CITIZENSHIP

TRAINING
PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION (composition/ structure)

Since JUNE 12, 1898, PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE, there have

been a total of six (6) Philippine Constitution. Below is the evolution of
the constitution.
1. Malolos Constitution (1898 – 1901) – First Philippine Constitution; First
republican constitution in Asia
The Philippine Republic (Spanish: Republica Filipina), now officially known as
the First Philippine Republic, was established on January 22, 1899, in
Malolos, Bulacan, during the Philippine Revolution and the Spanish-
American War, with the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution,
succeeding the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines.
Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as its first president.
2. Philippine Organic Act of 1902 & Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 or the Jones
Law of 1916 (1902 – 1935) - The Phil. Organic Act of 1902 provided a Philippine
Assembly composed of Filipino citizen while the Phil. Autonomy Act of 1916
included the first pledge of Philippine Independence.

The Jones Law created the first fully elected Philippine legislature. The law was
enacted by the 64th United States Congress on August 29, 1916, and contained the
first formal and official declaration of the United States Federal Government's
commitment to grant independence to the Philippines.
3. Commonwealth and Third Republic/1935 Constitution (1935 – 1943 &
1945 – 1972)

The 1935 Constitution served as the legal foundation for the

Commonwealth Government, which served as a transitional
government prior to the granting of Philippine independence with an
American-inspired constitution; the Philippine government would
eventually model its government system after the American
government.

Manuel Roxas, a delegate, signs the Constitution. He was a key member of the
Committee on Style, also known as the Seven Wise Men, who influenced the final
draft of the 1935 Constitution.
4. Japanese-Sponsored Republic/Second Republic/1943 Constitution
(1943 – 1945) – The

During World War II, a Japanese-backed government nullified the

constitution and established a Preparatory Committee on Philippine
Independence to replace it. The new constitution was used by the
administration of President Jose P. Laurel.

Unlike the 1935 Constitution, which established a government based on limited

democracy, the 1943 Constitution established a government that is not democratic
but rather a form of constitutional dictatorship. (Base on the political analysis of a researcher)
5. Martial Law Constitution/1973 Constitution (1973 – 1986)

A Constitutional Convention was formed during President Ferdinand

Marcos's regime to amend the 1935 Constitution. In accordance with
Presidential Decree No. 86, s. 1972 - Establishment of a citizen
assembly to ratify a drafted constitution via Viva Voce rather than
secret ballots; President Marcos announced the ratification and its
effective date on January 17, 1973. Despite several objections to its
ratification, the 1973 Constitution was declared valid and was
implemented.
The Philippines rejects war as a tool of national policy, acknowledges
generally accepted principles of international law as a part of Philippine
law, and seeks a policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation,
and amity with all nations.
6. Freedom Constitution/1987 Constitution (1987 – Present)

Following the end of Martial Law and the restoration of democracy,

President Corazon Aquino issued Proclamation No. 3 suspending
several provisions of the 1973 Constitution and establishing a transitory
constitution. Proclamation No. 9, s. 1986, and was tasked with creating
a new charter to replace the previous Constitution. The National
Plebiscite for the New Constitution was held on February 2, 1987. The
new constitution was ratified on February 11, 1987, by Proclamation
No. 58.
This constitution, also known as the "Freedom
Constitution," was intended as a transitional
DEMOCRACY supreme power
constitution to ensure democracy and people's is vested in the people and
freedom. exercised by them directly or
indirectly through a system
CITIZENSHIP
Based on the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article IV:

SECTION I The following are citizens of the Philippines:

➢ Those who were citizens of the Philippines at the time

of the adoption of this Constitution;
➢ Those whose fathers or mothers are Philippine citizens;
➢ hose born before January 17, 1973, to Filipino mothers,
who choose Philippine citizenship when they reach the
age of majority; and
➢ Those who are legally naturalized.
SECTION II
➢ Natural-born citizens are those who are Filipino citizens by birth and do
not need to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine
citizenship. Those who choose Philippine citizenship in accordance with
paragraph (3) of Section 1 of this Act are considered natural-born citizens.

SECTION III
➢ Philippine citizenship can be lost or recovered in the manner prescribed
by law.
SECTION IV
➢ Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens keep their citizenship
unless they are deemed to have renounced it by act or omission
under the law.

SECTION V
➢ Citizens' dual allegiance is harmful to the national interest and
will be punished by law.

loyalty or commitment
treachery / pagtataksil
PREAMBLE

Kami, ang nakapangyayaring sambayanang Pilipino, na humihingi ng tulong sa

Makapangyarihang Diyos, upang bumuo ng isang makatarungan at makataong
lipunan at magtatag ng isang Pamahalaan nakakatawan sa aming mga mithiin
at mga lunggatiin, magtataguyod ng kabutihan sa bawat isa, mangangalaga at
magpapaunlad ng aming kamanahan, at titiyak para saming sarili at
angkanang susunod ng mga biyaya ng kalayaan at demokrasya sa ilalim ng
pananaig ng batas at ng pamamahalang puspos ng katotohanan, katarungan,
kalayaan, pag-ibig, pagkakapantay-pantay at kapayapaan, ay naglalagda at
naghahayag ng Konstitusyong ito.
BILL OF RIGHTS
Based on ARTICLE III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, it
establishes the individual's relationship to the State and defines the
individual's rights by limiting the rightful powers of the State.

SEC. 1
➢ No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due
process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the
laws.
Hindi dapat alisan ng buhay, kalayaan, o ariarian ang sino mang
tao nang hindi sa kaparaanan ng batas, ni pagkaitan ang sino
mang tao ng pantay na pangangalaga ng batas.
SEC. 2
➢ The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and
effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for
any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest
shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the
judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the
witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched
and the persons or things to be seized.
Ang karapatan ng mga taong-bayan na magkaroon ng kapanatagan sa kanilang sarili,
pamamahay, papeles at mga bagay-bagay laban sa hindi makatwirang paghahalughog
at pagsamsam sa ano mang layunin ay hindi dapat labagin, at hindi dapat maglagda ng
warant sa paghalughog o warant sa pagdakip maliban kung may malinaw na dahilan na
personal na pagpapasyahan ng hukom matapos masiyasat ang mayhabla at ang mga
testigong maihaharap niya sa ilalim ng panunumpa o patotoo, at tiyakang tinutukoy ang
lugar na hahalughugin, at ang mga taong darakpin o mga bagay na sasamsamin.
SEC. 3

➢ The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be

inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public
safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law.

Hindi dapat labagin ang pagiging lihim ng komunikasyon at

korespondensya maliban sa legal na utos ng hukuman, o kapag
hinihingi ang naiiba ng kaligtasan o kaayusan ng bayan ayon sa
itinatakda ng batas.
➢ Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding
section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding.

Hindi dapat tanggapin para sa ano mang layunin sa alin mang

hakbangin sa paglilitis ang ano mang ebidensya na nakuha nang
labag dito o sa sinusundang seksyon.
SEC. 4
➢ No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of
expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to
assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.

Hindi dapat magpatibay ng batas na nagbabawas sa kalayaan sa

pananalita, pagpapahayag, o ng pamahayagan, o sa karapatan ng
mga taong-bayan na mapayapang magkatipon at magpetisyon sa
pamahalaan upang ilahad ang kanilang mga karaingan.
SEC. 5
➢ No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment
of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or
preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required
for the exercise of civil or political rights.
Hindi dapat magbalangkas ng batas para sa pagtatatag ng relihyon,
o nagbabawal sa malayang pagsasagamit nito. Dapat ipahintulot
magpakailanman ang malayang pagsasagamit at pagtatamasa ng
paghahayag ng relihyon at pagsamba nang walang pagtatangi o
pamimili. Hindi dapat kailanganin ang pagsusulit panrelihyon sa
pagsasagamit ng mga karapatang sibil o pampulitika.
SEC. 6
➢ The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits
prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the
court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest
of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided
by law.
Hindi dapat bawahan ang kalayaan sa paninirahan at ang pagbabago ng
tirahan sa saklaw ng mga katakdaang itinatadhana ng batas maliban sa
legal na utos ng hukuman. Ni hindi dapat bawahan ang karapatan sa
paglalakbay maliban kung para sa kapakanan ng kapanatagan ng bansa,
kaligtasang pambayan, o kalusugang pambayan ayon sa maaaring
itadhana ng batas.
SEC. 7
➢ The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall
be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents, and papers
pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to
government research data used as basis for policy development, shall
be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided
by law.
Dapat kilalanin ang karapatan ng mga taong-bayan na mapag-pabatiran hinggil sa
mga bagay-bagay na may kinalaman sa tanan. Ang kaalaman sa mga opisyal na
rekord, at sa mga dokumento at papeles tungkol sa mga opisyal na gawain,
transaksyon, o pasya, gayon din sa mga datos sa pananaliksik ng pamahalaan na
pinagbabatayan ng patakaran sa pagpapaunlad ay dapat ibigay sa mamamayan sa
ilalim ng mga katakdaang maaaring itadhana ng batas.
SEC. 12

1. Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have
the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and
independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford
the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights cannot be
waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel.
Ang sino mang tao na sinisiyasat dahil sa paglabag ay dapat magkaroon ng
karapatang mapatalastasan ng kanyang karapatang magsawalang-kibo at
magkaroon ng abogadong may sapat na kakayahan at malaya na lalong
kanais-nais kung siya ang maypili. Kung hindi niya makakayanan ang
paglilingkod ng abogado, kinakailangang pagkalooban siya ng isa. Hindi
maiuurong ang mga karapatang ito maliban kung nakasulat at sa harap ng
abogado.
4. The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions of violations of this
section as well as compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture
or similar practices, and their families.

Dapat magtadhana ang batas ng mga kaparusahang penal at sibil sa mga paglabag sa
seksyong ito at gayon din ng bayad-pinsala at rehabilitasyon sa mga biktima ng labis na
mga pagpapahirap o katulad ng mga nakagawian, at sa kanilang mga pamilya