UNIVERSE

Cy - The Solar System is the system of planets that orbit the Sun. It formed 4.6 billion years ago
from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. Most of the system's mass
is in the Sun, with most of the remaining mass contained in Jupiter. The asteroid belt is a region
of space between Mars and Jupiter. The Kuiper belt and scattered disc are populations of
objects composed mostly of ice and rock. Various small-body populations, including comets,
centaurs and interplanetary dust clouds, freely travel between them.

Armenta - Meteoroids are objects significantly smaller than asteroids, ranging in size from
grains to objects up to a meter wide. Most are fragments from comets or asteroids, whereas
others are collision impact debris ejected from bodies such as the Moon or Mars. Meteors
typically become visible when they are about 100 km above sea level.

janea - A comet is an icy Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and
begins to release gases. This produces a visible atmosphere or coma, and sometimes also a
tail. If sufficiently bright, a comet may be seen from Earth without the aid of a telescope. Comets
have an extended, gravitationally unbound atmosphere surrounding their central nucleus.
extinct comets that have passed close to the Sun many times have lost nearly all of their volatile
ices and dust. Asteroids are thought to have a different origin from comets.

ASTRONOMY
markho - The Big Bang is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an
initial state of high density and temperature. Various cosmological models of the Big Bang
explain the evolution of the observable universe. Physics currently lacks a widely accepted
theory of quantum gravity that can successfully model the earliest conditions of the cosmos. The
theory holds that the universe began at a singularity 13.787±0.020 billion years ago, when
matter and antimatter were at their most primitive.

kaye - A telescope is an optical device that helps enlarge distant objects. It gathers and
concentrates electromagnetic waves as well as light. There are two main types of telescopes:
refracting and reflecting. Refracting telescopes are typically smaller and more portable, while
reflecting telescopes are larger and more expensive.

EARTH FOUR SPHERES

Tina - Geosphere may be taken as collective name for the hydrosphere, cryosphere, and
atmosphere. In Aristotelian physics, geosphere was applied to four spherical natural places,
concentrically nested around the center of the Earth. The term lithosphere refers to the
uppermost layers of the solid Earth - oceanic crustal rocks and uppermost mantle.

kram - Hydrosphere is the combined mass of water on, under, and above the surface of Earth. It
includes water in gaseous, liquid and frozen forms such as soil moisture, groundwater and
permafrost. Earth's hydrosphere has been around for 4 billion years but continues to change
shape.
heart - An atmosphere is a layer of gas or layers of gases that envelop a planet. It is held in
place by the gravity of the planetary body. Earth's atmosphere is composed of nitrogen (78%),
oxygen (21%), argon (0.9%) and trace gases.

cess - The biosphere (from Greek bíos "life" and sphaira "sphere") is the worldwide sum of all
ecosystems. It is postulated to have evolved, beginning with life created naturally from non-
living matter, some 3.5 billion years ago. Biospheres are any self-regulating systems containing
ecosystems.

ROCKS
christita - The rock cycle describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock
types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. Each rock type is altered when it is forced out of
its equilibrium conditions. This makes rock change a geologic cycle and, on planets containing
life, a biogeochemical cycle.

jhoy - Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particles to settle in
place. Rocks are deposited in layers as strata, forming a structure called bedding. Sedimentary
rocks have also been found on Mars. Sedimentology is part of both geology and physical
geography and overlaps partly with other disciplines.

MINERALS
jaenelle - A mineral or mineral species is a solid chemical compound with a well-defined
chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form. It is
distinct from rock, which is any bulk solid geologic material that is relatively homogeneous at a
large enough scale. As of September 2022, the International Mineralogical Association (IMA)
recognizes 5,849 official mineral species. The chemical composition of a mineral species may
vary somewhat by the inclusion of small amounts of impurities. Some mineral species can be
split into separate species, more or less arbitrarily, forming a mineral group.