Unity (Game Engine)

10/15/22, 7:52 PM Unity (game engine) - Wikipedia
Unity (game engine)

Unity is a cross-platform game engine developed by Unity
Technologies, first announced and released in June 2005 at Unity
Apple Worldwide Developers Conference as a Mac OS X game
engine. The engine has since been gradually extended to
support a variety of desktop, mobile, console and virtual
Developer(s) Unity
reality platforms. It is particularly popular for iOS and
Android mobile game development and is considered easy to Technologies
use for beginner developers and is popular for indie game Stable release 2022.1.13 (Tech
development.[6] Stream)
2021.3.8f1 (LTS)
The engine can be used to create three-dimensional (3D) and /
two-dimensional (2D) games, as well as interactive
August 11,
simulations and other experiences.[7][8] The engine has been
2022[1]
adopted by industries outside video gaming, such as film,

automotive, architecture, engineering, construction, and the August 9, 2022[2]
United States Armed Forces.[9] Preview release 2022.2.0b4
(Beta)
2023.1.0a4
Contents (Alpha)
/
August 8, 2022[3]
History July 28, 2022[4]

Unity 2.0 (2007)
Written in C++ (runtime)[5]
Unity 3.0 (2010)
Unity 4.0 (2012) C# (Unity
Scripting API)
Unity 5 (2015)
Unity (2017–present) Platform See § Supported
platforms
Overview
Supported platforms License Proprietary
Licensing model software
Unity Asset Store Website unity.com (https://
Usage unity.com)
Video games List of games
Non-gaming industries uses
Unity Technologies Japan mascot
See also
References
External links
History
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_(game_engine) 1/15
The Unity game engine launched in 2005, aiming to "democratize" game development by making
it accessible to more developers.[7][10] The next year, Unity was named runner-up in the Best Use
of Mac OS X Graphics category in Apple Inc.'s Apple Design Awards.[11] Unity was initially
released for Mac OS X, later adding support for Microsoft Windows and Web browsers.[12]
Unity 2.0 (2007)
Unity 2.0 launched in 2007 with approximately 50 new features.[13] The release included an
optimized terrain engine for detailed 3D environments, real-time dynamic shadows, directional
lights and spotlights, video playback, and other features.[13] The release also added features
whereby developers could collaborate more easily.[13] It included a Networking Layer for
developers to create multiplayer games based on the User Datagram Protocol, offering Network
Address Translation, State Synchronization, and Remote Procedure Calls.[13]
When Apple launched its App Store in 2008, Unity quickly added support for the iPhone.[12] For
several years, the engine was uncontested on the iPhone and it became well-known with iOS game
developers.[7]
Unity 3.0 (2010)
Unity 3.0 launched in September 2010 with features expanding the engine's graphics features for
desktop computers and video game consoles.[14] In addition to Android support, Unity 3 featured
integration of Illuminate Labs' Beast Lightmap tool, deferred rendering, a built-in tree editor,
native font rendering, automatic UV mapping, and audio filters, among other things.[14]
In 2012 VentureBeat wrote, "Few companies have contributed as much to the flowing of
independently produced games as Unity Technologies. [...] More than 1.3 million developers are
using its tools to create gee-whiz graphics in their iOS, Android, console, PC, and web-based
games. Unity wants to be the engine for multi-platform games, period."[15] A May 2012 survey by
Game Developer magazine indicated Unity as its top game engine for mobile platforms.[16]
Unity 4.0 (2012)
In November 2012, Unity Technologies delivered Unity 4.0.[17] This version added DirectX 11 and
Adobe Flash support, new animation tools called Mecanim, and access to the Linux preview.[17]
Facebook integrated a software development kit for games using the Unity game engine in
2013.[18] This featured tools that allowed tracking advertising campaigns and deep linking, where
users were directly linked from social media posts to specific portions within games, and easy in-
game-image sharing.[18] In 2016, Facebook developed a new PC gaming platform with Unity.[19]
Unity provided support for Facebook's gaming platforms, and Unity developers could more
quickly export and publish games to Facebook.[19]
Unity 5 (2015)
The Verge said of 2015's Unity 5 release: "Unity started with the goal of making game development
universally accessible. [...] Unity 5 is a long-awaited step towards that future."[20] With Unity 5,
the engine improved its lighting and audio.[21] Through WebGL, Unity developers could add their
games to compatible Web browsers with no plug-ins required for players.[21] Unity 5.0 offered
real-time global illumination, light mapping previews, Unity Cloud, a new audio system, and the
Nvidia PhysX 3.3 physics engine.[21] The fifth generation of the Unity engine also introduced
Cinematic Image Effects to help make Unity games look less generic.[22] Unity 5.6 added new
lighting and particle effects, updated the engine's overall performance, and added native support
for Nintendo Switch, Facebook Gameroom, Google Daydream, and the Vulkan graphics API.[23] It
introduced a 4K video player capable of running 360-degree videos for virtual reality.[23]
However, some gamers criticized Unity's accessibility due to the high volume of quickly produced
games published on the Steam distribution platform by inexperienced developers.[24] CEO John
Riccitiello said in an interview that he believes this to be a side-effect of Unity's success in
democratizing game development: "If I had my way, I'd like to see 50 million people using Unity –
although I don't think we're going to get there any time soon. I'd like to see high school and college
kids using it, people outside the core industry. I think it's sad that most people are consumers of
technology and not creators. The world's a better place when people know how to create, not just
consume, and that's what we're trying to promote."[25]
Unity (2017–present)
In December 2016, Unity Technologies announced that they would change the versioning
numbering system for Unity from sequence-based identifiers to year of release to align the
versioning with their more frequent release cadence; Unity 5.6 was therefore followed by Unity
2017.[26] Unity 2017 tools featured a real-time graphics rendering engine, color grading and
worldbuilding, live operations analytics and performance reporting.[27] Unity 2017.2 underscored
Unity Technologies' plans beyond video games.[27] This included new tools such as Timeline,
which allowed developers to drag-and-drop animations into games, and Cinemachine, a smart
camera system within games.[27] Unity 2017.2 also integrated Autodesk's 3DS Max and Maya tools
into the Unity engine for a streamlined asset sharing in-game iteration process.[28]
Unity 2018 featured the Scriptable Render Pipeline for developers to create high-end graphics.[29]
This included the High-Definition Rendering Pipeline for console and PC experiences, and the
Lightweight Rendering Pipeline for mobile, virtual reality, and augmented reality.[29] Unity 2018
also included machine learning tools, such as Imitation Learning, whereby games learn from real
player habits, support for Magic Leap, and templates for new developers.[29]
The C# source code of Unity was published under a "reference-only" license in March 2018, which
prohibits reuse and modification.[30]
As of 2020, software built with Unity's game engine was running on more than 1.5 billion devices.
According to Unity, apps made with their game engine account for 50 percent of all mobile games,
and are downloaded more than 3 billion times per month, and approximately 15,000 new projects
are started daily with its software.[31][32] Financial Times reported that Unity's engine "powers
some of the world's most lucrative mobile games", such as Pokémon Go and Activision's Call of
Duty Mobile.[33]
In June 2020, Unity introduced the Mixed and Augmented Reality Studio (MARS), which provides
developers with additional functionality for rules-based generation of augmented reality (AR)
applications.[34] Unity released Unity Forma, an automotive and retail solution tool, on December
9, 2020.[35]
Unity acquired Finger Food Advanced Technology Group in 2020, as it aimed to bolster its non-
video game uses and offer additional design help to customers.[31][32] The company went public in
September 2020, to further expand use of its game engine into industries outside of gaming.[36]
Unity 2021 brought multiple new features such as Bolt, Unity's Visual Scripting system, a new
multiplayer library to support multiplayer games, improved Il2cpp runtime performance,
Volumetric clouds for the High Definition Render pipeline.[37] Shadow caching and Screen Space
Global Illumination for HDRP.[38] For the Universal Render Pipeline it added new features such as
point light shadows, Deferred renderer and general core engine improvements and fixes.[39][40]
Overview
Unity gives users the ability to create games and experiences in both 2D and 3D, and the engine
offers a primary scripting API in C# using Mono, for both the Unity editor in the form of plugins,
and games themselves, as well as drag and drop functionality.[41] Prior to C# being the primary
programming language used for the engine, it previously supported Boo, which was removed with
the release of Unity 5,[42] and a Boo-based implementation of JavaScript called UnityScript, which
was deprecated in August 2017, after the release of Unity 2017.1, in favor of C#.[43][44]
Within 2D games, Unity allows importation of sprites and an advanced 2D world renderer. For 3D
games, Unity allows specification of texture compression, mipmaps, and resolution settings for
each platform that the game engine supports,[45] and provides support for bump mapping,
reflection mapping, parallax mapping, screen space ambient occlusion (SSAO), dynamic shadows
using shadow maps, render-to-texture and full-screen post-processing effects.[46]
Two separate render pipelines are available, High Definition Render Pipeline (HDRP) and
Universal Render Pipeline (URP), in addition to the legacy built-in pipeline.[47] All three render
pipelines are incompatible with each other.[48] Unity offers a tool to upgrade shaders using the
legacy renderer to URP or HDRP.
Supported platforms
Unity is a cross-platform engine.[49] The Unity editor is supported on Windows, macOS, and the
Linux platform, while the engine itself currently supports building games for more than 19
different platforms, including mobile, desktop, consoles, and virtual reality.[50][51] Unity 2020 LTS
officially supports the following platforms:[52]
Mobile platforms iOS,[53] Android[53] (Android TV[54]), tvOS;[55]

Desktop platforms Windows[53] (Universal Windows Platform[56]), Mac,[10] Linux;[57]
Web platform WebGL;[51]
Console platforms PlayStation (PS4,[53] PS5[58]), Xbox (Xbox One,[10] Xbox Series X/S[59]),
Nintendo Switch,[53] Stadia;[60]
Virtual/Extended reality platforms Oculus,[53] PlayStation VR,[61] Google's ARCore,[62] Apple's
ARKit,[63] Windows Mixed Reality[64] (HoloLens[65]), Magic Leap,[66] and via Unity XR SDK[67]
Steam VR,[68] Google Cardboard.[69]
Formerly supported platforms are Wii,[70] Wii U,[71] PlayStation 3,[72] Xbox 360,[72] Tizen,[73]
PlayStation Vita,[74] 3DS,[75] BlackBerry 10,[76] Windows Phone 8,[76] Samsung Smart TV,[77]
Gear VR,[51] Daydream,[78] Vuforia,[62] and Facebook Gameroom.[78] Unity formerly supported
other platforms including its own Unity Web Player, a Web browser plugin.[57] However, it was
deprecated in favor of WebGL.[79] Since version 5, Unity has been offering its WebGL bundle
compiled to JavaScript using a 2-stage language translator (C# to C++ and finally to
JavaScript).[80]
Unity was the default software development kit (SDK) used for Nintendo's Wii U video game
console, with a free copy included by Nintendo with each Wii U developer license. Unity
Technologies called this bundling of a third-party SDK an "industry first".[15][81]
Licensing model
During its first ten years as a product, the paid versions of Unity were sold outright; in 2016, the
corporation changed to a subscription model.[78] Unity has free and paid licensing options. The
free license is for personal use or smaller companies generating less than $100,000 annually, later
raised to $200,000, and the subscriptions are based on revenues generated by the games using
Unity.[82][51] The paid option, Unity Pro, had been required for developers that had over
$200,000 in annual revenue, but this also could have been provided for console developers
through a Preferred Platform License from the console manufacturer. The Unity Pro keys would
have been part of the other SDK from the console manufacturer that the developer paid for. In
June 2021, Unity changed this plan slightly to require any developer making games on the closed
console systems (PlayStation, Nintendo Switch, and Xbox) regardless of revenue to have a Unity
Pro license or a Preferred Platform License Key from the manufacturers. Sony and Nintendo
provide this as part of the SDK, but Microsoft had yet to implement this functionality for their
SDK.[83] The engine source code is licensed on a "per-case basis via special arrangements".[84]
Unity Asset Store
Creators can develop and sell user-generated assets to other game makers via the Unity Asset
Store. This includes 3D and 2D assets and environments for developers to buy and sell.[85] Unity
Asset Store launched in 2010. By 2018, there had been approximately 40 million downloads
through the digital store.[86]
Usage
Video games
The engine is used in games including Pokémon Go, Monument Valley, Call of Duty: Mobile, Beat
Saber and Cuphead according to the Financial Times.[87]
As of 2018, Unity had been used to create approximately half of the mobile games on the market
and 60 percent of augmented reality and virtual reality content,[88] including approximately 90
percent on emerging augmented reality platforms, such as Microsoft HoloLens, and 90 percent of
Samsung Gear VR content.[82] Unity technology is the basis for most virtual reality and augmented
reality experiences, and Fortune said Unity "dominates the virtual reality business".[89][90][91]
Unity Machine Learning Agents is open-source software whereby the Unity platform connects to
machine learning programs, including Google's TensorFlow.[92] Using trial and error in Unity
Machine Learning Agents, virtual characters use reinforcement learning to build creative
strategies in lifelike virtual landscapes.[92] The software is used to develop robots and self-driving
cars.[92]
Non-gaming industries uses
In the 2010s, Unity Technologies used its game engine to transition into other industries using the
real-time 3D platform, including film and automotive.[93][94] Unity first experimented in
filmmaking with Adam, a short film about a robot escaping from prison. Later, Unity partnered
with filmmaker Neill Blomkamp, whose Oats Studios used the engine's tools, including real-time
rendering and Cinemachine, to create two computer-generated short films, Adam: The Mirror and
Adam: The Prophet.[93] At the 2017 Unite Europe conference in Amsterdam, Unity focused on
filmmaking with Unity 2017.1's new Cinemachine tool.[85] In 2018, Disney Television Animation
launched three shorts, called Baymax Dreams, that were created using the Unity engine.[95] The
Unity engine was also used by Disney to create backgrounds for the 2019 film The Lion King.[96]
Automakers use Unity's technology to create full-scale models of new vehicles in virtual reality,
build virtual assembly lines, and train workers.[94] Unity's engine is used by DeepMind, an
Alphabet Inc. company, to train artificial intelligence.[97] Other uses being pursued by Unity
Technologies include architecture, engineering, and construction.[98]
Unity Technologies Japan mascot

On December 16, 2013, Unity Technologies Japan revealed an official mascot character named
Unity-chan (ユニティちゃん, Yuniti-chan), real name Kohaku Ōtori (大鳥こはく, Ōtori Kohaku)
(voiced by Asuka Kakumoto). The character's associated game data was released in early
2014.[99][100] The character was designed by Unity Technologies Japan designer "ntny" as an
open-source heroine character.[101] The company allows the use of Unity-chan and related
characters in secondary projects under certain licenses.[102] For example, Unity-chan appears as a
playable character in Runbow.[103]
See also
List of game engines
List of Unity games
List of WebGL frameworks
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20151013035536/http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2015/08/exclusive_check_out_runbows_c
omplete_cast_of_colourful_crossover_characters) from the original on October 13, 2015.
Retrieved November 27, 2015.
External links
Official website (https://unity.com)
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Unity (Game Engine) - Wikipedia

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10/15/22, 7:52 PM Unity (game engine) - Wikipedia

adopted by industries outside video gaming, such as film,

History July 28, 2022[4]

Unity 2.0 (2007)

Unity 3.0 (2010)

Unity 4.0 (2012)

Mobile platforms iOS,[53] Android[53] (Android TV[54]), tvOS;[55]

Unity Asset Store

Non-gaming industries uses

Unity Technologies Japan mascot

44. "GitHub - UnityScript" (https://github.com/Unity-Technologies/unityscript). Unity Technologies.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unity_(game_engine)&oldid=1115824182"

This page was last edited on 13 October 2022, at 11:37 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0;

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