Port characteristics

and infra-
superstructure. Dixie Lara
Roberto Benitez
Hugo Pajaro
Infra-and
superstructure.
Port performance is essential for the efficiency and
effectiveness of the maritime network.
Port infrastructure can be described by variables such as
number of cranes, maximum draught and storage area at
origin and destination ports.
Port terminals, including container terminals, are composed of integrated infrastructure
and superstructure systems. The construction, maintenance, and upgrade of these
elements require substantial capital investment.
Port
productivity.
Factors influencing productivity are physical, institutional
and organizational.

Physical limiting factors include the area, shape and

layout of the terminal, the amount and type of equipment
available, and the type and characteristics of the vessels
using the terminal. Lack of cranes, insufficient land, oddly
shaped container yards, inadequate berthage, inadequate
gate facilities, and difficult road access are all physical
limiting factors.
Port operator model.
There are five main port management models based on the
respective responsibility of the public and private sectors.
They include the public service port, the tool port, the
landlord port, the corporatized port, and the private service
port.

Public service ports

Tool ports

Landlord ports

Corporatized ports

Private service ports

 Port operator model.

Public service ports: They are commonly a branch
of a government ministry, and most of their
employees are civil servants.

Tool ports: In several cases, a tool port is a

transitional form between a public service port and
a landlord port.

Landlord ports: private operating companies with

the port authority retaining ownership of the land.

 Port operator model.

Corporatized ports: ownership remains public and

often assumed as a majority shareholder.

Private service ports: The port authority is entirely

privatized

Port tariffs.
A port tariff is the reward payable to the port authority for
the rendering of a service.

there are factors that influence in the level of port tariffs.

-Competition in its many forms
-The nature of product
-Port cost
-Special facilities to handle goods
Types of port tariff
-Container Services Tariff
-Marine Tariff