CAD/CAM

UNIT I: COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

Laying the Foundation

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CONTENT

−SKETCHING

−VISUALIZATION

−CREATIVITY AND DESIGN PROCESS

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SKETCHING

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INTRODUCTION

−One of the primary modes of communication in the initial stages

of the design process.

−Creative thinking.

Sketches for a bathroom remodel.

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SKETCHING LINES, CURVES AND
CONSTRUCTION LINES
−Basic shapes made from lines and circles.

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SKETCHING LINES, CURVES AND
CONSTRUCTION LINES

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SKETCHING LINES, CURVES AND
CONSTRUCTION LINES

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COORDINATE SYSTEMS

−3-D coordinate system is that

space can be represented by
three mutually perpendicular
coordinate axes, typically the x-,
y-, and z-axes.

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COORDINATE SYSTEMS

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COORDINATE SYSTEMS

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COORDINATE SYSTEMS

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EXCERCISES

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EXCERCISES

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VISUALIZATION

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SPATIAL SKILLS

−Spatial perception

−Spatial visualization

−Mental rotations

−Spatial relations

−Spatial orientation

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SPATIAL SKILLS

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SPATIAL SKILLS

−Figure 3.06 challenges

you to imagine the 2-D
shape that is the
intersection between the
cutting plane and the 3-D
object.

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OBJECT ROTATION

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OBJECT ROTATION

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OBJECT ROTATION

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OBJECT ROTATION
Single Axis Rotation Equivalences:

−A positive 180 degree rotation is equivalent to a negative 180 degree

rotation.

−A negative 90 degree rotation is equivalent to a positive 270 degree

rotation.

−A positive 90 degree rotation is equivalent to a negative 270 degree

rotation.
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OBJECT ROTATION

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OBJECT ROTATION

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REFLECTIONS AND SYMMETRY

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REFLECTIONS AND SYMMETRY

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REFLECTIONS AND SYMMETRY

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CROSS SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
−“The intersection between a solid object
and a cutting plane”.

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COMBINING SOLIDS

−Volume interference

−Two objects joined

−Two objects intersecting

−Cutting of two objects

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COMBINING SOLIDS

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EXCERCISES
Using the notation developed in this chapter, indicate the rotation the following objects have
experienced

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CREATIVITY AND THE DESIGN
PROCESS

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WHAT IS DESIGN?
−Goal-oriented, problem-solving activity (most of the times takes
several iterations).
−Key: development and testing.
−Factors to consider are mainly related to function, cost and
environmental impact.
−Prototypes: crucial part of the design process; they contribute to the
analysis of the product.

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COMPUTERS IN DESIGN

−Number-crunching capabilities.

−See the designs before building them.

−Eliminates the need for numerous prototypes.

−Finite Element Analysis (FEA), modal and thermal analysis.

−CAM produces the part(s) directly from CAD model.

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CREATIVITY IN DESIGN

−Visual thinking

−Brainstorming

−Brainwriting

−Morphological charts

−Concept mapping

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THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
1. Problem identification

2. Concept generation

3. Concept selection and

refinement

4. Design evaluation and analysis

5. Physical prototyping

6. Design documentation

7. Production

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THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
1. Problem identification

−Clearly defined need of the

product or system

−Market analysis

−Address questions and answers

−Life cycle

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THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
2. Concept generation

−Most creative phase

−Brainstorming, brainwriting, etc.

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THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
3. Concept selection and
refinement

−Selection of 1 or 2
concepts/ideas

−Weighted decision table

−Refinement of 3D models

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THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
4. Design evaluation and analysis

−Analysis of the design using

numerical methods.

−Determine mechanical
properties.

−FEA, heat transfer, aerodynamic

flow.

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THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
5. Physical prototyping

−Physical model of the design

−Scale, true-size, mock-up

concept model.

−CAM, CNC, rapid prototyping

systems (SLA, SLS, LOM, FDM,
inkjet printing), 3D printers.

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THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
6. Design documentation

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THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS
7. Production

−Manufacturing stage

−Impacted by the design process

−Goal (most of the times): mass production and meet

performance standards.

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REFERENCES
Geometría para la informática gráfica y CAD.
Joan Trias Pairó
Editorial: Alfamoeg

Gráficos por computadora, principios y práctica.

Foley, van Dam, Feiner, Hughes.
Editorial: Addison Wesley

El libro NURBS: monografías en comunicación visual.

Les Piegl y Wayne Tiller
Editorial: Springer Verlag

Visualization, modeling and graphics for Engineering Design.

Dennis K. Lieu / Sheryl Sorby
Editorail Delmar Cengage Learning

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