involves carrying out For example, Centaur was installed on five
periodic checks, the intervals of which must pump machine trains at a steel mill’s descaling
be established by a pump expert based on the pumps. Using wireless sensors, Hydro has been
application and pump type or with 24/7 sensor- continuously collecting real-time vibration and
based condition monitoring. surface temperature levels on the pump, gearbox,
For example, US pump technology specialist and motor.
Hydro Inc recently unveiled its Centaur It picked up a problem shortly after the
Monitoring and Diagnostic Center which installation of a newly refurbished rotor on one
supports end-users who monitor their critical of the pumps with Centaur’s engineering team
equipment through its condition monitoring suspecting the pump was suffering from structural
service, Centaur. looseness in the outboard bearing housing.
Centaur allows real-time remote access to live A recommendation was made to inspect the
and historical equipment data, enabling Hydro’s outboard bearing housing for loose bolts and this
team of skilled vibration specialists to perform was carried out revealing the hold-down bolts
advanced asset monitoring in tandem with the were only finger tight.
equipment end users. The pump was restarted and vibration
The engineering team also provides amplitudes dropped by 71%. But if the problem
monitoring oversight, monthly health reports had not been detected, the potential cost
and advanced analytical support. Digital twins of damage could have reached more than
of equipment are created and updated with US$200,000.
real-time data and colour-coded alarm indicators While sensors are useful for monitoring
populate the model when the monitored output critical parameters such as vibration, power
exceeds user-established thresholds. consumption, run time and output, visual
This helps experts to act quickly in inspection by a trained professional is still needed
determining overall equipment health and to assess the condition of assets such as bearings
4 identifying areas that need immediate attention. and sealings and detect misalignment issues.

12 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022


MAINTENANCE

Retrofits and reliability


While regular maintenance helps maintain the wearing parts, which required improved
smooth production, pumps will eventually durability. Once complete, the plans were
fail. sent to the manufacturing site for this
For example, maintenance issues with project in Germany which created the new
a group of ammonia pumps at the Sitech equipment.
chemical plant in the Netherlands were Ben Lauwerijssen, regional sales manager,
causing considerable expense and downtime Benelux for Sulzer, said: “Back in the
despite repeated interventions from the Netherlands, the pump was reassembled
original equipment manufacturer (OEM). with the new components before being
The answer was a retrofit solution to tested. Once complete, the pump was
three pumps, originally installed in 1968, returned to the chemical plant where it was
which deliver ammonia feedstock in nitrogen installed, commissioned and found to run
fertilizer production. very smoothly. In all, the whole project was
Between them the pumps were failing completed in just 20 weeks.”
every 12 months on average thanks to Sitech has now sent other problem pumps
high vibration, excessive wear and broken to Sulzer and the retrofits have been highly
impellers costing Sitech €150,000 annually. successful with the first delivering faultless
5 Major pump manufacturer Sulzer was reliability for more than six years.
brought in initially to work on Sitech’s spare Frank Sleijpen at Sitech Manufacturing
pump. A root cause analysis was carried out Services added: “The continued vibration
to identify weak points in the existing design monitoring has shown that Sulzer’s design
before a laser scanner created a precision modifications have not only greatly
model of the entire pump. improved the mean time between failures
Once this was complete, design work could but readings are significantly lower than
start on the new impellers and driveshaft. those for the original pumps. This is a good
Vacuum pumps Starting with Sulzer’s own BBT-D pump indication of continued performance and
design as a reference, engineers focused long-term reliability which will continue to
should be dismantled on the impeller characteristics as well as save the company money.”
and inspected after
every 3000 hours of
6. Severe pump volute corrosion at a
operation. paper mill. (Image: Belzona)

(Vacaero) 7. Corroded pump refurbished using


Belzona 1321 (Ceramic S-Metal).
(Image: Belzona)

Cutting costs Specialist firm Belzona can restore severely


Such inspections can reduce energy consumption damaged pumps to their original profile using
and extend the life of the pump, again its range of epoxy repair materials and coatings.
6
significantly cutting costs. For example, metal repair composites such as
Pump performance tests are also useful to Belzona 1111 can be used to repair cracked and
measure efficiency. The level of efficiency is holed pumps.
represented by a curve that indicates how the Coatings such as the 1321 (Ceramic S-Metal),
pump works with regard to pressure and flow. provide long-term erosion and corrosion
To be 100% efficient, the horsepower input resistance whilst the 1341 (Supermetalglide) is
should be the same as the water horsepower proven to increase pump efficiency up to 7% on
output. new equipment and up to 20% on refurbished
This is never the case, due to normal causes equipment.
of energy loss such as friction and leakages so a
75% efficiency rate is usually considered optimal,
while 50% or lower indicates a potential issue. ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Sometimes, no matter what preventive This article was written by Andrew Smith, a
maintenance has been carried out, the corrosive freelance writer
nature of the media being pumped can cause Email: northstarcomms@outlook.com
problems.
For example, paper mill pumps are put under
immense strain due to the transfer of viscous CONTACTS
material throughout the pulping process. Houghton International: www.houghton-
Together, the sludge and slurries combine a high international.com
7 solids content and processing chemicals for Hydro: www.hydroinc.com
screening, cleaning and bleaching. As a result, Belzona: www.belzona.com
issues associated with erosion, corrosion and Sulzer: www.sulzer.com
chemical attack are commonplace.

September/October 2022 www.worldpumps.com // 13


FEATURE

Alternatives to fossil fuels are continuously being researched


to provide energy and avoid unwanted toxic emissions.
Andrew Smith looks at how waste heat is providing an
alternative power source for industrial pumps.

Full steam
ahead for
chemical
power
14 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022
CHEMICALS & ABRASIVES

© kbarzycki - stock.adobe.com
In Europe, more
than 360 gigawatts of
industrial waste heat
is dissipated annually
to the environment,
costing the EU more
than €52bn a year.
(Ghent University)

T he reaction of phosphorus pentoxide with water in the


school chemistry lab is something that many readers
will remember.
I recall my teacher telling us to stand back without
explanation as he dropped the phosphorus into the
flask of water and seeing the sudden flash and blast of steam as the
reaction took place. Truly amazing for a schoolboy.
But imagine if that instant burst of steam could be captured and
used for power? What would the possibilities be for industry and
the environment with no electricity or gas required to provide heat?
Research has been going on for years but only recently has
it started to gain traction with some meaningful industrial 1
applications.
A team from the University of Technology in Lodz, Poland has
1. Waste heat can
carried out concept studies looking at ways of reclaiming energy be used to power
from low temperature waste streams and converting it into a heat pumps saving
electricity costs
saturated steam produced at temperatures ranging from 120 to and cutting carbon
150°C – ideal for powering industrial applications. emissions.

September/October 2022 www.worldpumps.com // 15


CHEMICALS & ABRASIVES

Waste heat diphosphate (ADP) and energy is stored vice


The use of thermal The dilution of highly concentrated (ideally above versa. The pump has now been commercialized
driven heat pumps 80%) phosphoric acid was chosen as a power by Qpinch, a spin-off firm from the university.
source for chemical heat pumps as waste heat During the process, steam, hot liquid, vapours
can reduce CO2 is produced using endothermic and exothermic and condensate – waste heat with temperatures
emissions by 10%. reactions. ranging from 75 to 150°C – is captured and
(Ghent University) Chemical heat pumps already use reversible transformed into industrial heat which is
exothermal and endothermal chemical reactions then transformed into new process heat with
to transfer energy, for example to increase the temperatures of up to 230°C.
temperature of working fluids so ideally lend
themselves to the process and the ultimate Heat lift
2. 3D model of the planned high- production of steam for power. Qpinch CEO Wouter Ducheyne explained: “An
temperature heat pump by BASF The research has been carried further at the important aspect of heat pumps when it comes
and MAN.
Green-Chem network at the Faculty of Bioscience to turning waste heat into useful heat is the ‘heat
3. Spread across an area of 10 kms, Engineering of Ghent University where a lift’, – the temperature difference between the
the BASF Ludwigshafen Verbund
site is the largest integrated chemical
chemical heat pump was developed to recover input and output streams. The main advantage of
complex in the world. industrial waste heat. our heat pump is that the heat lift is higher than
It was inspired by the human body where conventional heat pumps.
4. The ASU is much smaller than
conventional seal supply systems chemical energy is released when adenine “The system can produce heat lifts of 60°C
and is easy to install. triphosphate (ATP) is converted to adenine or more and only requires an input of electrical
(Image: Vogelsang)
energy of about 2%.”
Significantly, conventional compression heat
pumps use more than 30% electricity for the same

Rotary lobe pumps for demanding duties amount of heat. Thermal driven heat pumps can

Vogelsang has launched two new rotary lobe pump series designed for use in challenging
environments such as the chemical industry.
The EP and VY series can be flexibly fitted with a range of sealing systems and the
Automatic Supply Unit (ASU) seal supply system designed to be smaller and cheaper than 4
those of competitors.
The ASU is much smaller than conventional seal supply systems and is easy to install,
even in confined spaces. It consists of a positive displacement pump that supplies lubricant
to the seal with every rotation to sustain sealing pressure. This maintains overpressure
of either 2.0 or 4.3 bar and Vogelsang says it extends the service life of the seal by up to
100%.
The rotary lobe pumps in the EP series are comprised of a one-piece housing and
have a high-performance gearbox enabling a constant supply of up to 18 bar of pressure.
Helical gears in the gearbox reduce noise while pulsation-free conveying reduces wear
on the adjacent pipeline to a minimum.
The variable use of different seals makes the VY series a genuine all-rounder for use in the
chemical industry. The performance of the VY pumps ranges from 1 m³/h to 120 m³/h with a
maximum pressure of 10 bar. Integrated sensors supply all the important information about
the operating state of the pumps.

16 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022


Steam is the most CHEMICALS & ABRASIVES
important source of
energy in the chemical 5. Dr Martin Brudermüller:
chairman of the board
industry. In Ludwigshafen, of executive directors of
BASF SE.
BASF requires around
6. A MAN Energy Solutions
20m metric tons of heat pump.

steam per year.


(BASF)

also cut CO2 emissions by 10% and the research currently being carried out and is expected to be approximately 50%, is met by gas and steam
has shown the technology is ideally suited to the completed by the end of this year. power plants, which emit CO2 during generation.
chemical industry as well as other sectors such
as food and power generation in both large and Thermal energy CO2 emissions
small installations. The planned large-scale heat pump will enable Dr Martin Brudermüller, chairman of the
Qpinch’s first customers are in the Port of production of steam using electricity from board of executive directors at BASF, said: “In
Antwerp’s petrochemical cluster helped by a renewable energy, tapping waste heat from the the medium term, we want to reduce our CO2
€1 million investment from the Port while the cooling water system at BASF as a source of emissions by 25% by 2030.
Chiyoda Corporation is the first engineering thermal energy. The residual heat in the water “The use of technologies such as large heat
procurement and construction (EPC) company to will be processed using compression to produce pumps, which already exist and can be scaled up to
sign a co-operation agreement for the rollout of steam that will be fed into the site’s steam industrial size, brings us a lot closer to this goal.”
Qpinch technology in Japan and other regions. network. By integrating the planned heat pump Dr Uwe Liebelt, president of European
Yasuhiro Inoue, general manager of Chiyoda’s into the site’s production infrastructure, up to 150 Verbund Sites at BASF, added: “Protecting the
Business Innovation arm, said: “Our clients metric tons of steam can be produced per hour, climate means not only avoiding greenhouse gas
expect us to be on the lookout for innovations. equivalent to a thermal output of 120 megawatts. emissions but also using energy sustainably –
With the Qpinch technology and our strength The project could also reduce CO2 emissions industrial heat pumps enable both.
in EPC execution and integration of various at the site by up to 390,000 metric tons per year “In the future, they will be an essential part
technologies, we can bring them additional and while making the cooling water system more of the sustainable energy infrastructure at the
substantial savings, both in emissions and energy efficient and less dependent on climate and Ludwigshafen site.”
costs.” weather conditions. With this project, the partners aim to gain
Meanwhile, chemical giant BASF and MAN Around half of the steam required at the experience in the integration and operation of
Energy Solutions have joined forces to build an Ludwigshafen site is already produced by industrial-scale heat pumps and pave the way for
industrial-scale heat pump at the BASF site in recovering heat from production facilities using a the standardization and deployment of the
Ludwigshafen, Germany. A feasibility study is low-CO2 process. The remaining steam demand, technology at other sites.

6
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
This article was written by Andrew Smith, a
freelance writer
Email: northstarcomms@outlook.com

CONTACTS
Lodz University of Technology:
www.uni.lodz.pl/en/
Ghent University: www.ugent.be/en
Qpinch: www.qpinch.com
Chiyoda Corporation:
www.chiyodacorp.com
BASF: www.basf.com
MAN Energy Solutions: www.man-es.com
Vogelsang: www.vogelsang.info

September/October 2022 www.worldpumps.com // 17


FEATURE

Pumps play thei


in tackling ener
18 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022
HVAC

© rh2010 - stock.adobe.com
Over the past decade, the
European heat pump
heating market has grown
by an average annual rate
of 10% to achieve sales of
one million units in 2021.
(Daikin)

Every day we are given dire


warnings about the energy
crisis with bills soaring for
industry and domestically.
Here we examine how heat
pumps can play a key role in
reducing the impact as well
as cutting carbon emissions.

ir part A s Russian forces invaded Ukraine, governments


across the world looked on nervously not just
because of the human implications of war on the
doorstep of Europe but due to the potentially
disastrous impact on energy supplies.
According to the CIA World Factbook, Russia is the second-
largest global exporter of crude oil after Saudi Arabia and the
largest exporter of natural gas. Ukraine is a natural gas and
petroleum transit country with three pipelines running through it

ergy crisis
from Russia to Europe while another moves petroleum.
But it’s not just the crisis in Ukraine that is causing prices to
spike. It was happening before that due to a plethora of problems
including climate change – for example, the recent European
drought cut output from nuclear power plants due to water
restrictions, the move to greener (but less dependable) energy
sources such as solar and wind and the impact of Covid-19 on oil
and gas output.

September/October 2022 www.worldpumps.com // 19


HVAC

1. Daikin Altherma high


temperature heat pumps –
powered entirely by natural
energy – comfortably meet All of this is providing a greater focus on the
the heating and hot water role of heat pumps which provide an established,
needs of the Salthouse
eco-hotel. reliable energy source, capable of lowering costs
while significantly cutting carbon emissions.

Refrigerant technology
There are several types of heat pump all
working on the same basic principle of taking
energy generated by the sun, earth, water or
an industrial process and using refrigerant
technology to boost this heat for use in buildings.
To meet net zero Air source heat pumps use energy in the air
ambitions, 600 million while ground source heat pumps take it from the
ground using a transfer fluid to absorb the heat
heat pumps need to 2
at low temperatures and passing it through a heat
provide 20% of global exchanger into a heat pump.
heat demand for Water source heat pumps extract heat
from rivers, lakes, boreholes and even effluent
buildings by 2030. 2. Air source heat pump close-up. discharges from industrial processes.
(IEA) Whatever the system, heat pumps are efficient
3. Daikin Altherma H Hybrid heat pump
outdoor unit. generating up to 4.5kW for every kW of electricity
they need to operate while carbon emissions can
be 80% lower than traditional fossil fuel systems.
Luke Worrall, business development
manager at UK supplier NerG, said: “Heat
European energy crisis pumps, which can be powered by electricity from
renewable sources, have a lot to offer. The key is
According to Bloomberg, gas prices in energy sources and Germany shut down to rethink traditional ways of providing space and
Europe have risen more than 14% while three nuclear facilities in December 2021 process heating.”
International Monetary Fund research leaving it more exposed to the crisis. One factor which has restricted the roll
shows the surge in energy prices will raise Extreme weather has also played its part out of heat pumps is cost with equipment and
the cost of living by more than 7%. with record high and low temperatures installation expensive compared to traditional
In 2020, 58% of energy was produced forcing people to use more heating and air systems. But grants such as the Industrial Energy
outside EU member states while some conditioning, driving up energy demand Transformation Fund in the UK are available to
countries had higher imports such as causing natural gas storage to reach help mitigate the impact. So which heat pump is
Germany (63.7%), Greece (81.4%) and historical lows. most suited to your business?
Malta (over 97%). As a result, the EU is competing with
Europe wants to replace fossil fuels and Asian countries for gas from suppliers in Waste heat
nuclear plants with less reliable renewable the United States and the Middle East. According to UK-based energy services provider
Centrica Business Solutions, air source heat
pumps are the least intrusive and most cost-

20 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022


HVAC

Sri Lankan energy crisis


The dire state of the Sri Lankan economy means it does not have enough
fuel for essential services causing petrol and diesel prices to rise steeply.
In June, the government banned the sale of petrol and diesel for non-
essential vehicles for two weeks and fuel sales remain severely restricted
with the country unable to afford to buy enough to cover the demand.
Until recently schools were closed and while some fuel shipments are
coming through, many suppliers are refusing to deal with Sri Lanka as it
has about US$700 million worth of overdue payments.
Fuel prices have risen by more than 20% with rationing in place.

© VectorMine - stock.adobe.com
CHP is the most
cost-effective energy
option possible for
many heat intensive
organisations and can
deliver cost savings of
effective option. Normally
fitted to the side or on the roof up to 40%.
of a building, the heat pump (Centrica)
draws air from outside and transfers
it by means of compression. They can
also recover waste heat from chillers or 4. How a heat pump works.
wastewater, improving the performance and
financials.
However, they can be dependent on weather 4
and are less efficient with the lowest lifetime
carbon savings of all heat pumps. CHP plant At the newly built 24-bedroom Salthouse
Ground-source heat pumps can use thermal One solution could lie in setting up a combined Hotel in Ballycastle, Northern Ireland, five 16kW
boreholes as a reliable and stable heat source heat and power (CHP) plant using solar PV Daikin Altherma high temperature heat pumps
while the heat recovery loop can be used to generation and heat pumps. powered entirely by natural energy provide its
store heat in the ground for drawing off at Aaron Parker, Head of CHP Sales at Centrica heating needs. It combines heat energy from
cooler times. But they are more expensive and Business Solutions, said: “By combining these the atmosphere with electricity from a 225kW
installation can be disruptive with systems more three on-site generation technologies, the wind turbine and a 150kW solar photovoltaic
difficult to retrofit. economics of greener heat stack up – to benefit installation. The heat pumps deliver water at
Water source heat pumps are more limited both planet and profit.” 80°C without electrical heating to a 5,000 litre
requiring a water source such as a river, sea For example, at St George’s University buffer tank. Water is pumped continuously round
or aquifer from which to extract heat. While Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, the largest the hotel’s five inch ring main with the system
potential savings in bills and carbon emissions healthcare provider in southwest London treating controlled via an online dashboard.
may be higher, installation could be more 800,000 patients a year, a 40-year-old energy Pearse McHenry, who heads the hotel’s
complicated and costly. centre required replacement. renewables activities, said: “With the
Centrica Business Solutions installed combination of technology, insulation and capital
two CHP units and four boilers, as well as a allowances, the investment could pay for itself
building management system, chiller within five years.”
replacement and split unit air conditioning
optimization.
European energy bills The Trust is now guaranteed to save more ABOUT THE AUTHOR
have increased 54% than £1 million and 6,000 tonnes of carbon a This article was written by Andrew Smith, a
year with the savings invested in patient care and freelance writer
since 2020. The average teaching medical staff. Email: northstarcomms@outlook.com
eurozone household is
expected to spend Rising demand
Demand is understandably rising for heat pumps CONTACTS
€1,850 on electricity with manufacturer Daikin seeing sales up 165% in NerG: www.nerg.co.uk
and gas this year, up 2021 compared to 2020. Heat pumps now account Centrica Business Solutions:
for 11% of heating installations globally but that www.centricabusinesssolutions.com
from €1,200 in 2020. figure must quadruple by 2030 to meet net zero Daikin: www.daikin.com
(Bank of America) obligations.

September/October 2022 www.worldpumps.com // 21


FEATURE

Pump techn
on track for
transport n
The rail industry is facing huge challenges
with soaring prices of diesel and electricity
ultimately being passed on to the user. Here
we discover how pumps are helping provide
an increasingly viable and greener alternative.

22 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022


RAIL

© candy1812 - stock.adobe.com
nology
future
needs By 2035, more than
5,000 passenger
trains must be
replaced in Europe.

L ike every other sector, rail is being hit by high fuel and
energy costs while strict environmental legislation and
the drive to zero carbon by 2050 means it is looking to
new technologies to help meet its obligations.
While large scale electrification is still relatively new
in the car industry, it has been used on the UK railroad since the
late 19th century but just 42% of its network is currently electric. In
Europe it is 56% but, in the US, it is less than 1%.
Cost is the major problem. Last December, the UK Treasury
blocked £30 billion plans to further electrify Britain’s railways.
Despite plans to remove all diesel locomotives from service by 2040,
the figures just did not add up. Also, many areas of the world could
never be economically electrified such as mountainous regions.
As a result, alternatives are being sought and hydrogen is set to
play a key role in filling the gaps.

September/October 2022 www.worldpumps.com // 23


RAIL

1
On a hydrogen train,
1 kg of hydrogen Hydrogen train
Mobility specialist Alstom recently launched the
replaces approximately world’s first hydrogen train following significant
4.5 litres of testing over six years. A fleet of 14 Coradia iLint
hydrogen powered trains will now operate
diesel fuel. on a regional line in Lower Saxony,
Germany. The hydrogen is provided by
a new facility built by industrial gas
and engineering specialist Linde in
Bremervörde.
1. A fleet of 14 Coradia iLint hydrogen Thomas Schaefer, manager
powered trains will operate on a German marketing and market development
regional line. (Image: Alstom)
at Linde Hydrogen FuelTech, said:
2. The ionic compressor and cryopump “The benefits are obvious. Trains
system built by Linde. travel long, plannable routes and
are already part of an extensive
network.”
2 The hydrogen is not used directly
for propulsion but fed into a fuel cell
that combines with oxygen from the
outside air to produce electric energy to
run the train. The only emissions are steam
and condensed water with the added benefit
of low noise.
3
It contains 64 high-pressure storage tanks
with a total capacity of 1,800 kilograms, six
hydrogen ionic compressors and two cryopumps 3. Artemis Intelligent Power’s digital
which enable fast refueling in just 15 minutes. hydraulic pump technology.
In more detail, each ionic compressor (IC)
4. Engineers lift out the old risers at
uses five hydraulic pistons to gradually compress Sudbrook pumping station.

24 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022


RAIL

© den-belitsky - stock.adobe.com
Pumps ensure key areas of rail
infrastructure can function as they should
The Severn Tunnel is a vital link between England and South Wales with construction
completed in 1886 but the presence of a natural spring meant the Sudbrook pumping
station had to be built to keep the tunnel operational.
Work has just been completed by Network Rail on replacing the 14 pumps – a job that
takes place every 30 years.
Linde’s hydrogen Each pump weighs 1.65 tons and requires lifting out of a 60-metre-deep shaft before
they are taken apart and the replacements installed.
refueling system has a Project manager Peter Caulfield explained: “We had to work with our pumping station
capacity of around colleagues to ensure that specific pumps were switched off during the replacement. We
1,600 kgs of hydrogen also had to ensure that there were enough pumps working to keep the Severn Tunnel
operational, as we didn’t want to disrupt journeys.
per day, making it one of “The scale of the pumps was also a challenge. Thankfully, the main pump house houses a
the largest ever built. 10-ton crane that could lift the pumps out of the shafts. Our team on the ground could then
remove each section from the pump house so we could get the new ones in.”
Ultimately the new pumps will also ensure fewer closures of the tunnel for maintenance
and improve journey reliability.

gaseous hydrogen to the right pressure. An ionic Subsequently, the temperature of the cryogenic hoped that within five years on-site electrolysis
liquid, which does not bond with the gas, is gas is increased up to the fuelling temperature can be set up to lower the cost putting it on a par
compressed along with the hydrogen acting as of −40°C. Significantly, because it compresses with diesel.
both a lubricant and coolant. liquid hydrogen directly, the cryopump only needs Alstom is set to supply another 27 Coradia
10–20% of the energy required by a conventional iLint trains to Frankfurt in Germany, and the
Purity levels compressor. The compressed hydrogen then flows company has further contracts in place from Italy
By eliminating the need for lubricants, the IC through a sophisticated cooling system directly and France.
protects the hydrogen from contamination into the train. In the short-term, efforts are being made to
ensuring high purity levels, ideal for fuel cell Each train can run 1,000 km on a single make diesel trains more economical. For example,
applications. refueling with a total capacity of around 1,600 kgs in 2018, Edinburgh-based Artemis Intelligent
The liquid hydrogen then flows into the of hydrogen per day. Power – now part of Danfoss – tested its digital
first of two pump chambers at a temperature of hydraulic pump technology on a train operated by
−253°C. This two-chamber system is completely Green mobility ScotRail.
immersed in the cryogenic liquid. Müslüm Yakisan, president of Alstom in
The upward movement of the piston Germany, Austria and Switzerland, said: “The Fuel savings
compresses the hydrogen to approximately six world’s first hydrogen train, the Coradia iLint, The pump replaced the auxiliary drives used for
bar and simultaneously pumps it into the second demonstrates a clear commitment to green power cooling fans and electricity generation
chamber. There, it is further compressed to 900 mobility combined with the latest technology.” which use up to 15% of the engine’s fuel. Artemis
bar where it is gaseous and at the right pressure Currently, the hydrogen is provided from said the technology demonstrated fuel savings
for fueling vehicles. industry where it is a waste product but it is of 9,900 litres of diesel per carriage, per year.
Across a fleet of trains, it was estimated that
CO2 emissions could be cut by more than 4,000
tonnes.
Whatever the case, the clock is ticking for the
rail industry – the question remains whether the
4 technology, be it hydrogen, electricity or another
alternative, can meet the deadline.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR


This article was written by Andrew Smith, a
freelance writer
Email: northstarcomms@outlook.com

CONTACTS
Linde: www.linde.com
Alstom: www.alstom.com
Network Rail: www.networkrail.co.uk
Danfoss: www.danfoss.com

September/October 2022 www.worldpumps.com // 25


PRODUCT FOCUS

Diaphragm barrier the


critical choice in food and
beverage production
Sterility and hygiene are essential in food and beverage
manufacturing – requirements that can put extraordinary
demands on equipment.

1. Contamination attributable to a
diaphragm’s rough surface can be eliminated
by the smooth inert surface of the barrier.

2. The versatility of AODD pumps makes


F ood and beverage is a highly regulated sector
but at the same time, producers want to create
the most efficient and reliable environments to
manufacture their products and so enable the best
financial returns.
Pumps are no exception when it comes to meeting
these demands. Diaphragm pumps are commonly used as
they contain few moving parts such as bearings or other
components that will come into contact with the media being
The right choice for
reliable pumping
Purest PTFE resins, used for Saint-Gobain
Flex Barrier materials used in diaphragms
and valves, comply with the following
regulations:
• FDA 21 CFR 177.1550
• (EC) No 1935/2004
them an ideal choice for many food and processed. They are also robust and ideal for applications
beverage production stages.
• (EU) No 10/2011
where fluids and other materials need transporting. • (EC) No 23/2006 (GMP)
3. Saint-Gobain’s flexible barrier materials However, a suitable barrier material needs to be used to • USP Class VI
provide exceptional barrier properties for
diaphragms, enabling them to withstand as
ensure strict hygiene requirements and production targets are • 3-A Sanitary Standard
much as over ten million flex cycles. maintained throughout the production process.

26 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022


FOOD & BEVERAGE
Did you know?
Saint-Gobain’s Flex barrier 4. It is essential that pumping
systems use diaphragms that can
diaphragm materials have almost be disinfected and cleaned without
disassembly decreasing downtime
universal chemical resistance and maintenance.
(Images – all sourced from
and extremely low moisture Shutterstock)

absorption characteristics
of less than 0.01%.

media, it means the diaphragm systems can be


disinfected and cleaned without disassembly
causing potentially costly downtime and
maintenance.
As a result, Chemfilm meets significant food
and beverage processing regulations including:
• FDA 21 CFR 177.1550
• (EC) No 1935/2004
3
• (EU) No 10/2011
• (EC) No 23/2006 (GMP)
• USP Class VI
• 3-A sanitary standard.
resistance to elongation fatigue.
This is reinforced by the relatively High performance
low elongation at break or fracture Saint-Gobain specializes in the development of
strain of at least 280% (min. values) high performance polymer films for an array
and a tensile modulus of 80,000 psi. of applications. The company’s Chemfilm Flex
The flex lifecycle of a typical Barriers can be used as standalone diaphragms
pump diaphragm could number in or bonded to any size of diaphragm to improve its
the tens of millions so it is important flex life and, crucially, reduce permeability.
that these mechanical properties can Having the ability to use Flex Barriers with
improve the flex lives and, therefore, existing diaphragms gives the ultimate in
the overall lifetime of diaphragm flexibility no matter what the process application
pumps, limiting costly maintenance and in use across the plant.
machine downtime due to mechanical stress. Chemfilm Flex Barriers are offered in two
Chemfilm Flex Barriers can offer up to 20,000 primary subfamilies: the FR and LP versions. FR
service hours with little to no mechanical Barrier Films have a lifetime that is up to 70%
2
function loss. higher than alternative premium PTFE films. LP
versions provide higher chemical resistance with
Chemfilm Flex Barriers made by Saint-Gobain Operating temperature permeability reduced by up to 30% compared with
Specialty Films are engineered from the highest While durable materials are essential in terms of the FR Barrier films so providing a significantly
quality virgin polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) strength, they must also be able to perform under improved lifetime compared to modified PTFE
resins to tight tolerances designed to match extreme operating conditions. Significantly, materials.
or even exceed the strict requirements of food Chemfilm materials are also suitable for both In summary, Saint-Gobain has a long history
manufacturing. cryogenic and high-temperature applications, of producing diaphragm materials that far exceed
with an operating temperature range of -254°C to today’s food and beverage manufacturing
Virgin PTFE 260°C (-425°F to 500°F). requirements. By using Chemfilm Flex Barriers,
The use of virgin PTFE is particularly important Another significant element of diaphragm producers in all food and beverage-related sectors
as it is inert in the presence of almost all design is the level of permeability. Choosing a can rest assured they have mitigated the risk of a
chemicals, making it an ideal choice within the suitable diaphragm material such as Chemfilm diaphragm failure or materials contamination.
food manufacturing industry, where cross- that limits or removes vapor pass-through is a
contamination and potential infiltration by vital characteristic for pumping systems within
CONTACT DETAILS
diaphragm erosion need to be avoided. this sector. Chemfilm also offers extremely low
Frank Sonnenschein,
Diaphragm materials with few moisture absorption characteristics (<0.01%).
Business Development Manager
inhomogeneities also minimize the potential In food and beverage manufacturing, several
Saint-Gobain Films and Fabrics
build-up of materials on their surfaces, vastly materials may need to be pumped using the
Frank.Sonnenschein@saint-gobain.com
reducing the potential for cross-contamination. same system meaning efficient cleaning is vital
Tel: +49 (1525) 7438915
Durability is a key factor – the risk of the film to avoid cross-contamination. This means
www.films.saint-gobain.com
splitting can be high if inferior materials are strict standards for cleaning-in-place (CIP) and
used. sterilization-in-place are essential.
Chemfilm Flex Barriers have a tensile With Saint-Gobain’s materials for food grade
strength range with a minimum value of > 25 pumps offering high thermal and chemical
N/mm² (3500 psi), giving them exceptional resistance to acidic and alkaline CIP cleaning

September/October 2022 www.worldpumps.com // 27


CASE STUDY

Together, Graphite Metallizing Corporation and AVI International


present a case study about a power plant in North Dakota that has
had 14 years of reliable operation from bearings in a boiler water
circulating pump – what’s the secret?

The proof is in
the bearing!
B
1

ack in 2008, a 660-megawatt translated into more power going toward the third reason I had picked
power plant in North Dakota sent the grid. Second, these bearings can handle Graphalloy – reliability.”
their Ingersoll Rand boiler water high pressures and extreme temperatures. The “Cliff called us and said, “you’re never going
circulating pump to a pump repair bearings, in this specific power plant pump to believe this,” shares Ford. “The Graphalloy
facility in Torrington, Connecticut. application, are subject to ambient pressure bearings we installed 14 years ago only wore
“After thoroughly inspecting their equipment, of 3,000 lbs. That is extremely high pressure. about one-thousandth of an inch! The bearings
it was determined that AVI could make some And the boiler water is 680°F, so when I learned that just came out for inspection, we are putting
pump and motor upgrades to help them improve that Graphalloy bearings operate reliably in them right back in,” explains Burrell.
pump efficiency and reduce internal losses, temperatures ranging from -450 to 1000°F “Graphalloy materials have been solving
which would enable the power plant to run more (-240 to 535°C), I knew they could withstand the harsh applications for over 100 years and I
efficiently and supply more power to the grid,” operating conditions at this power generation have personally seen the positive results across
states Cliff Burrell, President & CEO of AVI plant. You have to understand that there are less many industries and applications. I’ve known
International, Inc., a pump repair service provider than 300 of these kinds of pumps left operating about Graphalloy for a long time, and the
that has supported electric utilities for the past in the United States,” Burrell continues. “Our Graphalloy team is very accommodating,” says
three decades. highly experienced team at AVI works on 20 to Burrell.
“It is important to consider internal losses,” 30 of these kinds of legacy pumps each year. The “Sometimes we ask them for unrealistic
states Eric Ford, VP of sales & marketing at windings are hand-formed. You can’t just buy things, and they do their darndest to
Graphite Metallizing Corporation. “Every pump replacements from anywhere. There are many accommodate. I’ve never visited their
in operation requires power, and the power your people retired from the industry and only 2–3 headquarters in Yonkers, New York, but they
pump is consuming is power that is not going to aftermarket service companies left to maintain have a small business mentality and they care.”
the grid. One way to reduce losses is to utilize these obsolete pumps.” With chemical resistant, self-lubricating, and
high-temperature bearings that have a low The team at AVI refurbished and upgraded non-galling attributes, Graphalloy can run dry or
coefficient of friction and are non-galling, which this Ingersoll Rand boiler water circulating submerged and operate in a wide range of
allows tighter running clearances. That’s where pump for the North Dakota power plant in 2008 applications. Using Graphalloy can help end users
Graphalloy, a graphite/metal alloy formed from and was pleased to hear that the refurbished solve their toughest bearing problems, improve
molten metal and graphite, can have a significant pump continued to operate well in 2022. “IDP efficiencies, extend equipment life, and achieve
impact,” says Ford. designed these heavy-duty pumps to last, and operational reliability.
“I chose Graphalloy for three key reasons,” the maintenance team at the power plant took
says Burrell. “First, the fact that Graphalloy has excellent care of their equipment,” Burrell
a low coefficient of friction. When you continues. “The plant personnel ABOUT THE AUTHORS
have a bearing that is low friction, were concerned because the Cliff Burrell is President & CEO of AVI
that 960HP – instead of turning pump had not been pulled International, Inc. AVI specializes in the
to heat in the motor from at all for the 14 years since design, upgrade, repair and service of
friction – is going toward AVI refurbished it. So the Submersible Pumping Motor Units. AVI is
pumping water to the boiler, plant’s maintenance one of the world’s leading sales and service
which makes them that team decided to pull this companies focused on electrical generating
much more efficient. For pump for inspection as and wastewater treatment pumps.
this plant, that meant the a preventive measure www.avipumps.com
pump and motor efficiency during a planned outage Eric Ford is Vice President of Sales
and sent it to AVI’s pump & Marketing at Graphite Metallizing
repair facility. It was Corporation, manufacturers of Graphalloy
during that inspection self-lubricating products.
1 & 2. Graphalloy bushing
that we could see evidence of www.graphalloy.com
installed in a housing. 2 Graphalloy’s reliability. That’s

28 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022


Graphalloy_PumpAd_183mmx115mm.qxp_Layout 1 1/17/22 1:40 PM Page 2

Thousands of Pumps
Have Never Seized
Pumps fitted with
GRAPHALLOY® wear
parts survive upsets.
• Run dry and keep running
• Self-lubricating
• Non-galling
• Won’t swell
• Corrosion resistant
• Dimensionally stable
• Improved efficiencies
GRAPHITE METALLIZING • -400˚F to 1000˚F (-240˚C to 535˚C)
CORPORATION

+1.914.968.8400 • www.GRAPHALLOY.com

September/October 2022 www.worldpumps.com // 29


CASE STUDY
© Ivan Kurmyshov - stock.adobe.com

Maintenance, downtime and repair add a huge cost to any


industry and business. This case study shows how
Hydro Australia helped a power plant get back on its feet.

Finite element analysis of


cooling water
pump shaft
A major power plant in Australia had
a pump seizure in one of its cooling
water pumps, which resulted in the
pump shaft dropping to the bottom
of the pump pit. Because the pump
is a large vertical pump, the drop caused major
damage to the shaft, including a significant crack.
The power station had two pumps that were
required to operate both in single operation and
in parallel. Due to the lead time associated with
replacing such a large component, there was no
opportunity to replace the damaged shaft. As a
quick repair method, the crack was machined
away, and a stainless-steel sleeve was shrunk onto
the area to reclaim the same size diameter.
After years of operating with a damaged
rotor, the power company reached out to a
global aftermarket pump service provider with a
dedicated facility in Morwell, Australia, to replace
the damaged shaft and the shaft of its sister
pump. 1

30 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022


MAINTENANCE

“The effect of modifying the shaft design and allowing for


larger radii at the changes of diameter reduced the stresses
from 119.5% to 37%.”
Because of the crack location, the sleeve installed to a wealth of information, including historical The static analysis was completed to assess
in the initial repair required reduction of the data, past drawings, repair methodologies and overall stresses in the pump across all three pump
original shaft sleeve journal by 190mm to ensure other upgrades that had been completed on designs and then further evaluated for the three
that the crack was fully removed. Further previous overhauls. shaft material selections.
complicating the issue was the fact that the OEM To complete the broad scope of the FEA, the Once the static analysis had been completed
specifications had a small radius in the corner aftermarket service provider’s engineers not to find the shaft design with the smallest Von
where the crack was present. only tested the three different shaft designs, but Mises stresses, a modal analysis was completed
At this point, the power station was running tested each design using three different material using the static studies to ensure that there were
two pumps with two different shaft designs: one properties. Those material properties were: no natural resonant frequencies in the shaft
which was modified and another to the OEM 316SS to use as a baseline (following the OEM designs.
specifications. The power plant approached the specification); Duplex 2205; and Super Duplex Resonant frequencies are a pump’s
aftermarket service provider to manufacture two 2507. “kryptonite,” causing vibration when operating
new shafts. Rather than accepting the original To correctly analyze the conditions, the conditions (pump operating speed and the vane
shaft design, which had failed in service, they overall forces being applied to the shaft were pass frequencies) and the resonant frequencies
also requested a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) on required at three major locations on the pump are within +/-10% of these operating frequencies.
three shaft designs: the original OEM shaft with curve: the pump best efficiency point/duty point; When the resonant frequencies are within
a small radius (the original design of the damaged the pump shutoff head; and the maximum flow. 10%, there is a high chance of vibration, which
pump); the original OEM shaft with a large radius These boundary conditions were applied to will reduce bearing life and risk other pump
(a slight modification to the existing design); both a single pump operation and an operation components failing. Operating in a resonant
and the modified shaft with a large radius (a re- of both pumps in parallel. Using these three condition can significantly reduce the mean
engineered design created specifically for these boundary conditions, the overall forces time between repair and allow for other
pumps, at this operational situation). being applied to the shaft were able to be potential problems that could
The shaft material also needed to be completed for the static analysis. The propagate to catastrophic failure.
considered. Since these pumps operate in forces calculated were the rotor mass, Being able to apply the
saltwater environments, the original 316SS was shaft mass, torsional forces caused by Resonant forces for each boundary
found to have pitting present in the exposed areas the motor, thrust loading due to the condition was a time-
of the shaft. The aftermarket service provider forces from the impeller pressure, frequencies are consuming process, with the
was asked to complete FEA testing for material and a radial force that was considered a pump’s three boundary conditions
upgrades that could increase reliability of the
component.
as a safety measure to allow for any
eccentric loading.
“Kryptonite”. being applied to both single
and double pump operation
Constraints were used at both for the three designs under
Scope of work bearing locations (thrust and journal consideration for all three
The aftermarket service provider has performed bearing) to best mimic a real-life pump proposed materials of construction.
regular overhauls and installations for this power operating condition. The constraints used While the calculations were straightforward,
plant for nearly 25 years and has an extensive were the same for single and double pump assuring they were accurate for all conditions
history on these pumps. As such, they have access operation. was vital, as minor changes can cause large

1. Due to significant and potentially


long-term damage caused by a pump
seizure, the power plant opted to
remove one of its large vertical pumps
for further analysis.

2. As part of the project’s scope, a


Finite Element Analysis (FEA) study
was executed for three different shaft
designs for comparison, including the
damaged shaft for reference.

September/October 2022 www.worldpumps.com // 31


MAINTENANCE

differences in overall stresses if not set correctly.


Being able to set the constraints in a way that
would correctly mimic the working conditions of
the pump was also vital, as the journal bearing
was close to the area of concern where the
incident occurred back in 2005.
When the analysis was completed, it revealed
that the highest forces occurred at the shutoff
head condition in single pump operation due to
the higher pressures in the pump casing. Using
this as the maximum stresses, it was found that
the best design was the modified shaft design
(with the shortened shaft sleeve) using the largest
radius permitted (9mm) in the corner where the
shaft had cracked previously.
The analysis also found that the OEM
shaft design was at risk of permanent plastic
deformation should the pump ever operate
against a closed valve head during single pump
operation, where it reached a percentage yield
strength of 119.5%. With the increased radii of
the upgraded design, the percentage yield was
60%, which is much more acceptable. It should
be noted that the pump should never operate
at this condition, this is simply an analysis of a
worst-case scenario to ensure adequate safety
was considered.
It was also discovered that there was a high-
stress area at the thrust collar journal on the
shaft. The OEM design only has a tooling radius
(0.8mm), causing a high-stress concentration
approaching 60% in single pump operation.
Allowing for a 3mm radius at this change of
diameter further reduces the Von Mises stress 4
to 37%, reducing the risk of failure even further.
The effect of modifying the shaft design and
allowing for larger radii at the changes of diameter
reduced the stresses from 119.5% to 37%. There was
negligible difference between the long shaft sleeve was only 13% away from the vane pass frequency; because these pumps occasionally operate at high
and short shaft sleeve design, with only a 0.2% this is compared to the 20% separation for the temperatures to clean the internals of the pump
difference in the percentage of yield strength. short sleeve design. As previously mentioned, casing. The increase in temperature can elevate
Once the shaft design had been finalized, being +/-10% of the resonant frequencies can the corrosion properties of salt water.
the material selection could progress. As the bring unwanted vibration, so the aftermarket The proposal was finalized to use the short
materials were quite similar in terms of analysis service provider strongly pushed for the short sleeve design with increased radii at all diameter
tools (Young’s Modulus, density, and Poisson’s sleeve design to avoid any further complications. changes using the Super Duplex 2507 material.
ratio), the overall Von Mises stresses were similar. The final shaft material that the aftermarket
The Super Duplex 2507 had the best results, service provider suggested was the Super Duplex Results
reaching only a 29.3% yield strength at single 2507. Not only did this material have the best Using the recommended upgrades as specified,
pump shut-off conditions. strength characteristics and lowest percentage the aftermarket service provider was confident
Further modal analysis was completed on of yield strength, it also had the added benefit of that this shaft will last for the remainder of the
both the short and long shaft sleeve designs, being the most corrosion-resistant of the three plant’s operation with an extremely small chance
where it was found that the long sleeve design materials selected. High corrosion-resistance of failure, downtime, and additional costs. The
(closest to the OEM design) Mode One frequency would be an especially beneficial characteristic power plant accepted the proposal, and the shafts
were manufactured by one of the aftermarket
3. Shaft deformation at
service provider’s subsidiaries in British
Mode One frequency, long Columbia, Canada.
sleeve design.

4. Once the static analysis


had been completed, a ABOUT THE AUTHOR
further modal analysis was
completed using the static
Jayden Shaw is a mechanical engineer,
studies to ensure that there serving as Onsite Manager and Condition
were no natural resonant Monitoring Specialist for Hydro Australia.
frequencies in the shaft
designs. Email: jaydenshaw@hydroaustralia.com
www.hydroaustralia.com.au
www.hydroinc.com
3

32 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022


GLOBAL INSIGHTS BROUGHT TO YOU BY

\\
INTO ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING AND TECHNOLOGY
www.eurekam agazine.co.uk
Issue 2 2022
July 2022 w.fa tions.co.uk @fasteninguk
WWW.AEROSPACETESTI

July 20 2

Insid DESIGN | INNOVATE | ENGINEER

// SC
Moving
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Boeing FA S G & A S S E M B LY S O L U T I O N S A N D T E C H N O L O G Y
trainer is
digitally-e
in its
test

2021
July 20 2 November/December
eryMagazine
| MachineryTweets 19 6 S F TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION
k| Machin 26
www.machinery.co.u NOLOGY INSIGHT WWW.NEWELECTRONICS.CO.UK
32

MANUFACTURING TECH MULTICORE AVIONICS DISTRIBUTION PROTOTYPING


OVER A CENTURY OF VOLUME 55 / ISSUE 07
JULY 2022
How avionics is using the
improvements associated
NE talks to Rudy Van
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Using a MVP when
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with multicore operation celebrates 50 years development

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INTERVIEW cs.com
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sites industry worldwide
the voice of the compo
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J U N E 2022
Volume 59 Number 2

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• Nine industry newsletters that are full of


A SPANISH COMPANY IS 3D PRINTING A NASA ALLOY
TO MAKE FUNCTIONING AEROSPIKE ENGINE PARTS

November/December 2021

RESEARCH & DEVELOPM the voice of the composites industry worldwide www.reinforcedplastics.com

Microplastics

mission-critical news and innovation


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COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY
‘ON ANOTHER LEVEL’
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An exclusive interview with Wes Jacklin, McLaren
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• The latest technologies


THE TEAM

Foreword
Editor
Paul Gunton
Tel: +44 (0)7776 441192
paul.gunton@markallengroup.com
Assistant Editor
Liz Nickels Moving stories: FRP’s role in transport’s future
Tel: +44 (0)7597 125425
liz.nickels@markallengroup.com
Production Manager
T his issue has a thread running through it
like reinforcement fiber in resin: transport.
Composites now play such a vital part in that
alternatives, its author is candid about the pros
and cons of carbon fiber reinforced plastic
(CFRP) but in the example studied the outcome
Kyri Apostolou
Tel: +44 (0)20 7501 6779 sector that it is hard to pin a date on when the was lighter in weight and offered a significant
kyri.apostolou@markallengroup.com transition occurred. performance improvement.
In motor racing, however, the moment is a At the other end of the speed and size range,
Production Controller
matter of record: 13 September 1981. That was ships are also exploiting reinforced plastics and in
Jamie Hodgskin
Tel: +44 (0)20 7501 6677 when Formula 1 driver John Watson crashed his this issue we describe an EU project that tested
jamie.hodgskin@markallengroup.com McLaren MP4 during the Italian Grand Prix. The a new vinyl ester resin for use in large-scale ship
car burst into flames and broke in half but Watson building and its author notes that “in recent years,
Design team – protected by the car’s carbon fiber monocoque ecological aspects … have become one of the
Andy Bass, Anna Davie, Louise Green,
construction – walked away. Other teams took biggest drivers of the industry”.
James Sutcliffe, Julie Welby
note and have followed suit ever since. This cannot be overstated or overlooked. The
www.markallengroup.com/brands/metal-powder-report/ Sales
Europe and Rest of World
Reinforced Plastics sat down with the man in
charge of McLaren’s continuing development of
difficulties of recycling reinforced plastic material
are well known and can reflect adversely on the
David Binge composites and you can read what he said to us eco-ambitions of its users. And when recycled
Tel: +44 (0)7895 562123
on page 34 fibers have been reused there have been

• Back issues starting from 2018


SCAN ME!
Find out more on MAG Online Library or by emailing
institutions@markallengroup.com
Titles can be individually ordered or purchased as a collection at a discounted price.

additives biometric computer


FOR
POLYMERS TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOG Y FRAUD & SECURITY

filtration
industryANALYST L E A D I N G T H E W O R L D O F F I LT R AT I O N
fUelCELLS
BULLETIN TECHNOLOGY
membrane

network pumpindustry sealing


SECURITY ANALYST TECHNOLOG
TECHNOLOGY
Y
EUROPUMP/ADVERTISERS

Europump information
Europump is a pan-European organisation composed of national pump EUROPUMP Officials
manufacturer associations in 17 countries. In total the organisation President
comprises more than 450 member companies – manufacturers and
Vanni Vignoli, BluePoint Brussels, Blvd A Reyers 80,
distributors.
BE-1030 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 206 6866
The Executive Council is the board of Europump. Its members
– company presidents, managing directors or CEOs – are elected Interim Secretary General
representatives of their national associations. The Europump President Lisa Kretschmann, BluePoint Brussels, Blvd A Reyers 80,
is the head of the Council. The Council’s work is administered by the BE-1030 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 206 6866,
Interim Secretary General and her staff. Email: secgen@europump.org; www.europump.eu

EUROPUMP Member Associations


AT FMTI, Association of Metaltechnology Industries, Wiedner Hauptstrasse GB British Pump Manufacturers Association – BPMA, The National Metalforming
63, 1045 Vienna, Austria Tel: +43 5 90 900 3468, Centre, 47 Birmingham Road, West Bromwich B70 6PY, UK
Email: schicker@fmti.at, www.fmti.at Tel: +44 121 601 6350, Email: enquiry@bpma.org.uk ,
www.bpma.org.uk
BE Agoria, BluePoint Brussels, Blvd A Reyers 80, 1030 Brussels, Belgium
Tel: +32 2 706 79 32, Email: stijin.pauwels@agoria.be, www.agoria.be GR Union of Greek Metal Industries, Loudovikou Street 1, EVEP Building, 18531
Piraeus, Greece Tel: +30 141 78412, Email: kelly@dppumpsgroup.com,
CH SWISSMEM, Pfingstweidstrasse 102, 8037 Zürich, Switzerland www.dppumps.global
Tel: +41 44 384 41 11, Email: a.gontarz@swissmem.ch, www.swissmem.ch
IT ASSOPOMPE, c/o ANIMA, via Scarsellini 13, 20161 Milan, Italy
CZ Czech Pump Manufacturers' Association – CPMA, Jana Sigmunda 79, 783 50 Tel: +39 02 45 418 531, Email: assopompe@anima.it,
Lutin, Czech Republic Tel: +420 585 652 423, www.anima.it/ass/assopompe
Email: milan.sedlar@sigma-vvu.cz
NL Holland Pomp Groep, c/o Vereniging FME-CWM, Postbus 190, 2700 AD
DE VDMA – Fachverband Pumpen + Systeme, Lyoner Strasse 18, 60528 Zoetermeer, The Netherlands Tel: +31 88 400 8 538, Email: hpgr@fme.nl,
Frankfurt, Germany Tel: +49 69 66 03 12 81, www.fme.nl
Email: christoph.singruen@vdma.org, www.vdma.org
PL Stowarzyszenie Producentow Pomp, ul Wolności 318, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
DK Association of Danish Pump Manufacturers, Ornevej 1, 9230 Svenstrup, Tel: +48 32 777 5 894,
Denmark Tel: +45 25 77 66 77, Email: sss@dkpumps.dk, www.dkpumps.dk Email: grzegorz.pakula@powen.com.pl

FI Teknologiateollisuus, The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries, SE SWEPUMP, PO Box 5510, SE–114 85 Stockholm, Sweden
Eteläranta 10, 00130 Helsinki, Finland Tel: +46 8 782 08 50, Email: swepump@tebab.com,
Tel: +358 40 544 1574, Email: arto.kivirinta@teknologiateollisuus.fi, www.swepump.org
www.teknologiateollisuus.fi
TR POMSAD, Batı Sitesi Mahallesi, FSM Bulvarı 546, 06370 Yenimahalle,
FR EVOLIS, Maison de la Mécanique, 45 rue Louis Blanc, FR - 92400 Courbevoie, Ankara, Turkey Tel: +90 312 255 1073, Email: pomsad@pomsad.org.tr,
France Tel: +33 1 47 17 63 20, Email: contact@evolis.org, www.evolis.org www.pomsad.org

Index to advertisers World Pumps September/October 2022

Gorman-Rupp .......................................................................................... OBC MAG Subscription ...................................................................................... 33

Graphite Metallizing .................................................................................. 29 Pump Industry Awards ..........................................................................IBC

Guangdong Kenflo........................................................................................ 7 Vogelsang .......................................................................................................... 5

Hydro Inc .......................................................................................................IFC Zhejiang Fengyuan................................................................................... 29

34 // www.worldpumps.com September/October 2022


NO
MI
NA
TIO
NS
NO
WO
PE
N

PUMP INDUSTRY
AWARDS 2023

Here’s your chance to shine!


The BPMA’s annual Pump Industry Awards programme has been
Venue:
recognising and rewarding the achievements of pump businesses, Hilton at St G
large and small for over two decades. Throughout that time it eorge’s Park,
Burton on Tren
has become one of the leading events to serve the industrial and t
commercial arena. So, if you or your company have a pump related Date:
Thursday 16 th
success to shout about, these awards provide the perfect platform. March
2023
The gala presentation dinner caps off the awards programme in style,
providing excellent networking opportunities, great food and superb The 2023 Call for Nominations is now open,
entertainment. It’s your chance to celebrate with colleagues, interact so be sure to visit the Pump Industry Awards
with peers, entertain customers and be part of the pump industry’s
website to review the award categories and
biggest and best celebration. Manufacturing and distribution prowess,
product development and application, environmental consideration, skills decide which ones you will be entering!
development and customer support will all be acknowledged through this
wide reaching awards programme. So why not consider which of your
engineering successes are deserving of industry wide recognition, and be
sure to join us at our wonderful new venue - the home of English football
- on Thursday 16th March 2023.

Event Calendar
NOMINATIONS OPEN - 1st June 2022
NOMINATIONS CLOSE - 6th January 2023
JUDGING SESSION - Mid-January 2023 Richard Harden, BPMA President, says of the Pump Industry
Awards, “The pump industry continues to be a hotbed of
FINALISTS ANNOUNCED - 30th January 2023 competitiveness, where the constant search for greater
RSHUDWLRQDO SHUIRUPDQFH DQG LPSURYHG HIͤFLHQFLHV DPRQJVW
VOTING - 6th - 10th February 2023 its broad customer base, demands all those operating within
this important sector to be at the top of their game. This BPMA
WINNERS ANNOUNCED - 16th March 2023 backed awards programme allows the pump industry to come
together in celebration of that drive for engineering excellence.”

www.pumpindustryawards.com
Award Programme Partners

Organised by on behalf of
CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS n CANNERIES n COMMERCIAL LAUNDRIES n TA N N E R I E S

PHARMACEUTICAL PLANTS n WAT E R T R E AT M E N T F A C I L I T I E S n AUTOMOTIVE PLANTS

Gorman-Rupp manufactures a complete line of self-priming, standard centrifugal,


submersible and positive displacement pumps for industry.
Whether your application requires handling abrasive and corrosive liquids or liquids
containing large solids, Gorman-Rupp has the right pump for the job. Our pumps
continue to perform reliably month after month, year after year, in the most
demanding environments.
And, they are all backed by the best distributor network and parts inventory
in the industry. Contact your local Gorman-Rupp distributor today for more
information on how our pumps will meet all your industrial pumping needs.

GORMAN-RUPP PUMPS
P.O. Box 1217 I Mansfield, Ohio 44901-1217 I USA
GRpumps.com PH: 419.755.1011 I FX: 419.755.1251 I grsales@gormanrupp.com
523 © 2022 The Gorman-Rupp Company. Gorman-Rupp Pumps USA is an ISO 9001:2015 and an ISO 14001:2015 Registered Company

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