24, ‘A particle is moving along a straight line such that its ition i d by 5 = (10 + 20) mm, where ¢ is inc (a) the displacement of the particle during the time interval from r= 1s to t= 5s, (b) the average velocity of the particle during this time interval, and (c) the acceleration when f= 1s SOLUTION = 10P + 20 (a) sh, = 100? + 20 30mm sls, = 105) + 20 = 270 mm As = 270 — 30 = 240mm 240 => = 6 mm/s as B js? (fora (©) a= FE = Wmm/s (forall) Ans: As = 240mm Ying = 60 mm/s 20 mm/s?12-23. If the effects of atmospheric resistance are accounted for, a falling body has an acceleration defined by the equation a= 9Si[1 ~ 2°(10-4)] m/s?, where v is in m/s and the positive direction is downward. If the body is released from. rest at a very high altitude, determine (a) the velocity when 1 = 5s,and (b) the body’s terminal or maximum attainable velocity (as 1 oc). SOLUTION Velocity: The velocity of the particle can be related to the time by appl Gh) aa a - dv [ ae [ 98I[1 — O01] 1 aul “dy fe ] 981 | fy 2 + O0ie) 2(1 — 001e). = gy (1+ Ol 100(e" = 1 oes 0 ra a) When f = 5 s.then, from Eq. (1) 1o0fe™) — 1) en sss Ans. by It Ns then. 1 0 1 then, from Eq. (1 7 met F4.(1) Pan = 10/5 Ans. Ans: (a) v = 455 m/s, (b) Piase = 100 m/salong a straight line meters, If» = 0,5 = 1m Lae is a= 75" mS, where s is i when t = 0, determine the particle's velocity at s = 2m. SOLUTION Velocity: (4) » wer = 1)! m/s When s = 2m,v = 0.781 m/s. Ans.12-33, Asa body is projected to a high altitude above the carth’s surface, the variation of the acceleration of gravity with respect to altitude y must be taken into account. Neglecting air resistance, this acceleration is determined from the formula a= —go[R°/(R + y)?], where gy is the constant gravitational acceleration at sea level, R is the radius of the earth, and the positive direction is measured upward. If & = 9.81 m/s? and R = 6356 km, determine the minimum initial velocity (escape velocity) at which a projectile should be shot vertically from the carth’s surface so that it docs not fall back to the earth. Hint: This requires that » = 0 as yoo. SOLUTION vdv=ady eT fv sor [ (R+yy go R | VigoR V2(9.81)(6356)(10)° = 11167 m/s = 11.2 km/s. Ans,12448. The motion of a jet plane just after landing on a runway is described by the a- graph. Determine the time (” when the jet plane stops. Construet the v-f and s-t graphs for the motion, Here s=0. and v= 150 m/s when = 0. a(m/s*) 168) 10 SOLUTION +4 Graph. The ot function can be determined by integrating dv = a dt. For 0.St< 10s, a=0. Using the initial condition v = 150 m/s at *=0, [ w= fou Isom f v-150=0 v= 150 mls Ans. a= (-10) _ -5~ (-10 For 108<1< 202) = S10) ]m/s?. Using the 10 2 = 10 150 m/s ats=10s, [oat IG 8) initial condition Ans, Atr=20s on = Fe") = 15(20) + 275 = 75 mis For 20s On = B= gy = 220 m/s ‘Thus, the magnitude of the acceleration is a= Vib = = VQSmp + 2AM = 8.2240 m/s? = 8.22 m/e Ans. And its direction is defined by angle ¢ measured from the negative ve (8) ne 2) = 1727 = 173° Ans.1143. ‘The particle travels with a constant speed of 300 mm/s along the curve. Determine the particle’s acceleration when it is located at point (200 mm, 100 mm) and sketch this vector on the curve. SOLUTION dy tlecam 7 05 wy| 40(10) | = = 5(107) @lm ee) = VP + G22F = 322 mm/s? dy since ince @ = tan“(-0.5) = 66°F x(mm) , as 322.902 Ans. Ans.12-161. Ifa particle’s position is described by the polar coordinates r= (2sin 20) m and @ = (41) rad, where ¢ is in seconds, determine the radial and transverse components of its velocity and acceleration when t = 1s. SOLUTION When = 1s, o=4r=4 r= 2sin 20 = 1.9787 = 4.c0s 204 = 2.3280 ¥ = -8 sin 20(8)? + 8 cos 206 = -126.638 2.33 m/s 6 = 1.9787(4) = 7.91 m/s (0)? = 126.638 — (1.9787)(4)? = —158 m/s? 16 + 248 = 1.9787(0) + 2(—2.3280)(4) = 18.6 m/s? Ans, Ans. Ans, Ans,12-163. A radar gun at rotates with the angular velocity of 4 = 0.1 rad/s and angular acceleration of = 0.025 rad/s*, ‘at the instant @ = 45°, as it follows the motion of the car traveling along the circular road having a radius of r= 20) m. Determine the magnitudes of velocity and acceleration of the car at this instant, SOLUTION Time Derivatives: Since r is constant, 0 Velocity: 0 0g = 18 = 200(0.1) = 20. m/s ‘Thus, the magnitude of the car's velocity Vor tof = VIPS OP = 20 mys Acceleration: 18 = 0 ~ 2000.17) = —2 m/s? + 240 = 20010025) + 0 = Sm/s? ‘Thus, the magnitude of the car's acceleration is Var + ag = V(-2y + ¥ 39 m/s Ans. 200m12-167. ‘The slotted link is pinned at O, and as a result of the constant angular velocity @ = 3 rad/s it drives the peg P for a short distance along the spiral guide r = (0.4 6) m, where @ is in radians. Determine the radial and transverse components of the velocity and acceleration of P at the instant @ = 7/3 rad. SOLUTION 3 rad/s ALO= 1.20 m/s Ans. 0.4189(3) = 1.26 m/s Ans. — r= 0 — 0.41893)? = —3.77 m/s? Ans. dy = 8 + 278 = 0 + 2(1.20)(3) = 7.20 m/s? Ans.12478. Determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the slider blocks in Prob. 12-177 when @= 150°, SOLUTION Acceleration. Using the chain rule, the first and second time derivatives of r can be determined 1 = 200(2 ~ cos) = 200 (sin )8 = {200 (sin @)4} mm/s F = {200{(cos 0)6? + (sin 9)8] } mm/s? Here, since @ is constant, = 0. Since @ isin the opposite sense to that of positive ®, @ = ~6 rad/s. Thus,at @ = 150° = 200(2 — cos 150°) = 573.21 mm F = 200(3in 150")(—6) = —600 mm/s # = 200[ (cos 150°)(—6)? + sin 150°(0)] = 6235.38 mm/s? “The radial and transverse components of the acceleration are 4, =F ~ 1? = ~6235.38 ~ $73.21 (—6)? = —26870.77 mm/s? = —26.87 m/e ay = 18 + 276 = S73.21(0) + 2(-600)(—6) = 7200 mm/s? = 7.20 m/e “Thus, the magnitude of the acceleration is a= Va +h = V- 26879 + 720 = 27.82 m/e = 278 m/s Ans. ‘These components are shown in Fig. a,12-186, A truck js traveling along the horizontal eircular curve of radius r = 60 m with a speed of 20 m/s which is increasing at 3m/s%. Determine the truck's radial and transverse components of acceleration. SOLUTION Ans.12-208. Ifthe end A of the cable is moving at 4 ~3 m/s. determine the speed of block B. SOLUTION Position Coordinates. The positions of pulley 8, 2) and point A are specified by position coordinates sp, 5p and s, respectively as shown in Fig. a. The pulley system consists of two cords which give 259+ p= h wo and (84~ Sp) + (b ~ Sp) = sa 2s =h-b @ Time Derivative. Taking the time derivatives of Figs. (1) and (2), we get 2vp + vp =0 o U4 — 2p =0 “ Eliminate vy from Eqs (3) and (4), v4 + doy =0 eo Hiere 114 = +3 m/s since itis directed toward the positive sense of 5 ‘Thus 3+ dug =0 vy = 0.75 m/s = 0.75 m/s. < Ans. The negative sign indicates that vp is directed toward the negative sense of sy. Datu @12-217. At the instant shown, the car at Ais traveling at 10 m/s around the curve while increasing its speed at 5 m/s?. ‘The carat Bis traveling at 18.5 m/salong the straightaway and increasing its speed at 2 m/s?, Determine the relative velocity and relative acceleration of A with respect to B at this instant. SOLUTION v4 = 1eos 45° ~ 10 sin 45°] = {7.0714 ~ 7.071j)} m/s up = (185i} m/s eae {=114295 = 7.071j} m/s aye 134m/s 6 = tan" (an (ay, = Sm/s? ay = (Sos 45° — 1 eos 45° + (1 sin 45° — 3 sin 45 (2.8281 — 4.243§) m/s {28} m/s aye = a ~ Uy 28281 — 4.243)) — 24 = (0.828% — 4.244] m/e digjp = VO828 + (4.243)? = 4.32 m/s 4243 tae OP 6 = tan Ans. Ans."12-220, ‘Two planes, A and B,are flying at the same altitude. If their velocities are vy = 500km/h and vp = 700km/h such that the angle between their straight-line courses is 6 = 60, determine the velocity of plane B with respect to plane A. SOLUTION Rel Velo Express vj and vin Cartesian vector form, va = {-500]} km/h Yg = {700sin 60% + 700 cos 60%} km/h = {350V3i +350) } km/h Applying the relative velocity equation, Vy = Va + Yaa 350V3i + 350j = —500j + vaya soa = (350V3 + 8509} km/h ‘Thus, the magnitude of vp is spa = VG@SOVEF > BHF = 104408 km/h = 04 Km/h Am And its direction is defined by angle Fig. a. Ans.12-231, At the instant shown, car A travels along the straight portion of the road with a speed of 25 m/s. At this same stant car B travels along the circular portion of the road with a speed of 15 m/s. Determine the velocity of car B relative to car A. SOLUTION Velocity: Referring to Fig. a, the vel vector form are v4 = [25 e08 30 ‘of cars A and B expressed in Cartesian = 25 sin 30° j] m/s = [21.651 — 12.5j] m/s 4 Vg = [15 e0s 15° i ~ 15 sin 15°] m/s = [14.495 — 3.882}] m/s Applying the relative velocity equation, ve= Vat Yaa fea 14.491 — 3.882) = 21.651 — 12.5) + vaya Go), hosel Vga = [-7.1624 + 8.618j] m/s ‘Thus, the magnitude of va is given by pia = VTABS + 8618 = 11.2 m/s Ans, ay jhe Verismls Ot ok ‘The direction angle @, of ¥j;4 measured down from the negative x axis, Fig. b is sis n= = 503° ns. (sha) = a