Therapy Considerations

1. Irritation caused by too high or too low pH can be minimized by:

a. Further diluting the solution

b. Infusing at a slower rate

c. Using a larger vein

d. All of the above

2. TPN should be infused through central lines only

a. True

b. False

3. Medication may be buffered or diluted with large volumes of diluent to _______________ the
irritating consequences of pH

a. Maintain

b. Increase

c. Decrease

d. None

4. Appropriate vein selection should allow for adequate dilution of the hypertonic PPN solution

a. True

b. False

5. Use of glucose rather than fructose reduces the risk of phlebitis (Tick √ the correct answer)

i) True ii) False

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6. The risk of phlebitis can be reduced by administering an isotonic and hypertonic solution
simultaneously (Tick √ the correct answer)

i) True ii) False

7. What is Acidosis

a. Lack of acid in the blood that causes pH to rise above 7.35

b. Lack of acid in the blood that causes pH to fall below 7.35

c. Excess of acid in the blood that causes pH to fall below 7.35

d. Excess of acid in the blood that causes pH to rise above 7.35

8. Which of the following is true about intermittent infusion

a. A dose of medication is given over a certain period of time, stopped and started again
over a set cycle, i.e over every 4 hrs

b. Most common method for giving medications

c. Both a & b

d. None

9. Which of the following is not true about the self-collapsible IV solution bags

a. They are Non-air dependent (closed system)

b. Reduce risk of air embolism and airborne contamination

c. Both are correct

d. Both are incorrect

10. Hypertonic solutions_ __________________________ should be infused into a larger vein via CVC

a. >500 mOsm/l

b. >600 mOsm/l

c. >700 mOsm/l

d. >800 mOsm/l

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11. Normal Blood Plasma Osmolarity is

a. 278 mOsm/l

b. 290 mOsm/l

c. 308 mOsm/l

d. 340 mOsm/l

12. Cephalosporins and Penicillins are associated with higher risk of phlebitis

a. True

b. False

13. Hyperkalemia is

a. When blood’s calcium levels are too high

b. When blood’s ketone levels are too high

c. When blood’s potassium levels are too high

d. None

14. Flow rate of an IV line is affected by

a. The height of the solution container

b. Blockage of the cannula, change in position of the cannula,

c. venous spasms and viscosity of the solution

d. All of the above

15. Cytostatic drugs are usually administered through central venous line for better_____________

a. Precipitation

b. Dilution

c. Absorption

d. All of the above

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16. What does pH mean

a. Potential of Hydrogen

b. Negative logarithm of Hydrogen ion concentration

c. It is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

d. All of the above

17. According to the Infusion protocols same vein may be used again, ______________ after the
previous infusion

a. 8hr

b. 16hr

c. 24hr

d. 48hr

18. If pH is less or above, it may cause

a. Infective Phlebitis

b. Mechanical Phlebitis

c. Chemical Phlebitis

d. All

19. Which gauze is recommended for antibiotics

a. 16G or 18G

b. 18G or 20G

c. 20G or 22G

d. 22G or 24G

20. In case of an emergency during blood transfusion, it is recommended to use IV catheters of 14G
or 16G to ensure adequate flow

a. True

b. False

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