Assessment Test 7 in

Chapter 6

TRUE OR FALSE
1. False – exceed – match
2. False – increases – reduces
3. True
4. False – can – will not
5. False – available soil water – available for use by plants
6. True
7. False – minimizes – maximize
8. False – inactive – dormant
9. False – without – with
10. False- does not – does

MULTIPLE CHOICE
11. B
12.A
13.B
14.D
15.C
16.B

III. DISCUSS YOUR IDEA ABOT THE GIVEN TOPIC

17-18. Pasture Irrigation is Important because as summer approaches and the soil
become dry, forage plants become dormant, drying can begin as late as spring and you
have irrigation, your pasture can provide additional nutrition even in the dry summer
months.
19-20. Pasture essential is not a necessary activity in managing pasture because
pasture is not very laborious compared to other farm job.
Assessment Test 8 in
Chapter 7
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. All (bunos)
7. B
8. B
9. C
10.C
11.False
12.True
13.True
14.False
15.True
16.False
17.True
18.True
19.True
20.True
21.-30. Pros and Cons of the following:
A. Cultural control-
- are practices that reduces pest establishment, reproduction, dispersal, and
survival using practice such as controlled grazing, tilling, controlled burning,
vegetation and hand pulling.
Simplicity and low cost are the primary advantages and;
The disadvantages are few as long as these tactics are compatible with a
farmer’s other management objectives (high yield, mechanization etc.)
B. Biological control-
- a manipulation of a pest natural enemies, with the goal of suppressing the
pest population.
Pros
Self- sustaining
Cheap after start up
It works most of the time
Cons
It’s a slow process
Expensive at star up
 Doesn’t completely destroy a pest
C. IPM (INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT)
- A combination of biological control, cultural and mechanical control pest.
Pros
Reduces the risks of this occurring as the method adapted are natural and;
Can eradicate pests while maintaining the balance of ecosystem.
Cons
Require regular monitoring, it cannot be used for all pest.
D. IWM (INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT)
- uses as a variety of technologies in a single weed management with the
objective to produce optimum crop yield at a minimum cost taking into consideration
economic and socio-economic constrains under a given agro ecosystem.
Pros
It shifts the crop-weed competition in favor of crop
Prevents weed shift towards perennial nature
No danger of herbicide residue in soil or plant
No environmental pollution

Assessment Test 9 in
Chapter 8
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. C
10.D
 Chapter 9
Forage Analysis

Assessment Test 10

1. Harvest and storage

2. Variety(cultivar)
3. Soil fertility
4. Maturity (harvest date)
5. Crop species
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. False
10.False
 Catanduanes State University
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES
Virac, Catanduanes

Name: JOMARI T. TAWAT Schedule:______________

Program/Year/Block: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 3/A Score/Rating: ___________

Activity no. 5
PRINCIPLES OF PASTURE IRRIGATION

IRRIGATION METHOD

Instruction:

1. Look for the different irrigation methods that is used in pasture or in forage
production.
2. Choose at least three (3) methods, draw/layout the setup of the specific irrigation
method and label the parts.
3. Below the drawing/layout, write a brief description and the advantages and
disadvantages of using the particular irrigation method.
4. Write the references at the end of the activity.
 ACTIVITY 6

PASTURE PEST MANAGEMENT

I. Instruction: Fill out the table with the data required.

PEST/
CAUSAL
AFFECTED AFFECTED
ORGANISM/ PREVENTION
FORAGE FORAGE PART
(Insect pest,
diseases, weeds, etc.)
1. Alfalfa Weevil Alfalfa Leaves Early cutting or
early harvesting
2. Yellow Slime Orchardgrass Stalks Good farm
Disease of management, crop
corynebacterium rotation
rathayi
3. Bacterial Stripe, Sorghum Leaves & sheaths Graze for
Pseudomonas livestock, rotate
Andropogonis crops, till old
crops debris into
the soil before
planting.
4. Weevil Larva Clover Leaves Insecticide
application is
needed
5. Leafhopper Potato Leaves Spray with
insecticidal soap

II.
1. Cite the factors to be considered in establishing pasture in connection to
pasture pest management.

Successful pasture establishment is a key factor in ensuring high

levels of production and persistence in improved pasture for the
following factors:

 Pasture selection
 Soil nutrients
 Weed control
 Sowing and seedling method
 Implement weeds and pest control in years preceding
sowing.

2. What is the significance of considering those factors toward successful

 pasture production?

Play an important role in determining whether a pasture becomes

successfully established and influences the types of pasture that will suit the
production environment.

ACTIVITY 7

HARVESTING FORAGE GRASS

1. Provide the procedure/ steps performed in basic forage harvest system

(hay making, silage making, baleage). Choose at least one. (Pictures can be
provided also)
Silage is forage, crop residues or agricultural and industrial by-products preserved by
acids, either artificially added or produced by natural preservation, in the absence of
air.

Process of Silage Making

Construct a surface/trench silo (silage storage structure). One cubic meter/silo

can store 500-600kg of green fodder.
Harvest the crop at 30-35 percent dry matter stage.
Wilt the harvested fodder to bring down DM to 30-35 percent, if required.
Chop the fodder into small pieces of 2-3cm size.
Fill the chopped fodder into the silo
Press the chopped fodder in the silo layer by layer of 30-45cm.
Filling and pressing should be completed as fast as possible.
Use additives during filling of fodder in the silo, if required.
After filling and pressing, seal the silo with thick polyethylene sheet.
Put weight through mud layer/sand bags/ tyres on the sheet to prevent air flow
beneath the sheet.
Open the silo for feeding, minimum after 45 days, as per need.
 Green crop ready for ensiling Chopping of green fodder

Manual filling and pressing of fodder Silo Sealing

 Silage sample Silage feeding

2. List the factors to be considered in achieving the good quality harvest

Type of silo- surface silo are best due to ease of ensiling.

Dry matter of fodder- ideal 30-35 percent
Chop length of fodder- ideal 2-3cm, easy to get compacted.
Pressing/compaction of fodder- as quick as possible to minimize aerobic
fermentation.
Sealing of silo- to check inflow of air and water into silo.
 ACTIVITY NO. 8

FORAGE COMPONENTS, QUALITY AND TESTING

Introduction:

Forage quality can be defining as the capacity of the forage to supply

animal nutrient requirements. It includes the acceptability of the forage, the
chemical composition, and digestibility of the nutrients.

Forage quality includes the characteristics that make forage valuable

to animals, the capacity to supply the animal requirements, the characteristics
of affecting consumption and utilization which are palatability, chemical
composition, and digestibility.

Objective:

 To explain the importance of knowing of forage quality in relation to

animal feeding and growth.

Instruction:

Answer and explain the following questions below.

1. What is the significance of knowing forage quality in forage

production?

The importance of recognizing forage quality is to ensure the nutrient

content of forage that our animals need and here we can see the quality of
forage production.

2. Cite the specific advantages and explain how does forage

quality affects the animal growth and production.
The advantages of forage quality on the animal:
 Animal performance is the ultimate test of forage quality.
 Is to give better feeds to animals
Forage quality affects the growth of animal and production by reduced of
appetite, reduced feed intake and slow release of digestible energy that
result from feeding of poor quality feed, reduces weight gain, milk
production and it is the effect of growth of animal.
 ACTIVITY NO.9
GRAZING MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION:

Grazing is allowing livestock to directly consume the growing forage;

grasses, legumes, and forbs, in a pasture or rangeland. It is harvesting by
animal instead of by machines. Grazing provides good nutrition and other
benefits to the animal and can lead to more productive forage growth. Grazing is
the easiest way to feed livestock for most of the year. It is also the best way to
have healthy plants. Appropriate grazing management is an important tool in
effectively utilizing land resources.

OBJECTIVE:
• To identify and explain the different types of grazing
• To explain the significance of the role of grazing management

Instruction:

1. List the different types of grazing. Choose one, and give the
concept of the chosen type of grazing. Include its benefits and
disadvantages.
Continuous Grazing or Continuous Stocking
Rotational Grazing or Rotational Stocking
Cell Grazing and Time Control Grazing
Spell Grazing
Management Intensive Grazing
Creep Grazing
First-Last Grazing
Strip Grazing
Buffer Grazing
Multi-Species Grazing

CONCEPT OF ROTATIONAL GRAZING

The concept is based on the shifting of livestock to different units of a

pasture or range in regular sequence to permit the recovery and growth of
the pasture plants after grazing.

BENEFITS OF ROTATIONAL GRAZING

Pasture plants benefit from rest with more growth and vigor, animals gain
from a more stable and more nutritious forage supply, and manure is
spread more uniformly.
DISADVANTAGES OF ROTATIONAL GRAZING
Need more fence to be constructed, time required to move livestock, and
the need to have water and access to shade from each smaller paddock.

2. Define grazing and discuss the role of this in managing pasture.

Cite the significance of this toward successful pasture
management.
Grazing is allowing livestock to directly consume the growing forage;
grasses, legumes, and forbs, in a pasture or rangeland and the role of
grazing is it provides good nutrition and other benefits to the animal and
can lead to more productive forage growth.
The importance of pasture management is to provide an economical
source of livestock feeds, reduce labor requirements, build soil tilth and
fertility, and reduce of noxious and poisonous weeds and good
management of pastures are profitable.