SODA LIME (SODIUM HYDROXIDE) AS CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORBENT IN

REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING

A research

Presented to

Faculty Development

In Partial Fulfillment in course

Research 2

Presented by

Florentino, Avea B.

Halili, Mara Marjolaine G.

Uy, Jaybriel Andrei V.

PHILIPPINE YUH CHIAU SCHOOL

Del Pilar, Cabatuan, Isabela

 SODA LIME AS CO2 ABSORBENT IN REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING | FLORENTINO, HALILI, UY

Chapter 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction

For many years, the Earth and the people in it have been suffering global warming

—a dilemma that mankind itself has brought upon it—which is caused by too much greenhouse

gases. It is evident in the melting polar caps, the rising sea levels, and the unmistakable change in

climate. In fact, until now humans continue to increase the amount of these gases in the

atmosphere with careless practices, thus worsening this man-made global warming. During the

year 1985, the amount of these gases in the atmosphere had only been 335 parts per million

(ppm), but because of immoderate carbon dioxide emission over the years, it has now passed

403.3 ppm. The oxygen circulating in the planet is already polluted enough for the future

generations to come, and as constructions of greenhouse gas-emitting factories and power plants

rise, so should innovations that will cut the root of global warming.

It is for this reason that the researchers were driven to conduct this study where soda

lime, also called sodium hydroxide, will be used in these industrial buildings as an efficient

absorbent of mainly carbon dioxide to help in the reduction of greenhouse gases.

Nevertheless, this is widely used in the field of medicine, where it is most commonly

utilized in rebreathing anesthesia systems. However, in this particular study it will be used for

the bettering of the planet’s ecological health instead.

 SODA LIME AS CO2 ABSORBENT IN REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING | FLORENTINO, HALILI, UY

According to Keeling (2018), about 50% of the excess carbon dioxide from the

atmosphere is eradicated by the oceans and land plants, but this is not enough—which is why the

researchers decided to conduct this study in order to help reduce the industrial production of

carbon dioxide, to benefit not only us humans but also all the other organisms living on the

planet.
 SODA LIME AS CO2 ABSORBENT IN REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING | FLORENTINO, HALILI, UY

Statement of the Problem

Soda lime is known for its use in the medical field as a rebreathing system, where the carbon

dioxide exhaled by the patient in surgery is converted into oxygen through a chemical reaction. On the

other hand, however, the aim of this project is to utilize it in reducing global warming. The following

questions will be answered in the process of the study:

1. Will the model of this project work more efficiently as a filter inside the exhaust pipe or

before the opening of the pipe?

2. Will soda lime work efficiently in decreasing carbon dioxide emissions?

3. Is there a significant difference in using soda lime to help lessen the effects of global

warming?

4. Will the cost of this product’s materials be worth its amount of usage?

Hypotheses

1. Ho: There is no significant difference in using models of this project that will work more

efficiently.

Ha: There is a significant difference in using models of this project that will work more

efficiently.

2. Ho: There is no significant difference in using soda lime in decreasing carbon dioxide

emissions.

Ha: There is a significant difference in using soda lime in decreasing carbon dioxide

emissions.

3. Ho: There is no significant difference in using soda lime to help lessen the effects of global

warming.
 SODA LIME AS CO2 ABSORBENT IN REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING | FLORENTINO, HALILI, UY

Ha: There is a significant difference in using soda lime to help lessen the effects of global

warming.

4. Ho: The cost of the product’s materials is not worth its amount of usage.

Ha: The cost of the product’s materials is worth its amount of usage.

Significance of the Study

This research is deemed to be of great benefit to the following:

The environment. The researchers will be making a product to reduce excess carbon dioxide that

causes air pollution and global warming, therefore as the environment benefits, the people and animals

will benefit as well.

The people. Climate change is one of the effects of global warming that is felt by people all

around the world. This affects their lives and businesses in ways that are not beneficial. But with the use

of this project that aims to decrease the effects of global warming, the people would no longer experience

unpredictability in their climate.

The animals. Carbon dioxide is essential for the survival of animals. Too much carbon dioxide,

however, can kill them if it is confined because it can decrease the amount of oxygen reaching the

animals’ bodies. But the animals, most affected by global warming are those in the North Pole, where the

ice caps which they live in are melting due to this drastic increase in temperature. This project will be

greatly helpful in saving the lives of these faunas.

Future researchers. This study may help in the enrichment of future researchers’ knowledge in

this field, and in gathering data on chemical substances which may also help in the lessening of global

warming.
 SODA LIME AS CO2 ABSORBENT IN REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING | FLORENTINO, HALILI, UY

Objectives

1. To filter severely polluted air manufactured by industries.

2. To help reduce the production of greenhouse gases that contributes to global warming.

3. To create an alternative air filter that is more affordable and efficient.

Scope and Delimitation

This research, soda lime as carbon dioxide absorbent in reducing global warming, was conducted

to provide filtered air in the aiding of reduction in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Moreover, with

the use of soda lime it also helps in decreasing fresh gas flow, anesthetic consumption and operating room

pollution, and improving breathing system and airway humidity.

However, the filter itself that the soda lime creates may not fully sieve the polluted air for it might

still leave some unfiltered chemicals. Thus, it generally happens to severely polluted air that one may try

to filter with the use of soda lime.

Definition of Terms

Drastic – radical and extreme; likely to have a strong or far-reaching effect

Eradicate – put an end to; destroy completely

Faunas – the animals of a particular region, habitat or geological period

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Parts per million – out of a million; usually describes the concentration of something in water or

soil; equivalent to 1 milligram of something per liter of water (mg/l)

Sieve – remove (unwanted items)

 SODA LIME AS CO2 ABSORBENT IN REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING | FLORENTINO, HALILI, UY

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Global Warming: The very real problem that we have been experiencing since the early

1830s is the man-made global warming, and this is only worsening as time moves forward. Over

the past 50 years, studies show that the average global temperature has increased at the fastest

rate in recorded history. Moreover, emissions of greenhouse gases are expected to raise global

mean temperature over the next century by 1.0–3.5 °C (Houghton et al. 1995, 1996).

This worldwide problem that people have brought upon themselves occurs when

greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2) and other air pollutants accumulate in the ozone

layer. The accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere causes the absorption of the sunlight

and solar radiation that normally would have been bounced back to outer space. It is for this

reason that Earth’s temperature continues to increase. The pollutants which can last up to

centuries trap the heat our planet receives from the sun and causes Earth to become hotter; this is

also known as the greenhouse effect.

In recent years, China has taken the lead in global warming pollution, producing about

28% of all carbon dioxide emissions. The United States comes in second, despite making up just

4% of the world’s population, producing a massive 16% of all global carbon dioxide emissions

—as much as the European Union and India (third and fourth place respectively) combined. The

burning of fossil fuels in order to create electricity is one of the largest sources of greenhouse

gases, producing about two billion tons of carbon dioxide annually. In fact, coal-burning power
 SODA LIME AS CO2 ABSORBENT IN REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING | FLORENTINO, HALILI, UY

plants are by far the biggest polluters. But looking at the bigger picture, humans add to the

amounts of these pollutants every day—such as when they burn rubbish or simply drive their

cars.

Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations are expected to have significant impacts on the

world’s climate on a timescale of decades to centuries. Evidence from long-term monitoring

studies is now accumulating and suggests that the climate of the past few decades is anomalous

compared with past climate variation, and that recent climatic and atmospheric trends are already

affecting species physiology, distribution and phenology. (Shaver et al. 2000).

It is a sad fact that albeit most are aware of how severe global warming has become,

many still act as though this is not something to worry about. Each year, scientists learn more

about the effects of global warming, and many agree that environmental, economic, and health

consequences are likely to occur if these trends continue. Researchers agree that the earth’s

rising temperatures are fueling longer and hotter heat waves, more frequent droughts, heavier

rainfall, and more powerful hurricanes. Forests, farms, and cities will face troublesome new

pests, heat waves, heavy downpours, and increased flooding most especially in cities. All those

factors shall either damage or destroy agriculture and fisheries in the future, or may even occur

now.

In more naturally arid areas, droughts and wildfires intensify. In fact, in 2015, scientists

proclaimed that an ongoing drought in California—the state’s worst water shortage in 1,200

years—had been intensified by 15% to 20% by global warming. Moreover, it is said that melting

glaciers, early snowmelt, and severe droughts will cause more dramatic water shortages. This is

only one of the instances where global warming had intensified the Earth’s climate change.
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The accumulation of excessive greenhouse gases in the atmosphere causes the planet's

snowpack, glaciers and sea and freshwater ice to melt rapidly. As a matter of fact, Antarctica has

been losing about 134 billion metric tons of ice per year since 2002. Melting glaciers and polar

ice sheets contribute to unprecedented sea level rise and exposes darker ocean waters, which

absorb more sunlight than ice. Because of this absorption, the ocean is heated more and a

relentless cycle of melting and heating is sped up.

As the effect, the ice that Arctic animals need is disappearing. As sea ice disappears, ice-

dependent mammals such as walruses and polar bears struggle to survive. In 2008, the polar bear

became the first animal to make the Endangered Species Act list of threatened species because of

global warming.

There is a great possibility that this rate of melting ice caps would accelerate if we keep

burning fossil fuels at our current pace and cause sea levels to rise several meters over the next

50 to 150 years. Rising sea levels will lead to coastal flooding on the Eastern Seaboard,

especially in Florida, and in other areas such as the Gulf of Mexico.

Along with sea levels, sea temperatures are also rising, which means that tropical storms

can pick up more energy and become more destructive. The increased evaporation of water is

like fuel for storms, exacerbating extreme weather events, such as hurricanes. Rising sea levels

make storm surges capable of much greater damage. Furthermore, scientists have also found that

the frequency of North Atlantic hurricanes has increased since the early 1980s, as well as the

number of storms that reach signals four and five.

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Another consequence of global warming is that the oceans are getting hotter, expanding

and becoming more acidic. Ocean temperatures are increasing for the reason that they absorb

90% of the extra heat in the climate. This shift causes the oceans to expand, contributing to

higher sea levels, and stripping corals of their vivid colors. These corals, which are homes of

aquatic animals, are being “cooked” because of this anomalous rise in sea temperature. Coral

reefs are highly sensitive to small shifts in ocean temperatures. The heat stresses the algae that

nourish the corals and provide their vibrant colors and because of this, the algae then leave, and

the corals eventually starve—an occurrence also known as bleaching. As coral reefs are home to

many other species, such as fish, their collapse would disrupt the entire ecosystem.

Meanwhile, nearly a third of carbon dioxide emissions end up in the oceans, triggering a

chemistry change that makes the water more acidic. Studies show that the ocean is actually

almost 40% more acidic than it used to be. Moreover, a this type of acidic ocean affects the

normal calcium balance, meaning creatures with calcified shells, such as shellfish and coral, may

not have enough calcium to grow. Therefore the shells of these sea creatures are dissolved.

Aside from these effects, forests have also become more prone to deadly

infestations. Milder winters and lengthier summers allow tree-killing insects to thrive. In view of

that, trees weakened by prolonged drought have lower defense mechanisms. This cycle of

warmer weather, weak trees and thriving insects is likely the culprit behind the massive die-off

of 70,000 square miles of Rocky Mountain conifers.

In consequence, animals’ natural habitats become hostile. Habitats on land and in the sea

are being altered, making them inhospitable for some species, while letting others move in and

take over. In many dry ecosystems, increased evaporative water loss at higher temperatures,
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resulting in dryer soils, may strongly limit soil and plant processes so that potential temperature-

driven increases in process rates are not achieved (Mooney et al. 1999, Saleska et al. 1999).

Evidently, some ecosystems are at risk of collapsing.

Although species have responded to climatic changes throughout their evolutionary

history, a primary concern for wild species and their ecosystems is this rapid rate of change.

Indeed, more than 80% of the species that show changes are shifting in the direction expected

on the basis of known physiological constraints of species. Consequently, the balance of

evidence from these studies strongly suggests that a significant impact of global warming is

already discernible in animal and plant populations. The synergism of rapid temperature rise

and other stresses, in particular habitat destruction, could easily disrupt the connectedness

among species and lead to a reformulation of species communities, reflecting differential

changes in species, and to numerous extirpations and possibly extinctions (Root et al, 2003).

Based from a study on global warming and terrestrial ecosystems by Gaius R. Shaver

et al, warming will affect essentially all ecosystem processes and organic matter pools but at

different rates. Because the processes and pools are linked to each other through biogeochemical

cycles, the magnitude and even the direction of the net change in the ecosystem may vary over

time.

But ecosystems are not the only networks being affected by climate change; climate

change is also a major threat to agriculture. The place, the time and the manner of how people

grow crops are essentially connected to our climate's normal patterns. Farmers all over the world

are struggling to keep up with shifting weather patterns and increasingly unpredictable water
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supplies. Moreover, farms are also more likely to face attacks from weeds, diseases and pests.

These events only lead to the reduction of farmers’ yields.

Aside from the said effects, our infrastructure and transportation are likewise at risk. Hot

weather, flooding and other extreme weather events damage infrastructure, put heavy burdens on

electrical supplies and disrupt how we travel and commute. An example of a disturbance people

experience during travelling is the excessive heat-caused expansions of concrete in roadways that

result in cracked roads.

The destructive hurricanes that fuel on global warming also contribute to the travel

disruption that humans encounter. These more powerful storms can bring not only a mess for us

to clean up, but also severe infrastructure and transportation damage, such as destructions of

bridges.

Lastly, a warmer, polluted atmosphere affects our health and increases the formation

of ground-level ozone—more commonly known as smog—in polluted regions. Smog irritates

lungs and triggers asthma attacks. Allergies, asthma, and infectious disease outbreaks will

become more common due to increased growth of pollen-producing ragweed, higher levels of air

pollution, and the spread of conditions favorable to pathogens and mosquitoes. Warmer

freshwater makes it easier for disease-causing agents (such as bacteria) to grow and contaminate

drinking water. Additionally, smoke from wildfires further degrades the air humans breathe, and

extreme summer heat means more deaths during heat waves.

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Gas Absorption: Gas absorption—also known as scrubbing—is an operation in which a

gas mixture is contacted with a liquid for the purpose of preferentially dissolving one or more

components of the gas mixture and to provide a solution of them in the liquid.

Therefore we can see that there is a mass transfer of the component of the gas from the

gas phase to the liquid phase. The solute so transferred is said to be absorbed by the liquid.

In gas desorption (or stripping), the mass transfer is in the opposite direction, i.e. from

the liquid phase to the gas phase. The principles for both systems are the same.

The process of gas absorption thus involves the diffusion of solute from the gas phase

through a stagnant or non-diffusing liquid. There are 2 types of absorption processes: physical

absorption and chemical absorption, depending on whether there is any chemical

reaction between the solute and the solvent.

When water and hydrocarbon oils are used as absorbents, no significant chemical

reactions occur between the absorbent and the solute, and the process is commonly referred to

as physical absorption.

When aqueous sodium hydroxide (a strong base) is used as the absorbent to dissolve an

acid gas, absorption is accompanied by a rapid and irreversible neutralization reaction in the

liquid phase and the process is referred to as chemical absorption or reactive absorption. 

More complex examples of chemical absorption are processes for absorbing CO2 and H2S

with aqueous solution of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diethyleneglycol

(DEG) or triethyleneglycol (TEG), where a reversible chemical reaction takes place in the liquid
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phase. Chemical reactions can increase the rate of absorption, increase the absorption capacity of

the solvent, increase selectivity to preferentially dissolve only certain components of the gas, and

convert a hazardous chemical to a safe compound.

The absorption of carbon dioxide is mandatory in closed and semi-closed circle breathing

systems. The elimination of carbon dioxide from exhaled gases is achieved through chemical

neutralization in transparent canisters containing absorbent granules. The ideal CO2 absorbent

should have high efficiency, low airflow resistance, no toxicity or reactions with inhalation

anesthetics, and low cost.

Effective carbon dioxide absorption prevents CO2 rebreathing and the development of

hypercapnia.

There are several types of carbon dioxide absorbents used today. Each type has a

different degree of efficiency for CO 2 elimination The neutralization of CO2 involves a number

of chemical reactions.

Amsorb is a new carbon dioxide absorbent for use in anesthetic breathing systems. It

consists of calcium hydroxide lime (70%), water (14.5%), calcium chloride (0.7%), and two

agents to improve hardness (calcium sulfate and polyvinylpyrrolidine). Amsorb has half the

absorbing capacity of soda lime and costs more per unit.

Calcium chloride serves as a moisture-retaining agent to allow for greater water

availability. As a result, there is no need for alkali agents like NaOH or KOH. Without these

strong monovalent bases, calcium hydroxide lime has fewer adverse reactions associated with

the breakdown of inhalation agents (such as the formation of compound A or carbon monoxide).
 SODA LIME AS CO2 ABSORBENT IN REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING | FLORENTINO, HALILI, UY

Neutralization of carbon dioxide with Amsorb begins with the reaction of carbon dioxide

with water present in the granules to form carbonic acid. Carbonic acid then reacts with calcium

hydroxide to form calcium carbonate, water, and heat.

Soda Lime: There are several types of carbon dioxide absorbents used today. Each type

has a different degree of efficiency for CO2 elimination. Soda lime is just one of the many

beneficial types of carbon dioxide absorbent.

Soda lime, white or grayish white granular mixture of calcium hydroxide with sodium

hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The components of soda lime are calcium hydroxide (80%),

water (15%), and two catalysts: sodium hydroxide (5%) and potassium hydroxide (<0.1%).

Some types of soda lime lack potassium hydroxide. Silica is added to make the granules harder

and more stable, which reduces alkaline powder formation (which could cause bronchospasm). It

has a pH of 13.5. Soda lime absorbs about 19% of its weight in carbon dioxide, hence 100 g of

soda lime can absorb approximately 26 L of carbon dioxide. (Freeman, MD)

Soda lime absorbs carbon dioxide and water vapour and deteriorates rapidly unless kept

in airtight containers. Medically, soda lime is used to absorb carbon dioxide in basal metabolism

tests and in rebreathing anesthesia systems. In gas masks it is an absorbent for toxic gases. It is

used in laboratories as a drying agent. A highly corrosive poison, soda lime severely damages the

gastrointestinal tract if swallowed and may cause death.(Gaur 2018)

The elimination of CO2 from exhaled gases is achieved through chemical neutralization

in transparent canisters containing absorbent granules. The ideal CO2 absorbent should have

high efficiency, low airflow resistance, no toxicity or reactions with inhalation anesthetics, and
 SODA LIME AS CO2 ABSORBENT IN REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING | FLORENTINO, HALILI, UY

low cost. Effective carbon dioxide absorption prevents CO2 rebreathing and the development of

hypercapnia. (Freeman, MD)

Soda lime is used in closed breathing environments, such as general anaesthesia,

submarines, rebreathers and recompression chambers, to remove carbon dioxide from breathing

gases to prevent CO2 retention and carbon dioxide poisoning.

It absorbs about 19% of its weight in carbon dioxide, hence 100 g of soda lime can

absorb approximately 26 L of carbon dioxide. Calcium hydroxide reacts with the carbonates

within minutes to form calcium carbonate, an insoluble precipitate. Because soda lime color

indicators are unreliable, when a semi closed breathing circle is used at a low rate of fresh gas

flow without CO2 monitoring, the CO2 absorbent must be replaced more frequently.

It is a given fact that soda lime is used in different fields as a carbon dioxide absorbent

and an example is the use of soda lime in Anaesthetics.

During the administration of general anaesthesia, the gases expired by a patient, which

contain carbon dioxide, are passed through an anaesthetic machine breathing circuit filled with

soda lime granules. Medical-grade soda lime includes an indicating dye that changes color when

the soda lime reaches its carbon dioxide absorbing capacity.

To ensure that a soda lime canister (CO2 absorber) is functioning properly, it should not

be used if the indicating dye is activated. Standard anaesthesia machines typically contain up to 2

kg of soda lime granules.

Lithium hydroxide is the alkali hydroxide with the lowest molecular weight and is

therefore used as CO2 absorbent in space flights since the Apollo programme to spare weight at
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launch. During Apollo 13 flight, the crew sheltered in the lunar module started suffering from

high CO2 levels and had to adapt spare absorbent cartridges from the Apollo capsule to the LEM

system.

Recent generation of CO2 absorbents have been developed to reduce the risk of

formation of toxic by-products as a result of the interaction between the absorbent and inhaled

anesthetics. Some absorbents made from lithium hydroxide are also available for this purpose.

Another field of soda lime as a carbon dioxide absorbent is as a component of a

rebreather. As a person breathes, the body consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.

A rebreather is a breathing apparatus that absorbs the carbon dioxide of a user's exhaled

breath to permit the rebreathing of the substantially unused oxygen content, and unused inert

content when present, of each breath. Oxygen is added to replenish the amount metabolised by

the user. This differs from an open-circuit breathing apparatus, where the exhaled gas is

discharged directly into the environment.

Rebreather technology may be used where breathing gas supply is limited, such as

underwater or in space, where the environment is toxic or hypoxic, as in firefighting, mine rescue

and high-altitude operations, or where the breathing gas is specially enriched or contains

expensive components, such as helium diluent or anaesthetic gases. But soda lime is a cheaper

yet a very helpful alternative in the case.

The situation is even more wasteful of oxygen when the oxygen fraction of the breathing

gas is higher, and in underwater diving, the compression of breathing gas due to depth makes the

recirculation of exhaled gas even more desirable, as an even larger proportion of open circuit gas

is wasted. Continued rebreathing of the same gas will deplete the oxygen to a level which will no
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longer support consciousness, and eventually life, so gas containing oxygen must be added to the

breathing gas to maintain the required concentration of oxygen.

However, if this is done without removing the carbon dioxide, it will rapidly build up in

the recycled gas, resulting almost immediately in mild respiratory distress, and rapidly

developing into further stages of hypercapnia, or carbon dioxide toxicity. A high ventilation rate

is usually necessary to eliminate the metabolic product carbon dioxide.

Soda lime can also be used as a desiccant. Soda lime's ability to absorb moisture makes it

a powerful drying agent, or desiccant, in commercial and industrial usage. Its toxicity and caustic

nature make it unsuited for consumer use, where silica gel is preferred, but it is used in a number

of industrial processes. It can be prepared in sealed, moisture permeable packages, or sachets, or

in some cases incorporated directly into a compound during mixing. Soda lime works more

slowly than silica gel, but can achieve lower levels of humidity.

Although soda lime is a very helpful and useful granule is also has some flaws. By

normal means you would have to change the color of the indicator to detect exhaustion. And the

said process requires some time and effort to do so every now and then. During the process not

all the granules are going to change colors, some of them are going to begin changing colors

while the others are not.

All of the supposed functions, advantages and disadvantages only fortifies the abilities of

soda lime as a carbon dioxide absorbent and also shows the limits of one too. Although there are

various types of carbon dioxide absorbents the researchers chose to use soda lime due to it’s

given functions and the affordability of the product.

 SODA LIME AS CO2 ABSORBENT IN REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING | FLORENTINO, HALILI, UY

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research procedures used in the study. This consists of the materials and

equipment, the research design employed in the conduct of the study, and the methodologies done in able

to create the said product.

PROCEDURAL FRAMEWORK

Requirement of
Analysis

Planning of
Design

Construction of
Design

Soda Lime as Carbon

Integration and Testing of Dioxide Absorbent in
Design Reducing Carbon Dioxide

Maintenance

Picture 1
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RESEARCH DESIGN

The method used in this research is developmental research. In this method is a configuration of

events which comprises the analysis of the requirements, planning of the design, the construction, and the

integration and testing of design.

First, analysis of the requirements was shown through identifying the current and most relevant

problems of factories that emit contaminated gases.

Second, planning of the design was done by considering the data gathered in the analysis of the

requirements and the possible variables that might affect the design itself.

Third, in the construction of the design, all required materials were bought and prepared based on

the stated design.

Fourth, under the integration of design, all the materials were put together according to the

chassis and built of the design.

Fifth, in the testing of the design, the overall built quality of the model was tested to be able to

alter the design of the model for better output.

RESEARCH LOCALE

The study was developed at the Grade 9 – DXP room of Philippine Yuh Chiau School in

Cabatuan, Isabela from October to December 2018. The said school is one of the leading private schools

in the said municipality that provides effective and quality education to learners. The proponents of this

study are currently students of the said institution.

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MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

1. Soda Lime – the most important material in the product; the carbon dioxide absorbent

2. Strainer or Net – the material where the soda lime pellets will be laid in

3. PVC Pipes – where the smoke and carbon dioxide will pass through

4. Plywood – to serve as the main material for the prototype factory

5. Screws, Wood Glue, Glue Gun – used to attach the materials

6. Dried Twigs, Pieces of Paper, etc. – to serve as kindling

7. Matches – for lighting a fire

8. Aluminum Foil – for the kindling to be placed on

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

1. Preparation of the Setup

The different materials to be used in the construction and testing of the design were purchased

and prepared. The soda lime was bought at Cauayan City, while the rest of the materials were purchased

at a local hardware store in Cabatuan, Isabela.

2. Construction of the Prototype Factory

Using four pieces of 1.5ft x 1ft plywood, a wooden box was assembled and put together using

wood glue. The wooden box served as the prototype building where it later on emitted carbon dioxide and

other greenhouse gases. On the center of the top piece of plywood, a hole with a four-inch was cut in.
 SODA LIME AS CO2 ABSORBENT IN REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING | FLORENTINO, HALILI, UY

3. Construction of the Model

A PVC pipe with a diameter of 4 inches was cut into a length of 0.5 ft to serve as the prototype

smoke pipe. After that, the remaining PVC pipe was cut into a length of 2 inches. Using the glue gun, the

strainer was firmly attached to one end of the 2-inch pipe where soda lime pellets were then poured in.

For the detachable lid of the soda lime container, screws were used to connect it to the smoke pipe. After

the parts were all assembled, the tubes were attached into the hole on top of the prototype factory using

the glue gun.

4. Testing

The model was tested on Philippine Yuh Chiau School’s open area, where the kindling placed on

aluminum foil inside the prototype factory was lit to produce carbon dioxide. After the fire was lit, the

open side of the wooden box was covered with plywood so there would only be one opening. After

testing, the results were recorded and analyzed.